博落回根中生物碱的分离

摘 要 目的：研究博落回根中的生物碱成分。方法: 采用硅胶柱色谱、重结晶、半制备液相色谱制备化合物,利用NMR、MS等波谱技术鉴定化合物结构。结果: 从博落回根的乙醇提取物中分离得到9个生物碱类化合物,分别为二氢白屈菜红碱(1),6 氰基二氢血根碱(2),R 6 ((R) 1 hydroxyethyl)dihydrochelerythrine(3),碎叶紫堇碱(4), 四氢小檗碱(5),8 去甲基二氢白屈菜红碱(6), 8 去甲基白区菜红碱（7）,原阿片碱(8),别隐品碱(9)。结论: 化合物4~6首次在博落回属植物中分离得到。     

HPLC法测定不同产地博落回中白屈菜红碱和血根碱含量

目的建立不同产地博落回根中白屈菜红碱和血根碱的HPLC法含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC法,色谱柱:SHI-MADZU C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相:0.4%磷酸-乙腈(73:27),流速1.2 ml·min-1,柱温30℃。结果白屈菜红碱、血根碱的回收率分别为98.26%,97.73%;RSD分别为1.87%,1.81%。结论利用该法测定博落回总碱中的白屈菜红碱和血根碱,结果准确度高、精密度好,可作为博落回总碱的质量控制方法。     

血水草与博落回薄层色谱对照

目的通过薄层层析对照,找出血水草与博落回成分中生物碱类的区别。方法采用薄层色谱法。结果血水草含有六种生物碱,未检出α-别隐品碱,地上部分与地下部分相似,博落回地上部分及种子所含生物碱大致相似,未检出白屈菜红默碱。结论可为两种植物化学分类提供一定依据。     

博落回果实中有效成份的研究

从博落回果实中分得五种生物碱,经理化数据分析证实为:血根碱Sanguinarine,C_(20)H_(15)O_5N白屈菜红碱Chelerythrine.C_(21)H_(19)O_5N原阿片碱Protopine,C_(20)H_(19)O_5Nα-别隐品碱α-Al-locryptopine,C_(21)H_(23)O_6N及β-别隐品碱β-Allocryptopine,C_(21)H_(23)O_5H前两种化合物经氨性乙醇重结晶得乙氧基血根碱和乙氧基白屈菜红碱,药理和临床试验表明,有较好的抗菌消炎作用,尤其对宫颈炎疗效显著,并已通过鉴定。     

大孔树脂分离纯化小果博落回果实中普托品类总生物碱的研究

目的 研究不同型号大孔吸附树脂纯化小果博落回果实中的普托品类总生物碱(以原阿片碱和别隐品碱计)的工艺条件及参数.方法 以静态饱和吸附量、静态洗脱率为考察指标,比较了5种大孔树脂,并对AB-8树脂的吸附量、吸附率、洗脱率进行了考察,以普托品类总生物碱转移率和纯度为指标对树脂吸附工艺条件进行了筛选.结果 所比较的5种树脂中,AB-8型树脂具有最佳吸附及洗脱参数,其最佳工艺;上柱液浓度为0.258 mg·mL-1,上柱液pH=8,上柱流速为1mL· min-1,90％乙醇洗脱,洗脱剂用量为3BV,对小果博落回普托品生物碱的动态吸附率和洗脱率均＞90％,洗脱物中普托品类总生物碱含量＞90％.结论 AB-8树脂适合于小果博落回果实中普托品类生物碱的分离与纯化.     

小果博落回的生药学研究

目的对小果博落回Macleaya microcarpa(Maxim.)Fedde进行显微鉴别和总生物碱含量测定。方法显微鉴别采用形态学和组织学鉴别方法,总生物碱含量测定采用分光光度法。结果小果博落回根、茎、叶薄壁细胞中均含草酸钙结晶;茎、叶的维管束内外均有乳汁管;粉末中可见不定式气孔和非腺毛,导管类型较多。小果博落回总生物碱含量为1.9%～2.7%。结论上述显微特征及总生物碱含量测定可用于小果博落回的药材质量鉴定。     

越南产刺罂粟中生物碱的分离研究

刺罂粟(Agremone mexicana L.)是越南民间常用药,已知含有异喹啉类生物碱(原阿片碱和血根碱等)。但刺罂粟中生物碱的成分和数量随生长地点不同而有所差别。作者对刺罂粟的地上和地下部分中的生物碱作了进一步的分离研究。材料采自河内郊区红河岸边。在碱性条件下用二氯乙烷提取总生物碱,用重量法和紫外光谱法分别测得总碱的含量在全草中平均为0.26%,其中原阿片碱和别隐品碱占总生物碱的21和37%;根中总生物碱为0.42%,其中原阿片碱和别隐品     

响应面法优化白屈菜醋焖法炮制工艺研究

摘要：目的:采用星点设计响应曲面法优选醋焖法炮制白屈菜的最佳炮制工艺。方法:建立原阿片碱、白屈菜碱、盐酸黄连碱、血根碱、小檗碱和白屈菜红碱等6种生物碱成分含量的HPLC法,色谱柱:Kromasil C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）;流动相:0.1%三乙胺（用磷酸调节pH至3.0）-乙腈,梯度洗脱;检测波长:274 nm;流速:1.0 ml·ml-1;柱温:35℃。以6种生物碱总含量为评价指标,采用响应曲面设计法,考察醋用量、闷润时间、烘干时间和烘干温度对白屈菜醋焖法炮制工艺的影响,确定最佳炮制工艺。结果:原阿片碱等6个对照品在0.640～12.800,1.024～20.480,0.862～17.240,0.436～8.720,0.226～4.520,0.324～6.480μg质量范围内线性关系良好（r值范围0.999 7～0.999 9）,平均加样回收率分别为97.5%,99.4%,100.8%,99.7%,98.9%和98.6%,RSD在1.82%～2.43%之间（n=6）。白屈菜总碱含量提取的最佳工艺条件为:醋用量17%,闷润时间2 h,烘干时间16h,烘干温度75℃。结论:所建立的白屈菜红碱等6种生物碱含量的HPLC法稳定可行。优选的醋焖法炮制白屈菜炮制工艺方法可行,为白屈菜的进一步研究提供了科学依据。     

博落回果实中有效成份的研究

从博落回果实中分得五种生物碱,经理化数据分析证实为:血根碱Sanguinarine,C₂₀H₁₅O₅N白屈菜红碱Chelerythrine.C₂₁H₁₉O₅N原阿片碱Protopine,C₂₀H₁₉O₅Nα-别隐品碱α-Al-locryptopine,C₂₁H₂₃O₆N及β-别隐品碱β-Allocryptopine,C₂₁H₂₃O₅H前两种化合物经氨性乙醇重结晶得乙氧基血根碱和乙氧基白屈菜红碱,药理和临床试验表明,有较好的抗菌消炎作用,尤其对宫颈炎疗效显著,并已通过鉴定。     

博落回药材的提取工艺研究

目的研究博落回药材的提取工艺。方法采用正交试验法,以白屈菜红碱得率及固形物含量为指标,考察乙醇浓度、提取温度、pH3个因素对博落回提取工艺的影响。结果优化的博落回提取工艺为A2B1C2,即取博落回药材,以80％乙醇提取,调节pH=5．0,60℃温浸提取。结论该最佳工艺可行。     

Differentiation of alkaloid cells in cultures of Macleaya mesophyll protoplasts

In developing cell clusters derived from mesophyll protoplasts of Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br. and M. microcarpa ( Maxim.) Fedde (Papaveraceae) cytodifferentiation is observed in the form of alkaloid cells and tracheary elements. The differentiation of alkaloid cells can already occur at the early stage of small clusters. Moreover cell colonies have been observed consisting predominantly to completely of alkaloid cells. Occasionally the direct differentiation of alkaloid cells is noticed, characterized by the coloured contents of the vacuoles after cell wall regeneration, but without preceding cell division.     

HPLC quantification of seven quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids in six species of the family Papaveraceae

The content of the seven quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBA) sanguinarine (SA), chelerythrine (CHE), chelirubine (CHR), chelilutine (CHL), sanguilutine (SL), sanguirubine (SR) and macarpine (MA) was determined in the underground part of six plant species of the family Papaveraceae (Sanguinaria canadensis L., Dicranostigma lactucoides HOOK.f.et THOMS, Chelidonium majus L., Macleaya cordata (Willd.), Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim) and Stylophorum lasiocarpum (Oliv.)). HPLC method with reversed phase column Synergi Max-RP C-12 Phenomenex was used, mobile phase consisted of heptanesulfonic acid (0.01 mol/l) with triethanolamine (0.1 mol/l) in redistilled water, pH 2.5, acetonitrile gradient 25-60% during 25 min. Detection was performed at 280 nm. The highest content of SA and CHE was found in the roots of D. lactucoides (1.99%, resp. 3.43% of the dried roots). In rhizomes of S. canadensis was their content more then two times lower.     

Characterization of Sanguinaria canadensis L. fluid extract by FAB mass spectrometry.

Positive-ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry was used for the rapid characterization of commercial Sanguinaria canadensis L. fluid extracts. Quaternary and non-quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids afford persistent peaks due to [M]+ and [M+H]+ ionic species, respectively, and their relative abundances are in good agreement with previously reported per cent analytical data. The procedure allowed sanguinarine, chelerythrine, chelirubine, sanguilutine, protopine, allocryptopine and the isomers sanguirubine and/or chelilutine to be effectively detected by means of persistent and intense peaks in all the samples examined.     

Capillary electrophoresis of phytochemical substances

Applications of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for analysis of phytochemical substances (e.g. flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic acid, quinones and coumarins) are reviewed. For example, CE analysis of sixteen tea ingredients were achieved within 10 min with the good precision (RSDs% <1% for intra-day and 2% for inter-day) and linearity (R(2)>0.990). Quantitation of sanguinarine and chelerythrine, alkaloids from Sanguinaria canadensis L. or Macleaya cordata (Wild) Br. R. by CE showed excellent linearity (R(2)>0.998), precision (RSD%=1.8%) and detection limit (2.4-3.0 microM). Determination of antraquinone-1-sulphonate was also obtained by this technique with good linearity (R(2)>0.9999), precision (RSD%=2%) and detection limit (0.7 microg/ml). Results of CE analysis from several studies are comparable to those of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but the former is more useful for complex mixture samples where the analysis demands higher resolving power. Advantages of CE are high efficiency, low cost, short analysis time and simplicity, whereas disadvantages include low sensitivity comparing to HPLC and limitation of the preparative scale.     

博落回总生物碱提取方法的研究

目的：探讨博落回中总生物碱的提取方法。方法：用酸水浸提，提取液通过阳离子交换树脂柱。将吸附了生物碱的阳离子树脂洗至中性，放入索氏提取器中，酸化后用混合有机溶剂提取。方法的可行性用小檗碱进行验证。提取所得的总生物碱用HPLC－MS进行分析。结果：与文献中常 用的碱性条件下的索氏提取法相比，在酸性条件下用混合有机溶剂进行提取，所得的生物碱成分较多，收率较高。结论：此方法不仅适用博落回中总生物碱的提取，也可用于其他药用植物总生物碱的提取。     

Inhibition of mouse liver respiration by Chelidonium majus isoquinoline alkaloids

The alkaloids from Chelidonium majus L. which had a significant inhibitory effect in mitochondrial respiration were those which contain a positive charge due to a quaternary nitrogen atom, i.e., chelerythrine, sanguinarine, berberine and coptisine, both with malate+glutamate or with succinate as substrates. When malate+glutamate was used as substrate, chelerythrine and berberine, which contain methoxy groups, were particularly more active, since they had a strong effect even at low concentrations. In submitochondrial particles, berberine and coptisine had a marked inhibitory effect on NADH dehydrogenase activity but practically no effect on succinate dehydrogenase activity, whereas chelerythrine and sanguinarine inhibited more strongly succinate dehydrogenase than NADH dehydrogenase, which is in agreement with the results found for mitochondrial respiration. Protopine and allocryptopine, which did not inhibit mitochondrial respiration, strongly inhibited NADH dehydrogenase in submitochondrial particles, but had no effect on succinate dehydrogenase activity.