312例化脓性角膜溃疡的病因和病原分析

１９９２年６月至１９９３年１２月确诊３１２例化脓性角膜溃疡，原因不明引起者１９６例，占６２．８２％，外伤引起者８５例，占２７．２４％，单疱病毒引起者２５例，占８．０１％，戴隐性眼镜引起者６例，占１．９０％，３１２例中有１９７例（６３．１４％）使用过激素，２９３例（９３．９１％）使用过抗菌素，感染的病原为真菌１４６例（４６．７９％），表皮葡萄球菌７３例（２３．４０％），金黄色葡萄球菌４３例（１３．７     

前部缺血性视神经病变

回顾性总结５１例前部缺血性视神经病变。５１例中单眼发病４４例；双眼７例（１３．７％），其中５例对侧眼已有视神经萎缩。平均发病年龄５４．９岁。作为病因的系统疾病，动脉粥样硬化占５４．９％，高血压动脉硬化３３．３％，糖尿病１１．８％。视力中度损害（０．２—０．５）者占１／３。下部视野缺损占３０．２％，大多与生理盲点相连；４只眼各有两处视野缺损。荧光血管造影揭示，脉络膜（含视盘）视网膜充盈倒置占２１．１％；视盘充盈延迟苍白水肿及火焰状出血表明前部视神经（筛板附近）的睫状后短动脉及表浅的中央血管微血管发生缺血损害。经药物治疗视力进步者占７５．８％。     

化脓性角膜溃疡常见致病菌的变迁

目的：探讨化脓性角膜溃疡的致病菌谱变迁,为临床治疗选择药物提供依据。方法：对1995－2000年1430例化脓性角膜溃疡病原菌培养标本的结果进行回顾性分析。并复心文献进行比较。结果：在1430例检测标本中,258例细菌培养阳性（18．0％）,498例真菌培养阳性（34．8％）,34例棘阿米巴培养阳性（2．4％）,640例（44．8％）培养阴性。阳性病菌中,金黄色葡萄球菌（16例,6．2％）和绿脓杆菌（56例,21．7％）均有所下降,而条件致病菌如表皮葡萄球菌（71例,27．5％）则明显增加,真菌致病菌中,主要致病菌为镰刀菌属（321,64．5％）。药物敏感试验,细菌对氟喹诺酮类抗生素的耐药性有逐渐上升趋势,近半数的绿脓杆菌对庆大霉素耐药,而对妥布霉素等敏感,镰刀菌属对常用抗真菌药物的耐药性明显升高。结论：化脓性角膜溃疡的致病菌和药物敏感性结果可以为临床治疗提供有益的帮助。     

油田工人急诊眼外伤480例分析

油田多以野外或车间为其主要工作场所，由于多种原因所致眼外伤时有发生。自１９８９年２月至１９９９年１０月，我院共收治油田工人急诊眼外伤４８０例，分析如下： 一般资料 １．性别：男４１１例，女６９例，男女比例为８∶１ ２．年龄：２０岁以下２０例（４．２％）；２１～３０岁１９９例（４１．５％）；３１～４０岁１６５例（３４．３％）；４１～５０岁７９例（１６．４％）；５０岁以上１７例（３．６％）。 ３．职业：维修工１５９例（３３．１％）；作业工１１９例（２４．７％）；钻井工８９例（１８．７％）；采油工８０例（…     

细菌性结,角膜炎的病原菌分析

分析经细菌学证实的细菌性角、结膜炎共５９例，结果结膜炎及角膜炎病原体相似，葡萄球菌占首位（５５．９％），其次为草绿色链球菌（１３．６％）。药物敏感试验，对氧氟沙星及诺氟沙星敏感者最多，分别达８９．８％及８４．７％，而对青霉素耐药者达８６．４％，说明传统的抗菌素对目前的治疗已失去了过去的辉煌作用。     

角膜异物1024例临床分析

角膜异物是一种常见的眼外伤，１９９７年１０月至２０００年２月，我们诊治此类病人１０２４例，现分析报告如下： 临床资料 １０２４例中，男性９６５例占９４．２％；女性５９例占５．８％。年龄最大６７岁，最小６岁。１６～６５岁之间９８２例占９５．８％。双眼１８例占１．８％。右眼６０２例占５８．７％；左眼４０４例占３９．５％。金属异物７５３例占７３．５％，沙粒、石屑、玻璃等异物２７１例占２６．５％。按刘钊臣（１９９５）角膜异物分区、深度分级法：Ⅰ区（角膜内１／３圆形范围）３６１例占３５．３％，Ⅱ区（角膜中１…     

高龄老年人白内障的超声乳化术

目的 探讨高龄老年人（８０岁以上）白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入的临床疗效。方法 对５６例（６５眼）高龄老年人白内障施行巩膜隧道切口的超声乳化。乳化时间平均２’４８〃,超声能量平均４１．２％,结果 术后１日,１周,１月视力≥０．５者分别为５３．８％,７８．５％,９０．５％,术后３月视力≥１．０者占４９．２％,主要并发症为角膜水肿（３３．８％）及后囊破裂（７．７％）。未见全身性并发症发生。结论 该手     

软性接触镜发生角膜溃疡的危险因素

本文分析了戴软性接触镜发生角膜溃疡者３６例及配戴正常者１００例，应用ＬＯ－ＧＩＳＴＩＣ回归，分析软性接触镜发生角膜溃疡的危险因素。结果显示软性接触镜发生角膜溃疡的危险因素是：戴镜过夜，未定期随访和性别。它们的相对危险性比值比（ＯＲ）为：戴镜过夜８．２７（９５％可信区间为２．６２－２６．０９），未定期随访８．３７（９５％可信区间为２．６６－２６．３６），性别１．５０（９５％可信区间为０．５０－４．５３）。戴镜过夜和未定期随访两因素与缺乏有关接触镜知识和正确的指导有关。     

穿透性角膜移植治疗真菌性角膜溃疡的评价

我院自１９９４年１月至１９９６年１２月行穿透性角膜移植术（ｐｅｎｅｔｒａｔｉｎｇｋｅｒａｔｏｐｌａｓｔｙ,ＰＫＰ）治疗感染性角膜病３２５例（３２５只眼）,其中真菌感染１０８只眼,占３３２％,列单疱病毒性角膜炎（４０５％）之后,居第２位。我们对其中的１０８例（１０８只眼）真菌性角膜溃疡患者经药物治疗无效后行ＰＫＰ治疗,随访６～４２个月,平均１９３个月,现将结果报告如下。一、资料与方法１．对象：１０８例（１０８只眼）,男７０例,女３８例。年龄：≤２０岁者４例（３７％）,２１～４０岁者５２例（…     

眼内后部磁性异物后径摘除术联合巩膜扣带术预防术后的视网？…

目的 评价眼内后部磁性异物后径摘出联合巩膜扣带术预防术后视网膜脱离的疗效。方法 对３０例（３０眼）眼内后部磁性异物进行后径摘出联合不同术式的巩膜扣带术：（１）巩膜板层缩短层间填压术１０例（１０）眼占３３．３３％。（２）巩膜外加压术１２例（１２眼）占４０％。（３）巩膜环扎外加压术８例（８眼）占２２．６７％。结果 ３０例均顺利摘出眼内后部磁性异物。入院与出院的视力比较：进步１５例占５０％，退步６例占２     

Possibilities and prospects of therapy and prevention of corneal dystrophies

Therapeutic approaches in corneal dystrophies should aim at long-term avoidance of recurrences. At the moment, this goal can only be achieved by transplantation of healthy corneal cells. In dystrophies of keratocytes and/or endothelial cells this can be realized by conventional penetrating keratoplasty. In epithelial dystrophies, however, simultaneous transplantation of limbal stem cells is necessary. Optimal HLA-matching strategies and immunosuppressive medication are major means to prevent immunological destruction of these.     

增生型糖尿病视网膜病变患者血浆和玻璃体中VEGF和低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白6的表达及其相关性

目的　通过定量检测血管内皮生长因子（ｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＶＥＧＦ）和低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白６（ｌｏｗｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｌｉｐｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ-ｒｅｌａｔｅｄｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ６,ＬＲＰ６）在增生型糖尿病视网膜病变（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＰＤＲ）患者血浆和玻璃体中的表达水平,并探究其相关关系,为ＰＤＲ的防治提供依据。方法　选择ＰＤＲ患者６０例,非增生型糖尿病视网膜病变（ｎｏｎｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｖｅｄｉａｂｅｔｉｃｒｅｔｉｎｏｐａｔｈｙ,ＮＰＤＲ）患者６２例,单纯性糖尿病患者（对照组）５５例。ＥＬＩＳＡ检测各组血浆和玻璃体中ＶＥＧＦ、ＬＲＰ６浓度,并对三组检测指标进行统计学比较。结果　ＰＤＲ组血浆和玻璃体ＶＥＧＦ浓度显著高于对照组和ＮＰＤＲ组,差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。对照组和ＮＰＤＲ组差异具有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＰＤＲ组玻璃体中ＬＲＰ６浓度高于ＮＰＤＲ组和对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＮＰＤＲ组和对照组玻璃体中ＬＲＰ６差异具有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。各组血浆中ＬＲＰ６浓度差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＰＤＲ组血浆和玻璃体中ＶＥＧＦ浓度呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．６０,Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论　ＰＤＲ患者血浆和玻璃体中ＶＥＧＦ与ＬＲＰ６水平能较好反映视网膜新生血管活动情况,检测血浆和玻璃体中ＶＥＧＦ与ＬＲＰ６水平可为早期诊断ＰＤＲ提供理论依据。     

外源性VEGF及Ang-1对大鼠CNV的作用及机制探讨

目的:研究细胞因子VEGF,Ang-1对大鼠脉络膜新生血管的形成、分化以及成熟过程的影响及机制。方法:采用激光光凝诱导建立大鼠CNV动物模型后,分别在不同时期玻璃体腔注射VEGF,Ang-1,通过其眼底荧光造影与病理切片的变化观察上述因子的作用。结果:血管生成素-1组比对照组晚期渗漏明显减少,VEGF组较对照组晚期渗漏明显增加;组织病理切片显示实验组瘢痕形成,VEGF组和对照组可见肉芽组织。结论:血管生成素-1能有效抑制脉络膜新生血管的生成,促进新生的脉络膜新生血管成熟,促进瘢痕形成。     

The efficacy and safety of unfixed and fixed combinations of latanoprost and other antiglaucoma medications

Adjunctive therapy for the management of glaucoma is commonly used. Unfixed combinations of the prostaglandin analog latanoprost and other glaucoma medications have been demonstrated to effectively lower intraocular pressure (IOP). The range of reported additional reductions in IOP compared to a monotherapy baseline are as follows: latanoprost-timolol (13-37%), latanoprost-pilocarpine 2% (7-14%), latanoprost and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (15-24.1%), and latanoprost and dipivefrin (15-28%). There is a fixed combination of latanoprost (0.005%) and timolol (0.5%) that has been investigated in Phase III trials in Europe and the United States. In these trials, it was noted that the efficacy of the fixed combination was superior to either of the monotherapy components. After 12 months of follow-up of patients on fixed combination, there was no evidence of long-term drift. The new formulation appears to be safe and does not demonstrate any more side effects than either of the components. The convenience of a fixed combination may enhance patient compliance. Unfixed combination therapy with latanoprost and other antiglaucoma medications and the fixed combination formulation of latanoprost and timolol provide an effective and safe option for lowering IOP in glaucoma patients.     

Detection and discrimination of the direction of motion in central and peripheral vision of normal and amblyopic observers

This paper describes the "motion" properties of the amblyopic fovea and compares them to the normal periphery. Specifically, thresholds for detection of the displacement of a grating pattern, and for discrimination of displacement direction were measured. The main findings of these experiments were: in the central vision of both normal and amblyopic observers, unreferenced displacement are detected with an accuracy equal to the observer's grating acuity; in the normal periphery, unreferenced motion thresholds fall off at a slower rate than does grating acuity; in amblyopic eyes, displacement thresholds are most elevated centrally; the addition of an abutting reference improves detection of motion for the normal fovea and in anisometropic amblyopes, but elevates motion thresholds in both the normal periphery and in the fovea of amblyopes with strabismus. The adequacy of the normal periphery as a model for the central vision of amblyopes is discussed.     

Toxicity and clearance of a combination of liposome-encapsulated ganciclovir and trifluridine

New Zealand albino rabbits were given intravitreal injections of liposome-encapsulated ganciclovir and trifluridine. Preoperatively and postoperatively, the eyes were evaluated by indirect ophthalmoscopy at different time intervals up to 14 days after injection. At intervals up to 14 days postinjection, the animals were sacrificed, the eyes enucleated, vitreous antiviral levels determined in one group of eyes, and histopathological examination conducted in the other group. The results of this study demonstrated prolonged intravitreal drug levels above the mean inhibitory dose for many strains of virus belonging to the herpes simplex virus family. No evidence of gross retinal toxicity was found by clinical or light microscopic examination of the treated eyes.