电话随访对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我效能感的影响

目的探讨电话随访对出院慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者自我效能感的影响。方法将60例出院COPD患者随机分为对照组和观察组各30例,对照组行常规出院指导,嘱其定期复诊;观察组在上述基础上,由专人于患者出院后3～7d、14～20d参照COPD患者自我效能感指标(COPD Self-efficacy Scale,CSES)进行2次电话随访。采用CSES评价效果。结果观察组CSES中体力活动、情绪波动维度及CSES总分显著高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论电话随访护理能有效增加COPD患者的自我效能感。     

电话随访对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我效能感的影响

目的探讨电话随访对出院慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）患者自我效能感的影响。方法将60例出院COPD患者随机分为对照组和观察组各30例,对照组行常规出院指导,嘱其定期复诊;观察组在上述基础上,由专人于患者出院后3～7d、14～20d参照COPD患者自我效能感指标（COPD Self-efficacy Scale,CSES）进行2次电话随访。采用CSES评价效果。结果观察组CSES中体力活动、情绪波动维度及CSES总分显著高于对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论电话随访护理能有效增加COPD患者的自我效能感。     

远程护理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者症状及远程照护感知的影响

目的 探讨远程护理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者症状及远程护理感知的影响.方法 将256例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者随机分为研究组和对照组各128例,对照组给予常规护理,研究组在常规护理基础上,给予远程护理指导.比较两组患者干预前及干预8周后的慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试评分,同时采用远程照护感知问卷对研究组患者进行调查.结果 干预后,...     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者非住院期间用药状况调查

目的对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者非住院期间用药状况进行调查．为提高患者用药依从性及用药安全提供依据。方法采用自设问卷对100例（COPD患者进行问卷调查。结果COPD患者服用最多的药物为抗生素、祛痰、止喘药等．84．0％患者在家能遵医嘱服药．77．0％自患者出现症状自行服药．40．0％患者服药前仔细阅读药物说明书．47．0％患者定期检查药品有效期．51．0％患者用药过程中出现问题时会主动寻求医护人员帮助。结论COPD患者对用药知识了解不全面．存在服药安全隐患。需加强对患者及其照顾者用药知识教育．使其掌握用药自我管理知识．合理正确用药。     

68例慢性阻塞性肺疾病护理体会

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的护理方法.方法:对68例COPD患者在给予抗感染、化痰、平喘等综合治基础上,同时实施基础护理、营养指导、心理护理、合理氧疗、呼吸道护理、呼吸功能锻炼等针对性的护理干预.结果:64例经治疗和护理后咳嗽、咯痰、呼吸困难均较前减轻,病情好转出院,有效率94.1％.结论:对COPD患者给予合理的治疗以及护理措施能有效控制呼吸道感染,改善肺心功能,从而控制病情发展,提高患者生活质量.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我管理的研究进展

阐述了自我管理的定义、理论基础及慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我管理的主要任务,描述了目前我国慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者自我管理主要存在的问题,并提出了相应的干预对策。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者出院准备评估表的构建

目的 研制COPD患者出院准备评估表,为形成个性化COPD患者出院准备方案,完善出院准备流程提供参考.方法 通过文献分析、Meta分析、质性研究、德尔菲专家函询及预调查制订COPD患者出院准备评估表.结果 3轮专家函询的有效问卷回收率分别为80.0％、100.0％、100.0％,专家的权威系数为0.838、0.860、...     

稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的家庭护理干预

目的提高稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者治疗依从性及生活质量。方法将60例稳定期COPD患者随机分为对照组和干预组各30例，出院前对两组患者发放健康教育资料并进行健康指导，午预组在此基础上，对患者进行戒烟、心理支持、运动训练、营养指导等家庭护理干预。比较两组干预前后患者的临床症状、生活厦量、治疗依从性及肺功能改善情况。结果干预后干预组临床症状及生命质量评分显著低于对照组，而治疗依从性显著高于对照组（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论家庭护理干预能显著提高稳定期COPD患者对疾病的认识程度，对延缓其肺功能下降和提高生活质量有积极的作用。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的远程护理干预

目的探讨远程护理干预对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者康复的影响。方法将符合纳入标准的83例COPD患者随机分为对照组42例和干预组41例,在患者出院后3个月内,对照组接受常规护理随诊,干预组在此基础上运用电话、QQ和邮件方式对患者实施远程护理干预。结果干预组患者出院后呼吸困难评分及症状严重程度评分显著低于对照组,3个月内再入院率显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论对出院后COPD患者实施远程护理干预,可有效改善其病情与症状,效果优于常规方法。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者冬病夏治的护理

目的探讨药物穴位贴敷治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的护理方法。方法对300例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者进行穴位贴敷，同时对患者进行辨证施护。结果连续坚持3个疗程后，临床控制51例（17．0％），显效93例（31．0％），有效102例（34．0％），无效54例（18．0％），总有效率82．0％。结论穴位贴敷治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病临床效果显著。配合辨证施护避免了皮肤感染等并发症，提高了患者治疗依从性。     

Epidural morphine for postoperative pain relief in children

Epidural morphine for postoperative pain relief is in general use, and has proved to be very efficient in adults. The epidural technique and the use of epidural morphine are much less frequent in children. For 2 years we have prospectively followed 76 children who had epidural morphine for postoperative pain relief after major abdominal surgery. The age distribution was from newborn to 13 years, with a median age of 12 months. It was estimated that 94% of the patients had good analgesia for the first 24 postoperative hours and no other opioids were given. The side effects were few, but one case of respiratory depression was seen and 20% of the children had pruritus. There were four dural punctures and three catheters slipped out accidentally, but otherwise the treatment was continued as long as it was considered necessary (1–11 days). The use of postoperative ventilatory support decreased during the investigation. We observed a change in the sleeping pattern with an increased number of sleep–induced myoclonia during the administration of epidural morphine. In conclusion, the use of epidural morphine in children for postoperative pain relief is very efficient. The minimal effective dose has not been established as yet, but 50 Hg/kg every 8 h, supplemented with small doses of bupivacaine, provides excellent analgesia in the immediate postoperative period after major abdominal surgery. The side effects are few, but the risk of respiratory depression is always present and observation in the intensive care unit or recovery for the first 24 h is strongly recommended.     

The efficacy of intravenous or peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine for postoperative pain relief in children following adenotonsillectomy

BACKGROUND: A few previous studies have suggested the efficacy of i.v. ketamine for postoperative pain relief in children after adenotonsillectomy, but none has investigated the efficacy of peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine in these children. METHODS: This randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluated the effects of peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Ninety ASA I-II children were randomized three groups of 30 each. Group I received: 2 ml i.v. saline, group II received i.v. ketamine (0.5 mgxkg(-1)) and group III received a local peritonsillar infiltration of ketamine (0.5 mgxkg(-1)). All medications were 2 ml in volume which was applied 1 ml per tonsil 3 min prior to tonsillectomy. Modified Hannallah pain scale [observational pain scores (OPS)], nausea, vomiting, bleeding, rescue analgesia, sedation and Aldrete scores were recorded at first, 15th, 30th and 60th min postoperatively. Patients were interviewed on the day after surgery to assess the postoperative pain, nightmares, hallucinations, vomiting and bleeding. RESULTS: Group I had higher OPS scores than group II and group III. Group II and group III had comparable scores, which were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Group II had higher sedation score at 15th min (P = 0.015). Thirty-two children, 19 of whom were in group I had rescue analgesia in postanesthesia care unit (P < 0.05) and the time to first analgesic requirement was significantly shorter in group I than the other groups (P = 0.006). Group II and group III also had less pain than group I at home (P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Low dose ketamine given i.v. or by peritonsillar infiltration perioperatively provides efficient pain relief without side-effects in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.     

Caudal analgesia with buprenorphine for postoperative pain relief in children

Caudal buprenorphine was investigated as a postoperative analgesic in a randomized double blind study in thirty children aged 5–12 years undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb surgery. Comparison was made between two groups of patients, one group receiving plain bupivacaine and the other a combination of plain bupivacaine with buprenorphine. Postoperative analgesia was assessed using a linear analogue scale, and by the response to direct questioning of children using an illustration of sequence of faces. Any untoward side effects and the need for additional analgesics were recorded. The degree and duration of analgesia was far superior in the buprenorphine group and there was a highly significant difference in the requirement of postoperative analgesia between the two groups. There were no major adverse side effects and no motor weakness in either groups, however the incidence of nausea and vomiting was higher in the buprenorphine group. It is concluded that a combination of bupivacaine with buprenorphine administered through the caudal epidural space is a safe and reliable means of providing postoperative pain relief in children for up to 24 h.     

缓解婴幼儿术后疼痛的家庭照护质性研究

目的 探讨家庭照护对缓解婴幼儿术后疼痛的作用,为护理人员制定以家庭为中心的疼痛管理方案提供依据.方法 采用目的 抽样法抽取上海某儿童专科医院外科病房12个术后婴幼儿家庭,由观察者对术后6 h内婴幼儿家庭照顾全程进行观察记录,采用内容分析法分析获得的资料.结果 共提炼3个主题:家庭照护者采用视觉、听觉、触觉、味觉、运动觉等多种感觉刺激法,缓解婴幼儿术后疼痛;角色分配、情感支持、沟通交流、解决问题等家庭功能在术后患儿照顾过程中起着重要的作用;患儿家长选择性接受医疗护理措施,避免对术后患儿的负面影响.结论 家庭照护在缓解婴幼儿术后疼痛中起主导性作用.护理人员应提供以家庭为中心的护理,根据患儿和家长的需求,选择适当的时机进行健康教育和专业照顾.     

A comparison of intravenous ketoprofen with pethidine for postoperative pain relief following nasal surgery

A controlled investigation was conducted to compare the efficacy of ketoprofen and pethidine in relief of postoperative pain after nasal surgery. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to receive intravenous ketoprofen 1.5 mg.ml-1 or pethidine 1 mg.kg-1 during induction of anaesthesia. Appearance, pain and headache were assessed 1, 2, and 4 h postoperatively, and the following morning. The use of ketoprofen was associated with a significantly faster recovery from anaesthesia (P less than 0.001), and a more rapid return to calm awakening (P less than 0.05). Patients who received ketoprofen had significantly lower pain and headache scores (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001, respectively), and required significantly (P less than 0.05) less postoperative analgesia. No significant difference in incidence and severity of postoperative nausea or vomiting was found between the two groups at any time. A single intravenous dose of ketoprofen during anaesthesia may offer an advantage compared to pethidine in reducing postoperative pain following nasal surgery.     

Topical wound anaesthesia in children--a temporary postoperative pain relief

BACKGROUND: Administration of local anaesthetics into the surgical wound may modulate pain at the peripheral level. A previous study in adults has shown good analgesic effects of topical lidocaine in wounds after herniorrhaphy. METHODS: Postoperative pain relief after topical administration of 10% lidocaine aerosol in the surgical wound was investigated in a randomised, double-blind study in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair. Forty-four patients aged between 9 months and 11 years were randomised into three groups. One group received active treatment with a lidocaine aerosol 2.5-4.7 mg kg-1, one group received a placebo aerosol and one control group was untreated. Postoperative pain was evaluated by nurse assessment, self-assessment and wound palpation 0, 1, 4 and 12 h after arrival in the recovery room. RESULTS: After 1 h the incidence of pain, as estimated by behavioural assessment and self-assessment, was significantly reduced in the lidocaine group in comparison to the placebo group, but not in comparison to the control group. The reaction on wound palpation was significantly reduced in the lidocaine group compared to both the placebo and control groups. At 0, 4 and 12 h no significant differences between the groups were observed. Plasma lidocaine concentrations were measured in six patients. Maximum individual concentrations were low, ranging from 0.17 to 0.86 microgram ml-1. CONCLUSION: A very short and clinically insignificant pain relief is obtained following the administration of a lidocaine aerosol in the surgical wound. A low pain level in this model may limit the possibility to detect an effect of lidocaine.     

Lack of postoperative pain relief after hysterectomy using preperitoneally administered bupivacaine

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It is well known that wound infiltration with local anesthetic can reduce postoperative pain in various degrees and with very few side effects. A previous study showed better analgesic effect when local anesthetic was applied in the subfascial, rather than the subcutaneous, layer. The present study investigated the effect of frequent bolus injections of bupivacaine (15 mL 2.5 mg/mL) preperitoneally through catheters placed intraoperatively in women who had undergone hysterectomy. METHODS: Postoperative pain and analgesic requirements were studied in a double-blind randomized trial including 41 patients. During surgery, the patients were randomized to one of two groups, and the investigators were blinded. Prior to closure of the peritoneum, the surgeon placed a catheter between the muscle layer and the peritoneum on each side of the wound. One group (n = 22) received bupivacaine (15 mL 2.5 mg/mL) every 4 hours for 48 hours via each catheter starting in the operating room. The placebo group (n = 19) received saline in a like manner. Postoperative pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) and verbal rating scale (VRS) twice a day for 2 days at rest and on movement. Requirements of supplementary analgesics were monitored, as was wound infection after discharge. RESULTS: Bupivacaine administered preperitoneally did not improve analgesia at rest, during coughing, or during mobilization compared with saline. No difference between the groups was found regarding analgesic requirements. No complications of postoperative wound healing or toxic side effects were seen. CONCLUSION: Bolus injections of bupivacaine through intraoperative placed catheters did not improve analgesia postoperatively compared with saline injections.