Y染色体微缺失35例患者临床表型分析

目的分析35例Y染色体微缺失患者临床表型。方法按照WHO标准进行检查和精液分析,证实为非梗阻性无精子症或严重少精子症（〈1×10^6／mL）367例,然后应用改良多重多聚酶链反应（multiplex—PCR）,对367例不育患者进行Y染色体微缺失分子学诊断。将微缺失患者分为两组：严重少精子组和无精子组。再按缺失类型将无精子组分为两个亚组：单纯AZFc缺失组和其它类型缺失组。采集以下临床资料进行分析：结婚年龄、不育史、精液分析、睾丸体积、附睾睾丸穿刺情况、染色体核型分析以及性激素检测。结果367例中发现AZF微缺失35例（9．54％）,其中AZFa、AZFb微缺失各1例（2．86％）,AZFc微缺失29例（82．86％）,AZFb＋c微缺失2倒（5．71％）,AZFa＋b＋c微缺失2例（5．71％）。严重少精子患者14例,缺失类型均为AZFc;无精子症患者21例,其中对12例无精子症患者行睾丸穿刺活检,2例AZFc微缺失患者发现精子。其中未发现输精管缺如患者。染色体核型分析2例AZFc微缺失患者发现异常,其余均为46,XY。严重少精子组与无精子组患者年龄、不育年限、黄体生成素、雄激素及出生时父亲年龄无统计学差异,卵泡刺激素有统计学差异。结论 临床表型、染色体核型正常的严重少弱精子或无精子症患者可存在Y染色体微缺失,其发生率约为10％,最常见的类型为AZFc微缺失。单纯AZFc缺失对精子生成的影响比其他类型缺失较小,无精子症AZFc缺失者行睾丸穿刺活检有可能发现可用精子,AZFa、AZFb或AZFa＋b＋c缺失者基本不可能有精子,临床上无睾丸活检的价值。     

Detection of sperm in men with Y chromosome microdeletions of the AZFa,AZFb and AZFc regions

BACKGROUND: Y chromosome microdeletions are associated with severe male factor infertility. In this study, the success rate of testicular sperm retrieval was determined for men with deletions of AZF regions a, b or c. METHODS: AZF deletions were detected by PCR of 30 sequence-tagged sites within Yq emphasizing the AZFa, b and c regions. Semen analysis and diagnostic testis biopsy or testicular sperm extraction (TESE) findings were correlated with the specific AZF region deleted. RESULTS: A total of 78 men with AZF deletions included three with AZFa deletion, 11 with AZFb, 42 with AZFc, 16 with AZFb+c and six with Yq (AZFa+b+c). All men with AZFa, AZFb, AZFb+c and Yq deletions were azoospermic and no sperm were found with TESE or biopsy. Of men with isolated AZFc deletion, sperm were found in 75% (9/12) by TESE and 45% (9/20) on biopsy (56% overall); 62% (26/42) were azoospermic and 38% (16/42) severely oligozoospermic. A total of 7 patients with deletion patterns that included the complete AZFa region and 23 that included the complete AZFb region who underwent TESE or biopsy did not have sperm detected by these surgical measures. CONCLUSIONS: Microdeletion of the entire AZFa or AZFb regions of the Y chromosome portends an exceptionally poor prognosis for sperm retrieval, whereas the majority of men with AZFc deletion have sperm within the semen or testes available for use in IVF/ICSI.     

1000例无精子症和严重少精子症患者的Y染色体微缺失检测及分析

目的探讨Y染色体微缺失检测的意义。方法应用多重PCR对329例无精子症和671例严重少精子症患者行Y染色体AZFa、AZFb和AZFc基因微缺失检测。结果共检出Y染色体微缺失76例(7.6%),其中AZFc缺失60例(78.9%)。无精子症患者检出率为10%,严重少弱精子症患者检出率为6.4%,这两组缺失率有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 AZFc缺失是最常见的缺失类型。无精子症患者Y微缺发生率较严重少精子症患者高。Y染色体微缺失检测为这类患者的遗传咨询提供重要依据。     

Lack of association between Y chromosome haplogroups and male infertility in Japanese men

The Y chromosome carries several genes involved in spermatogenesis, which are distributed in three regions in the euchromatic part of the long arm, called AZFa (azoospermia factor a), AZFb, and AZFc. Microdeletions in these regions have been seen in 10-15% of sterile males with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia. The relatively high de novo occurrence of these microdeletion events might be due to particular chromosome arrangements associated with certain Y chromosome haplogroups. To test whether there is any association between Y chromosome types and male infertility, we studied a sample of 84 Japanese oligozoospermic or azoospermic males. The patients were analyzed for the presence of Yq microdeletions and also typed with a battery of unique event polymorphisms (UEPs) to define their Y haplogroups. Six of the infertile patients presented likely pathological microdeletions detectable with the sequence tagged sites (STS) markers used. There was no significant association between Y chromosome haplogroups and the microdeletions. We also compared the Y haplogroup frequencies in our subset sample of 51 idiopathic azoospermia patients with 57 fertile control Japanese males, and did not observe any significant differences. Contrary to previous reports, our data suggest that Y microdeletions and other molecular events causally associated with male infertility in Japan occur independently of the Y chromosome background.     

无精和严重少精子症患者Y染色体的微缺失

目的 检测我国无精和严重少精子症患者Y染色体微缺失的发生情况和位点,及其与睾丸病理学类型的关系.方法 取584例无精子症和80例严重少精子症患者精液中细胞或外周血白细胞,裂解提取DNA,用4组多重聚合酶链反应检测分布于AZFa、AZFb、AZFc区,包括欧洲男科学会和欧洲分子遗传学质量控制体系推荐的6个位点在内的共15个序列标签位点(sequence tagged site,SIS)的缺失.对部分有Y染色体微缺失患者进行睾丸细针抽吸活检,检查睾丸病理学类型.结果 584例无精子症患者中,共有66例(11.3%)发生Y染色体微缺失,各区发生率构成比由高到低依次为:AZFc区48例(72.7%),AZFb+c区9例(13.6%),AZFa+b+c区4例(6.1%),AZFb区3例(4.5%),A2Fa区2例(3.0%).80例严重少精子症患者共有10例发生Y染色体微缺失(12.5%),均为AZFc区缺失.AZFc区缺失患者(19例)睾丸病理学类型多样化;AZFb+c区或AZFa+b+c区缺失患者(7例)睾丸病理学类型为唯支持细胞综合征或生精阻滞于精原细胞.结论 Y染色体微缺失在我国的发生情况与其他国家大多数报道基本一致,跨区大缺失对精子发生造成严重影响.     

中国人原发无精与严重少精症Y染色体AZF区域微缺失的分子流行病学研究

目的 明确与中国人原发无精和严重少精症密切相关的Y染色体无精症因子(azoospermia factor，AZF)区域微缺失位点及其缺失特点，为开展中国人AZF微缺失基因诊断提供理论依据。方法 采用多重聚合酶链反应技术，针对实验组134例原发无精、118例原发严重少精症患者与对照组210名已正常生育男性，进行AZFa、AZFb、AZFe三个区域共15个序列标签位点(sequence tag site，STS)的微缺失分析。结果 对照组在所有15个STS位点中均未发现缺失，实验组STS位点缺失涉及到13个STS位点，分别是：AZFa区的sY84、sY86，AZFb区的sYl21、sYl23、sYl24、sYl27、sYl34、sYl33，AZFc区的sYl52、sY242、sY254、sY255、sYl57。在5例无精患者中发现AZFa区STS位点缺失，缺失率为2．0％，在7例无精与3例少精患者中发现AZFb区STS位点缺失，缺失率为4．0％，在14例无精与18例少精患者中发现AZFc区STS位点缺失，缺失率为12．7％。统计学分析提示实验组与对照组13个STS位点缺失率差异有极显著性。结论所确定的AZF区域13个STS位点缺失与中国人原发无精和严重少精密切相关，未发现上述STS位点缺失的群体多态现象；中国人原发无精和严重少精症AZF区域微缺失的频率、分布、缺失热区与白人基本一致；所选择的13个STS位点可作为中国人原发无精与严重少精症AZF区域微缺失基因诊断筛查的候选位点。     

不育男性的AZF检测与Y染色体缺失的对照分析

目的探讨精子发生障碍的男性不育患者AZF缺失与Y染色体缺失的临床意义。方法对616例非阻塞性无精子症或少精子症患者进行AZF的检测,同时观察G显带Y染色体的形态。结果从616例患者中检测出48例患者分别为AZFa、AZFb、AZFc或AZFb+AZFc的微缺失,但显微镜下观察不到Y染色体形态改变。另外4例患者经AZF检测,2例为AZFc+sY160缺失,1例为AZFb+AZFc+sY160缺失,1例为AZFa+AZFb+AZFc+sY160缺失,显微镜下发现Yq部分或完全缺失。25例已育男性的G-显带的Y染色体和AZF也进行对照检测,均未发现AZF的缺失,但其中1例核型分析显示Y染色体长臂部分缺失,但PCR检测仅缺失sY160,即Yq12的缺失。结论Yq11.23上7Mb的缺失在细胞水平不能分辨。q11.23+q12的缺失或仅有Yq12的缺失的Y染色体显微镜下不能区分,但后者不是精子发生障碍的病因。对男性不育精子发生障碍患者,要结合细胞遗传学和AZF分子检测综合判断。     

The prognostic role of the extent of Y microdeletion on spermatogenesis and maturity of Sertoli cells

Substantial involvement of the Y chromosome in sexual development and spermatogenesis has been demonstrated. Over the last decade, varying extent of Y chromosome microdeletions have been identified among infertile patients with azoospermia or oligozoospermia. These microdeletions were clustered in three main regions named AZFa, AZFb, and AZFc. Analysis of the Y chromosome microdeletion was found to be of prognostic value in cases of infertility, both in terms of clinical management as well as for understanding the aetiology of the spermatogenesis impairment. However, the accumulated data are difficult to analyse, due to the variable extent of these deletions, the different sequence-tagged sites (STS) used to detect the microdeletions, and the non-uniformity of the histological terminology used by different investigators. This debate discusses the chances of finding testicular spermatozoa in men with a varying extent of Y chromosome microdeletions. The genotype and germ cell findings in men with AZFa microdeletions as well as those that include more than a single AZF region are reviewed, as is the effect of Y chromosome AZF microdeletions on the maturity of the Sertoli cells.     

618例不育男性的AZF基因微缺失分析

目的研究Y染色体AZF基因微缺失与男性不育的关系。方法应用多重PCR对618例男性不育患者进行Y染色体AZF基因的15个位点进行检测。结果一共检出Y染色体微缺失患者23例,占受检人群的3．72％,其中包括16例AZFc全部缺失、3例为AZFb＋c部分／全部缺失、3例为AZFa部分缺失和1例AZFa、AZFb、AZFc和AZFd四个区15个检测位点全部缺失。AZFc全部缺失患者中,中度至重度少精症13例,无精症3例;AZFb部分／全部缺失患者中,严重少弱精1例,无精症2例;AZFa部分缺失患者和15个位点全部缺失患者均为无精症。结论Y染色体AZF基因微缺失是男性不育的重要原因之一,该检测可为患者的诊断、治疗及遗传咨询提供依据。     

200例男性不育患者的Y染色体微缺失检测

目的探讨男性不育患者与Y染色体微缺失之间的关系。方法利用15个Y染色体特异序列标签位点,以多重PCR法检测男性不育患者的Y染色体微缺失情况。结果 200例男性不育患者中共检出Y染色体微缺失7例,缺失率为3.5%。其中单纯A;ZFc缺失2例,缺失率为1%(2/200);A;ZFb缺失率为3例,缺失率为1.5%(3/200);单纯A;ZFa缺失2例,缺失率为1%(2/200),尚未发现联合缺失或大片段缺失患者。精液正常者(对照组)30例未发现Y染色体微缺失。结论 Y染色体微缺失是造成男性不育的常见病因之一。     

Y chromosome microdeletions, in azoospermic or near-azoospermic subjects, are located in the AZFc (DAZ) subregion

Submicroscopic deletions of the Y chromosome and polymorphisms of the androgen receptor (AR) gene in the X chromosome have been observed in men with defective spermatogenesis. To further define the subregions/genes in the Y chromosome causing male infertility and its relationship to polymorphisms of the AR polyglutamine tract, we screened the genomic DNA of 202 subfertile males and 101 healthy fertile controls of predominantly Chinese ethnic origin. Y microdeletions were examined with 16 sequence-tagged site (STS) probes, including the RBM and DAZ genes, spanning the AZFb and AZFc subregions of Yq11, and related to the size of trinucleotide repeat encoding the AR polyglutamine tract. Y microdeletions were detected and confirmed in three out of 44 (6.8%) of azoospermic and three out of 86 (3.5%) severely oligozoospermic patients. No deletions were detected in any of the patients with sperm counts of >0.5 x 10(6)/ml, nor in any of the 101 fertile controls. All six affected patients had almost contiguous Y microdeletions spanning the entire AZFc region including the DAZ gene. The AZFb region, containing the RBM1 gene, was intact in five of the six subjects. Y deletions were not found in those with long AR polyglutamine tracts. Our study, the first in a Chinese population, suggest a cause and effect relationship between Y microdeletions in the AZFc region (possibly DAZ), and azoospermia or near-azoospermia. Y microdeletions and long AR polyglutamine tracts appear to be independent contributors to male infertility.      

Detection of Y chromosome microdeletions in AZF region by liquid chip technology]

OBJECTIVE: To establish a liquid chip technology to detect Y chromosome microdeletions in Chinese infertile males with azoospermia or oligozoospermia. METHODS: Multiplex PCR and liquid chip technology were used to detect the Y chromosome microdeletions in AZF region in 178 infertile patients with azoospermia and 134 infertile patients with oligozoospermia as well as 40 fertile control men. RESULTS: Forty out of 312 patients (12.8%) were found to have deletions in AZF region. The microdeletion frequency was 14%(25/178) in the azoospermic group, 9.6%(11/114) in the oligospermic and 20%(4/20) in the severe oligospermic group. CONCLUSION: The authors developed a high-throughput, fast and simple assay to screen the AZF region microdeletions of Y chromosome.     

Molecular analysis of microdeletions of the Y chromosome in Venezuelan males with idiopathic infertility

Today infertility is a major health problem affecting about 10-20% of couples. A male factor is assumed to be responsible in about 50% of the infertile couples. The origin of reduced testicular sperm function is unknown in about 60-70% of cases. There are several causes of male infertility such as varicocele, spermatic duct obstruction, and endocrine disorders. Micro-deletions in the Yq are known to represent the pathogenic mechanisms for infertile males. Three different non-overlapping regions designated as AZFa, AZFb, and AZFc are located in interval 5-6 of Yq, and are associated with impaired spermatogenesis in humans. To determine the prevalence of Y chromosomal microdeletions in Venezuelan males with idiopathic infertility, chromosomal, seminal, histological and molecular analyses were carried out in 29 Venezuelan males with idiopathic azoospermia or oligoospermia. Y-microdeletions analyses were performed using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique with 22 sequences-tagged-sites (STSs). One of 29 patients (3.4%) had Yq microdeletions on AZFc. The frequency of AZF microdeletions in Venezuelan patients was similar to other populations with different ethnical or geographical origin.     

COMMENTS

Human spermatogenesis is regulated by a network of genes located on autosomes and on sex chromosomes, but especially on the Y chromosome. Most results concerning the germ cell function of the Y genes were obtained by genomic breakpoint mapping studies of the Y chromosome of infertile patients. Although this approach has the benefit of focussing on those Y regions that contain most likely the Y genes of functional importance, its major drawback is the fact that fertile control samples were often missing. In fertile men, molecular and cytogenetic analyses of the Y chromosome has revealed highly polymorphic chromatin domains especially in the distal euchromatic part (Yq11.23) and in the heterochromatic part (Yq12) of the long arm. In sterile patients cytogenetic analyses mapped microscopically visible Y deletions and rearrangements in the same polymorphic Y regions. The presence of a Y chromosomal spermatogenesis locus was postulated to be located in Yq11.23 and designated as AZoospermia Factor (ZF). More recently, molecular deletion mapping in Yq11 has revealed a series of microdeletions that could be mapped to one of three different AZF loci: AZFa in proximal Yq11 (Yq11.21), AZFb and AZFc in two non‐overlapping Y‐regions in distal Yq11 (Yq11.23). This view was supported by the observation that AZFa and AZFb microdeletions were associated with a specific pathology in the patients' testis tissue. Only AZFc deletions were associated with a variable testicular pathology and in rare cases AZFc deletions were even found inherited from father to son. However, AZFc deletions were found with a frequency of 10–20% only in infertile men and most of them were proved to be “de novo”, i.e. the AZFc deletion was restricted to the patient's Y chromosome. Based mainly on positional cloning experiments of testis cDNA clones and on the Y chromosomal sequence now published in GenBank, a first blueprint for the putative gene content of the AZFc locus can now be given and the gene location compared to the polymorphic DNA domains. This artwork of repetitive sequence blocks called AZFc amplicons raised the question whether the AZFc chromatin is still part of the heterochromatic domain of the Y long arm well known for its polymorphic extensions or is decondensed and part of the Yq11.23 euchromatin? We discuss also the polymorphic DAZ gene family and disclose putative origins of its molecular heterogeneity in fertile and infertile men recently identified by the analyses of Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) in this AZFc gene locus.     

Polymorphic DAZ gene family in polymorphic structure of AZFc locus: Artwork or functional for human spermatogenesis?

Human spermatogenesis is regulated by a network of genes located on autosomes and on sex chromosomes, but especially on the Y chromosome. Most results concerning the germ cell function of the Y genes were obtained by genomic breakpoint mapping studies of the Y chromosome of infertile patients. Although this approach has the benefit of focussing on those Y regions that contain most likely the Y genes of functional importance, its major drawback is the fact that fertile control samples were often missing. In fertile men, molecular and cytogenetic analyses of the Y chromosome has revealed highly polymorphic chromatin domains especially in the distal euchromatic part (Yq11.23) and in the heterochromatic part (Yq12) of the long arm. In sterile patients cytogenetic analyses mapped microscopically visible Y deletions and rearrangements in the same polymorphic Y regions. The presence of a Y chromosomal spermatogenesis locus was postulated to be located in Yq11.23 and designated as AZoospermia Factor (ZF). More recently, molecular deletion mapping in Yq11 has revealed a series of microdeletions that could be mapped to one of three different AZF loci: AZFa in proximal Yq11 (Yq11.21), AZFb and AZFc in two non-overlapping Y-regions in distal Yq11 (Yq11.23). This view was supported by the observation that AZFa and AZFb microdeletions were associated with a specific pathology in the patients' testis tissue. Only AZFc deletions were associated with a variable testicular pathology and in rare cases AZFc deletions were even found inherited from father to son. However, AZFc deletions were found with a frequency of 10-20% only in infertile men and most of them were proved to be "de novo", i.e. the AZFc deletion was restricted to the patient's Y chromosome. Based mainly on positional cloning experiments of testis cDNA clones and on the Y chromosomal sequence now published in GenBank, a first blueprint for the putative gene content of the AZFc locus can now be given and the gene location compared to the polymorphic DNA domains. This artwork of repetitive sequence blocks called AZFc amplicons raised the question whether the AZFc chromatin is still part of the heterochromatic domain of the Y long arm well known for its polymorphic extensions or is decondensed and part of the Yq11.23 euchromatin? We discuss also the polymorphic DAZ gene family and disclose putative origins of its molecular heterogeneity in fertile and infertile men recently identified by the analyses of Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) in this AZFc gene locus.     

105例无精子、少精子症患者Y染色体AZF区微镍失检测的研究

目的 探讨中国人群无精子、少精子症患者常规6个STS位点检测Y染色体AZF基因微缺失的情况。方法 选取EAA和EMQN推荐的常规6个Y染色体特异性序列标签位点，经2组多重PCR对76例无精子症和29例少精子症男性患者进行Y染色体AZFa、AZFb和AZFc区微缺失检测。其中，8例无精子症患者还同时进行了G带染色体核型分析、荧光Q-显带等细胞遗传学检测。结果 105例患者经6个STS位点检测发现AZF区微缺失9例。其中AZFc（SY254，SY255）缺失7例，AZFb（SY127，SY134）＋AZFc（SY254，SY255）缺失2例，未发现AZFa缺失。复合微缺失及其它6例未检出微缺失的患者同时经细胞遗传学分析，发现4例染色体结构异常。2例复合微缺失患者分别为Y等臂染色体：46，X，idic（Y）（q11．2）、X和Y等臂染色体的嵌合体：45，X[19]／46，X，idic（Y）（q11．2）；1例为Y染色体长臂部分失：46，X．del（Y）（q11．2）；另1例为Y染色体部分片段复制至15号染色体：46，XY，der（15）t（Y；15）（q11．2；p11．1）。根据细胞遗传学结果，重新设计STS检测位点，发现Y染色体长臂部分缺失患者存在AZFc（SY243，SY158）的缺失。结论 Y染色体AZF微缺失的检测是临床判断无精子、少精子症患者是否遗传因素的重要手段。但传统的6个STS位点检测在中国人群中应用尚需进一步验证。同时做细胞遗传学分析对疾病的准确诊断会有很大帮助。     

Microdeletions in the Y chromosome in cases of male infertility in a population of West Bengal

IntroductionInfertility is a burning problem in gynecological, andrological, endocrine and genetic practice. Of the myriad factors responsible for male infertility, which may be manifested as oligozoospermia or azoospermia, the exact causes of the latter are still unknown or debatable. Among the known parameters, the occurrence of microdeletions in the long arm of the Y chromosome are of great importance, as they have been consistently associated with defects in spermatogenesis. The microdeletions of the Y chromosome have been mapped to three regions in interval 6 named azoospermia factor regions (AZF), AZFa, AZFb and AZFc.MethodsIn the present study 80 males suffering from oligozoospermia or azoospermia were taken from both rural and urban infertility clinics and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of DNA from blood samples using a total of 11 STS primers. These primers correspond to different segments of the AZF regions (AZFa, AZFb and AZFc) and are known as Sequence Tagged Sites (STS). This was followed by agar gel electrophoresis to look for deletions in the AZF regions corresponding to the STF primers.ResultThese tests were able to detect microdeletions in the long arm of the Y chromosome in 4 patients.DiscussionIn majority of patients PCR detects no abnormality but in cases having microdeletions, appropriate advice could be given to the patients. These patients were told to avoid the use of their sperm in assisted reproduction procedures and accept the use of donor sperm or adoption procedures as a solution to their problems of infertility.     

Ultrastructural sperm study in infertile males with microdeletions of Y chromosome

A retrospective study to detect specific Y chromosome microdeletions and to evaluate sperm ultrastructural characteristics in infertile men was set up. We selected 219 infertile men referred to Regional Referral Center for Male Infertility, Siena, Italy for semen analysis from January 1999 to April 2004. Family history, lymphocyte karyotype determination, Y microdeletion screening, physical examination, hormonal assays, semen analysis were carried out. Sperm concentration and progressive motility, ultrastructural analysis of sperm organelles, PCR amplification of sequence tagged sites for Y microdeletion screening were performed. Different Y-chromosome deletions were found, mainly in the AZFb and AZFc regions. Severe alterations of sperm ultrastructure, affecting whole sperm population, were detected in carriers of Y-deletions. Our data confirms the highest frequency of Y deletions in azoospermic patients. In all other patients with Y microdeletions, sperm ultrastructural defects affected the whole sperm population and were mainly related to apoptosis or immaturity.     

Klinefelter综合征患者Y染色体AZF微缺失分析

目的观察Klinefelter综合征患者Y染色体AZF微缺失发生情况。方法12例Klinefelter综合征患者ICSI/IVF等辅助受孕前进行睾丸细针穿刺吸液细胞学检查及Y染色体AZF微缺失分析。确定8个实验用序列标签位点（STS）,分别是：sY84、sY86、sY127、sY134、sY152、sY153、sY254、sY255,并以X/Y连锁锌指蛋白基因（ZFX/Y）为内对照进行多重PCR筛查AZF微缺失。结果睾丸细针穿刺吸液细胞学检查显示,3例（25.0%,3/12）可见到极少量形态较完整的精子及各级生精细胞、精子细胞,7例（58.3%,7/12）仅见少量生精细胞及精子细胞,2例（16.7%,2/12）仅见支持细胞,未见生精细胞及精子。12例Klinefelter综合征患者共检测出AZF微缺失2例分别为AZFa＋AZFc区缺失和AZFb＋AZFc区缺失;对照组32例样本未检出AZF基因微缺失。KS患者AZF微缺失检出率与对照组比较有显著差异（χ^2=5.587,P=0.018）。结论Klinefelter综合征患者存在Y染色体长臂AZF微缺失,缺失率为16.7%。