24例早期梅毒被误诊临床分析

目的 了解早期梅毒误诊情况，探讨误诊原因。方法 对误诊的24例早期梅毒进行临床分析，并进行梅毒血清学检查。结果 一期梅毒易误诊为软下疳、生殖器疱疹、脓皮病等，女性还易误诊为急性女阴溃疡；二期梅毒斑疹及斑丘疹皮损易误诊为过敏性皮炎、玫瑰糠疹等；鳞屑性丘疹易误诊为银屑病；扁平湿疣易误诊为尖锐湿疣等。结论 对早期梅毒采用暗视野梅毒螺旋体(TP)检查和快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(PPR)，可提高诊断质量，降低误诊几率。     

男性梅毒的误诊分析与提示

目的:分析研究男性梅毒的误诊情况及原因。方法:选择近年资料完整的35例男性患者,分析研究其病史、临床表现、实验室检查及治疗经过;对首诊误诊的15例梅毒进行了误诊分析。结果:一期梅毒男性易误诊为生殖器疱疹、疥疮结节等;二期梅毒斑疹及斑丘疹皮损易误诊为过敏性皮炎、玫瑰糠疹等;鳞屑性丘疹易误诊为银屑病;扁平湿疣易误诊为尖锐湿疣等。结论:病史、临床表现和快速血浆反应素环状长片试验(RPR)可以快速准确地诊断一、二期梅毒,青霉素(或头孢类抗生素)疗效最可靠。     

儿童后天二期梅毒2例

报告2例儿童后天二期梅毒,患儿分别为女6岁,男5岁,具有典型二期梅毒皮疹,掌跖、躯干、头皮鳞屑性红斑、肛周扁平湿疣,近卫淋巴结肿大,口腔内黏膜白斑。梅毒血清学检查TPPA(+),RPR1∶64(+);TPPA(+),RPR1∶32(+)。其父母TPPA和RPR均阴性。诊断儿童后天二期梅毒。经长效青霉素连续肌注3次后皮疹基本消失,留少许色素沉着斑。     

荧光PCR在早期梅毒患者诊断中的应用

目的探讨荧光PCR在早期梅毒诊断中的应用价值。方法应用FL-PCR方法检测40例一、二期梅毒患者皮损中梅毒螺旋体DNA,与传统的血清学TRUST和TPPA方法的检测结果进行比较。结果一期梅毒硬下疳损害中梅毒螺旋体DNA的检出率100.00%,血清TRUST阳性率为59.09%,TPPA阳性率为81.82%;二期梅毒扁平湿疣损害中梅毒螺旋体DNA的检出率100.00%,以斑疹和丘疹表现的二期梅毒疹中梅毒螺旋体DNA的检出率为60.00%,TRUST和TPPA法检测阳性率均为100.00%。结论荧光PCR法在一期梅毒诊断中有极高特异性和敏感性,可作为一期梅毒早期诊断的依据,二期梅毒诊断血清学方法优于荧光定量PCR法。     

幼儿肛周扁平湿疣误诊为尖锐湿疣1例

患儿,女,28个月。肛周扁平丘疹2月,无自觉症状,实验室检查:梅毒螺旋体凝集试验(TPPA)阳性,快速血浆反应素试验(RPR)1∶128,祖父祖母TPPA均为阳性,RPR均为1∶8,父母梅毒血清学检查结果均阴性,诊断为获得性二期梅毒(肛周扁平湿疣)。予苄星青霉素60万u/周治疗,3周后皮损基本消退,一月后患儿RPR降至1∶8。     

80例梅毒的临床分析

梅毒是最常见的性传播疾病之一,由苍白螺旋体感染引起,近年来梅毒的发病有明显上升趋势。现将我院皮肤性病科1996年至1999年80例梅毒的临床分析情况报告如下:临床资料:80例梅毒均经临床症状及RPR血清试验确诊。其中男性42例,女性38例,62例(77.5％)有婚外性生活史,均为一期、二期及早期潜伏梅毒,未发现晚期梅毒患者。一期梅毒28例、二期梅毒44例,在二期梅毒中,玫瑰诊15例、丘疹鳞屑性梅毒疹6例,掌跖脱屑性斑疹20例、扁平湿疣3例、潜伏梅毒8例。患者按年龄分5个年龄组,其中18—20岁2例,21—30     

儿童获得性梅毒20例临床分析

目的了解儿童获得性梅毒的临床表现、传播途径及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2003年1月-2013年1月诊治的20例儿童获得性梅毒的临床资料。结果 20例患儿均为二期梅毒。19例患儿均有与现症梅毒患者密切接触史,20例患儿RPR和TPPA均(+),其皮损表现为外阴、肛周扁平湿疣,躯干、四肢、掌跖铜红色斑疹,头部虫蚀状脱发,齿龈、舌黏膜白斑。11例患儿被误诊为其他皮肤病。结论儿童获得性梅毒皮损表现与成人二期梅毒相似,未出现心血管梅毒,但临床易被误诊,传播途径主要是与梅毒患者的密切接触。     

早期梅毒误诊39例临床及病理分析

目的 了解梅毒误诊情况及原因,探讨组织病理学在梅毒诊断中的意义。方法对首诊误诊４ ３９例早期梅毒进行了临床分析,其中１２例做了组织病理学检查。结果 一期梅毒男性易误诊为软下疳,生殖器疱疹,疥疮结节等,女性易误诊为急性女阴溃疡,软下疳等;二期梅毒斑疹及斑丘疹皮损易误诊为过敏性皮炎,玫瑰糠疹等     

二期梅毒误诊3例分析

对本院接诊 3例院外误诊的二期梅毒病人情况详细分析 ,以减少误诊。二期梅毒多以玫瑰疹、毛囊疹、丘疹鳞屑、脓疱疹、溃疡疹、肛周及外生殖器扁平湿疣、虫蚀样脱发、口腔粘膜损害等表现。而以多形性红斑、皮肤白斑为首发症状者少见。二期梅毒皮损具有多样性 ,医生对无明显诱因表现为各种皮损的患者 ,应及时做梅毒血清学检查 ,以防误诊     

误诊为阴囊湿疹的扁平湿疣1例

报告1例误诊为阴囊湿疹的扁平湿疣。患者男,75岁,因"阴囊扁平丘疹无痛痒2月"就诊。体检:阴囊可见密集紫红色扁平丘疹,部分融合,表面糜烂,肛周可见多个黄豆至花生米大小暗红色、浅红色境界清楚的扁平丘疹。组织病理:鳞状上皮增生伴浅表糜烂,真皮浅层血管扩张,真皮大量单一核细胞为主的炎性细胞浸润。实验室检查TPPA阳性,TRUST 1∶128阳性,HIV阴性。结合临床表现、血清学检查以及皮肤病理活检,诊断为二期梅毒、扁平湿疣。     

Clinical Survey of Syphilis at the Dermatological Clinic of Nippon Medical School Hospital from 1984 to 1988, with Special Reference to the Recent Clinical Manifestations and Evaluation of IgM Antibodies to Treponema pallidum

One hundred eighty-one patients with syphilis were seen from May 1, 1984, to April 30, 1988 at the Dermatological Clinic of Nippon Medical School Hospital. The incidence of syphilis has increased gradually year by year. The number of early infectious syphilis cases was almost twice as high as late latent syphilis ones. As a source of infection, female prostitutes were noteworthy. Among primary syphilis cases, multiple chancres were observed in 29.2%. The frequency of ulcus durum was much higher than initial sclerosis. A relationship with oral sex is suggested. Among secondary syphilis cases, pruritus was observed in 23.9%, prominently on volar lesions. Psoriasiform papular and macular syphilide were the commonest features. Secondary syphilis with persisting chancres were seen in 41.3% and is gradually increasing. JH reactions were observed in 26.3%. The frequency was highest in late primary and in early secondary stages. IgM-TPHA and IgG-TPHA were tested in 94 sera by gel-filtration and 77 by HPLC. IgM-TPHA tests were reactive in virtually all the sera from untreated syphilis cases. The titres in untreated syphilis were higher than in treated cases. IgM-TPHA/IgM-TPHA+IgG-TPHA was higher in early syphilis than in late syphilis. Fifty-eight untreated cases were tested at frequent intervals after treatment for up to 12 months. IgM antibodies disappeared in 53 patients within 12 months. Non-treponemal antibodies measured by the CF test disappeared within 15 patients and TPHA tests remained positive after 12 months in all patients. IgM-TPHA may support a diagnosis of active syphilis.     

二期梅毒较少见的皮肤损害

二期梅毒皮疹以形态多样著称,其中斑疹最常见,其次是丘疹、斑丘疹和丘疹鳞屑性损害。偶可表现为结节样、银屑病样、脓疱型、环状、湿疹样,或表现为脱发、甲病变、口腔黏膜斑等。了解二期梅毒较少见的皮肤损害类型,详细询问病史和性接触史,仔细检查皮损,做梅毒血清试验,必要时进行皮肤组织病理检查,可最大程度地避免误诊和漏诊。     

梅毒螺旋体特异性抗体对梅毒早期诊断和治疗的评价

目的：为评价梅毒血清特异性抗体在梅毒早期诊断及治疗后的意义。方法：采用蛋白印迹法(Western blottinG,WB)、快速血浆反应素(RPR)试验、梅毒颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)3种方法．对67例梅毒及其中经治疗后随诊18～24个月的21例患者作血清检测。对5年来诊治的临床一期、二期梅毒血清抗体的变化进行分析。结果：20例一期梅毒WB检测出现不同抗体谱条带,其中均有相对分子质量为47000的条带,RPR试验及TPPA部分为阴性。经治疗后随诊18-24个月的21例梅毒患者．18个月内检测时WB9．52％阴转,24个月时28．57％阴转;TPPA阴转的情况同WB;RPR滴度随疗后时间的增加而逐渐下降．6个月内28．57％阴转,24个月85．71％阴转：结论：相对分子质量为47000、17000的条带对早期梅毒的诊断既敏感又特异：部分一期和二期梅毒患者在经过有效治疗后2年,梅毒抗体可以完全消失;RPR试验可用于梅毒治疗期间的疗效判定。     

An evaluation of the relative sensitivities of the venereal disease research laboratory test and the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination test among patients diagnosed with primary syphilis

BACKGROUND: Because definitive methods for diagnosing primary syphilis are limited, it is important to optimize the sensitivity of serodiagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the most sensitive testing approach to the diagnosis of primary syphilis, using the commonly available serologic tests: the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test and the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) test. METHODS: Sensitivities of 2 serologic testing strategies for primary syphilis were compared among 106 darkfield-confirmed cases treated in San Francisco from January 2002 through December 2004. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the diagnostic strategy using VDRL confirmed by TP-PA was 71% (95% CI, 61%-79%). Substituting Rapid Plasma Reagin test for VDRL in a subset of 51 patients produced the same sensitivity (71%; 95% CI, 56%-83%). The sensitivity of TP-PA as the first-line diagnostic test was 86% (95% CI, 78%-92%). The sensitivity of the former approach was significantly lower among HIV-positive patients, compared with HIV-negative patients (55% vs. 77%, P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The TP-PA test as the first-line diagnostic test yielded higher sensitivity for primary syphilis than did the use of the currently recommended strategy.     

苍白螺旋体镀银染色检查在一期梅毒诊断中的应用

目的:探讨梅毒螺旋体镀银染色检查在一期梅毒实验诊断中的意义。方法:对37例一期梅毒患者分别采用梅毒螺旋体镀银染色、墨汁负染及暗视野检查3种方法对比检查,同时作快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)、梅毒螺旋体血凝试验(TPHA)检测梅毒螺旋体抗体。结果:镀银染色法检查梅毒螺旋体的阳性率高,与墨汁负染法、暗视野检查法的结果比较,其差异有显著性(P<0.05)。镀银染色层次清楚,螺旋体易被着色辨认。结论:梅毒螺旋体镀银染色检查是一期梅毒实验室诊断的有效方法之一。     

Detection of Treponema pallidum by a fluorescent monoclonal antibody test

Definitive diagnosis of early syphilis currently requires dark-field microscopy and/or a newly reactive serologic test for syphilis. The efficacy of dark-field microscopy depends on the availability of a microscope, the skill of the clinician in obtaining a specimen, and the expertise of the microscopist. Serologic diagnosis may be affected by the delay between the appearance of the primary chancre and the onset of serologic reactivity. We used a pathogen-specific fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody to examine lesion exudates from 128 consecutive patients and compared these data with results of dark-field microscopy, the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test, and the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed (FTA-Abs) test. The monoclonal antibody test demonstrated Treponema pallidum in 48 (73%) of 66 patients with infectious syphilis, while dark-field microscopy was positive for 52 (79%) of 66 patients. None of 62 patients without syphilis was positive by either test. The FTA-Abs test was reactive for 61 patients (92%) of the 66 with infectious syphilis. Thus the fluorescent monoclonal antibody test for detection of T. pallidum in direct smears is as sensitive and specific as dark-field microscopy for the diagnosis of infectious syphilis. It has the potential to provide a convenient, accurate means for definitive diagnosis of genital ulcer disease by health care personnel without ready access to dark-field microscopy.     

An epidemiological study of syphilis incognito, an emerging public health problem in Greece

BACKGROUND: Syphilis incognito is a subtype of latent syphilis (early or late) characterized by no signs or symptoms of primary or secondary syphilis and diagnosed by positive serologic results for syphilis during routine screening. OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiological characteristics, causes, and implications of syphilis incognito in Greece. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All new adult patients diagnosed as having syphilis in Andreas Sygros Hospital for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Athens, Greece, from 1989 through 1996 were studied prospectively and retrospectively (history, physical examination, serologic tests, cerebrospinal fluid examination, and imaging) to determine the stage of their disease. The epidemiological, clinical, and serologic characteristics of patients with syphilis incognito were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: During the 8-year period, 711 new syphilis cases were detected; of these, 480 cases (67.5%) fulfilled the definition criteria of syphilis incognito. The male-female ratio was 1.8:1. Patients with syphilis incognito were most commonly heterosexual, had a median socioeconomic status, and were aged 20 to 39 years, and their conditions were diagnosed during routine screening for syphilis (prenatal care, hospital admission, or blood donation). However, the number of syphilis incognito cases appeared to decline during the period studied. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of syphilis in Greece has decreased dramatically, following the trends in western Europe. The most common form of syphilis is syphilis incognito, affecting adults who are older and have a higher socioeconomic status than those in the past. Improved hygiene and wide use of antibiotics that minimize or abolish symptoms of early disease may have contributed to the frequency of syphilis incognito in recent years. Screening of asymptomatic persons, especially those at high risk, should continue and be reenforced to prevent the devastating consequences of unrecognized and untreated syphilis.     

19S-IgM-TPPA试验诊断先天梅毒评价

目的:评价血清19S-IgM-梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(19S-IgM-TPPA)诊断早期先天梅毒的应用价值,以指导临床实践。方法:以2003年3月-2006年2月期间符合纳入标准的156例婴儿为研究对象,对他们进行血清19S-IgM-TPPA试验,并随访至明确诊断。以回顾诊断为标准。结果:156例婴儿中,141例婴儿完成随访,其中123例排除先天梅毒,18例婴儿被确诊为早期先天梅毒(有症状14例,无症状4例)。19S-IgM-TPPA试验阳性结果16例,假阳性2例,假阴性4例,敏感性77.78%(有症状78.57%,无症状75%),特异性98.37%,诊断指数176.15%;阳性预测值87.5%,阴性预测值96.8%,调整预测值无改变;阳性似然比47.83,阴性似然比0.226。结论:19S-IgM-TP-PA诊断先天梅毒敏感性较好,特异性很高,对有症状早期先天梅毒,在常规标准血清试验确定前即可证实感染的存在,用于先天梅毒的诊断是良好的预测工具,在已经有TPPA的实验室中,19S-IgM-TP-PA不失为一种诊断先天梅毒的可供选择的方法。