精神分裂症的强迫障碍临床现象学研究

对１０９例精神分裂症伴强迫障碍的临床现象学进行研究，结果显示强迫障碍及强迫性思维常见。男性多于女性；２６￣３５岁的患者居多；家族史阳性率偏高；高中以上文化，性格内向，固絷，多颖，做事刻求完美的脑力工作者多见。起病缓且多无明显原因，强迫症状先于精神分裂症特征性症状出现者易于误诊。     

双相障碍共病强迫障碍患者的SCL-90和MMPI研究

目的探讨强迫障碍与双相障碍共病的心理测量学特征,为其早期诊断提供辅助依据。方法以2012年3月-2013年1月在中国医科大学附属第一医院就诊的符合《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(第3版)》的138例强迫障碍患者为研究对象,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和明尼苏达多相人格测验(MMPI)进行测量。结果转相前SCL-90评分:强迫状态(2.51±0.83)分、抑郁(2.69±0.88)分、敌对(2.56±1.07)分等项目出现明显的高峰点;转相后评分:强迫状态(2.65±1.03)分、敌对(2.60±1.30)分、偏执(2.36±0.92)分等项目出现明显的高峰点。MMPI临床量表3点编码型:转相前以2-4-7为最多,其次为2-3-4编码型;转相后以4-7-9为最多,其次为4-6-9、3-4-9编码型。结论转相前后"强迫状态"和"敌对"都呈现明显高峰点。心理变态(Pd)、精神衰弱(Pt)(4-7编码型)很有可能是与共病强迫障碍有关的参考项。     

强迫谱系障碍

强迫谱系障碍包括一系列相关的精神病性疾病和躯体性疾病，它们在症状学、病因学、对抗强迫治疗的反应、基因遗传模式和其它一些关联特征等方面与强迫症存在某些相似或关联之处。本文综述了强迫谱系障碍概念的提出、内涵、症状维度模式、神经生化改变和治疗等方面的问题。     

强迫谱系障碍

强迫谱系障碍包括一系列相关的精神病性疾病和躯体性疾病 ,它们在症状学、病因学、对抗强迫治疗的反应、基因遗传模式和其它一些关联特征等方面与强迫症存在某些相似或关联之处。本文综述了强迫谱系障碍概念的提出、内涵、症状维度模式、神经生化改变和治疗等方面的问题     

对分裂强迫障碍的再认识

强迫症状常出现在强迫症,也可出现在精神分裂症,后者的强迫症状不随其核心症状的变化而变化,而长期存在,并已被有的学者命名为分裂强迫障碍。本文就此症的现状和进展做如下综述。     

关于强迫障碍误诊的思考

强迫障碍是一种较为常见的精神障碍,近年国外的流调资料显示其患病率高达2·5%,因强迫障碍尤其是儿童青少年患者的临床表现相当复杂,在临床工作中极易发生误诊。本文综述了强迫障碍误诊的原因及避免误诊的对策。     

对难治性强迫障碍的治疗对策

本介绍当前对难治性强迫障碍的一些治疗对策。     

儿童青少年强迫障碍临床特征和生物学研究进展

介绍儿童青少年强迫障碍的临床特征以及神经生物学和治疗方面的研究进展。     

强迫障碍对患者生活质量影响的研究

目的探讨强迫障碍对患者生活质量的影响。方法采用TDL生活质量量表评估强迫障碍患者的生活质量。结果强迫障碍组的身体方面、心理方面、社会方面、尽职的能力、自我健康意识及TDL量表总分均显著地低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论强迫障碍对患者的生活质量影响很大,应积极治疗。     

强迫障碍共病强迫型人格障碍的研究

目的:研究强迫型人格障碍(OCPD)在强迫障碍(OCD)中的共病情况,并研究OCD共病OCPD对OCD影响。方法:以69例门诊OCD患者为研究对象,采用DSM-Ⅳ轴Ⅱ障碍用临床定式检查(SCID-Ⅱ)研究强迫障碍患者的共病人格障碍(PD)情况,将研究对象分为2组:OCD共病OCPD组和OCD不共病OCPD组,对比研究2组间临床特征的不同。结果:79.7%强迫障碍患者合并有PD,C类中的OCPD和OCD共病率达43.5%。共病组较不共病组疾病严重程度更重,表现为发病年龄早、病程更长、强迫思维更严重。结论:OCPD和OCD关系密切,OCD共病OCPD是OCD严重程度的一个标志。     

Impulse control disorders in adults with obsessive compulsive disorder

Little is known about impulse control disorders (ICDs) in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Although studies have examined ICD comorbidity in OCD, no previous studies have examined clinical correlates of ICD comorbidity in a large sample of individuals with a primary diagnosis of OCD. We examined rates and clinical correlates of comorbid ICDs in 293 consecutive subjects with lifetime DSM-IV OCD (56.8% females; mean age=40.6+/-12.9 years). Comorbidity data were obtained with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. ICDs were diagnosed with structured clinical interviews using DSM-IV criteria. OCD severity was assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Quality of life and social/occupational functioning were examined using the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale. All variables were compared in OCD subjects with and without lifetime and current ICDs. Forty-eight (16.4%) OCD subjects had a lifetime ICD, and 34 (11.6%) had a current ICD. Skin picking was the most common lifetime (10.4%) and current (7.8%) ICD, followed by nail biting with lifetime and current rates of 4.8% and 2.4%, respectively. OCD subjects with current ICDs had significantly worse OCD symptoms and poorer functioning and quality of life. These preliminary results suggest that there is a low prevalence of ICDs among individuals with OCD, although certain ICDs (skin picking) appear to be more common.     

强迫症与焦虑的关系及临床类型的研究

目的调查强迫症状与焦虑的关系及其临床类型。方法将１００例强迫症患者按症状自评量表的焦虑因子分分为高、低、无焦虑３组,以Ｆｏａ的强迫症８种类型对其临床诸方面进行分类和比较。结果１００例患者中伴焦虑者为６５％,伴抑郁者为６７％。高焦虑组的病程长于低焦虑组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在Ｆｏａ的分型中,高焦虑组以Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ型较多。结论强迫症与焦虑的关系可有８种临床类型。强迫症患者伴焦虑的程度并不完全取决于病程,而是致焦虑性强迫想法的性质和强度与减焦虑性强迫反应相互作用的结果。     

Clinical features associated with increased severity of illness in tertiary clinic referred patients with obsessive compulsive disorder

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and disabling condition. Specific patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, early age at onset, long duration of illness (DI) and untreated illness (DUI) have been associated with poor outcome in OCD. The present study was aimed to explore sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with increased severity of illness in a sample of OCD patients.

Methods: A total of 124 OCD outpatients were recruited and divided into two groups on the basis of their severity of illness, as assessed through the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (>24). Chi-squared test and t-test for independent samples were performed to compare sociodemographic and clinical variables between the two groups.

Results: The group with increased severity of illness had a younger age, an earlier age at onset and age at first pharmacological treatment (p?p?p?Conclusions: Earlier age, age at onset and age at first pharmacological treatment, longer DI, shorter DUI and higher rate of psychiatric comorbidities were associated with increased severity of OCD. Further studies on larger samples are warranted to confirm the reported results.     

强迫症的局部脑血流动态显像研究

目的　探讨强迫症患者各脑叶的代谢状态及脑功能异常与其发病的关系。　　方法　采用单光子发射计算机扫描 (SPECT)技术 ,对未服药的 2 2例强迫症患者于静息及症状诱发状态下行局部脑血流 (rCBF)动态显像研究。　　结果　 1 8例有rCBF异常 ,表现为皮层内局限性放射性分布稀疏、缺损区 ,异常脑叶主要为顶叶、额叶、颞叶 ,并发现脑功能异常与强迫症状的严重程度及药物治疗反应有关。　　结论　大脑顶叶、额叶等脑叶的功能异常是部分强迫症发病的神经病理学基础     

强迫症共病皮肤搔抓障碍的临床访谈

本文对一例强迫及相关障碍的咨客进行了案例访谈报告,目的是提高精神科医疗工作者的临床访谈技巧和诊疗水平。一位17岁的男性咨客因难以自控地在街上抢女士的高跟鞋、引起群众恐慌而来访。他的行为极具违法的风险,警察已经多次上门问询。咨客被诊断为强迫症共病皮肤搔抓障碍,采取生物-心理-社会的整合式治疗进行干预。咨客既往使用氟西汀时造成肝功能损害,需要调整用药。运用认知行为疗法(CBT)治疗强迫症状。本案例中涉及了司法精神医学的相关知识,为临床访谈提供一定的借鉴。     

Dysregulation of neurosteroids in obsessive compulsive disorder

Alterations in hormone concentrations, including adrenocorticotropin, corticotropin releasing hormone, and cortisol have been reported in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated metabolite, DHEA-S, have not been assessed in patients with OCD. We report 24-h serum DHEA, DHEA-S, and cortisol concentrations in a young man with OCD and 15 healthy young men. Circadian patterns of DHEA and cortisol were markedly different in the subject with OCD than in the control subjects. DHEA and DHEA-S concentrations were substantially higher in the OCD subject than in the control subjects. In contrast, cortisol concentrations were similar in the OCD subject and the control subjects. Future clinical studies are needed to evaluate the significance of DHEA and DHEA-S in OCD.     

强迫症预后的有关因素分析

目的:探讨影响强迫症疗效的相关因素.方法:对出院时不同疗效的强迫症病人的临床资料进行对照研究.结果:文化程度较高,脑力劳动者,病前强迫人格,有心理社会诱因,伴消极观念的强迫症病人疗效较好,结论:知识分子,社会心理因素促发和病中有抑郁症状者预后好.     

强迫症共病疾病焦虑障碍的临床访谈

为了提高广大精神心理科医务工作者的临床访谈及诊断技能,本文对一例较特殊的合并了两种强迫谱系障碍的患者进行了案例访谈报告。这是一位27岁的男性患者,执着于练习弹钢琴十几年,仪式化的行为与执着让患者不能正常工作,成为大家眼中的怪人。离职后逐渐开始关注排便问题,纠结于便秘、腹胀等感受问题,总认为自己患有肛肠疾病,开始反复检查就诊。在检查无明显异常的情况下,反复要求行手术治疗四次以解决肛肠问题,结果越治越难受。本案例患者被诊断为强迫症共病疾病焦虑障碍,需要采取生物-心理-社会的综合治疗。调整以往用药,加强运动,调整饮食结构。施行强迫症一线治疗方案,焦虑缓解后进行认知行为疗法(CBT)来改善自我认知,减轻心理压力。今后工作中放弃不切实际的想法,学习应对策略,合理安排工作和生活。     

Increased nocturnal secretion of ACTH and cortisol in obsessive compulsive disorder

Information on the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the main mammalian system of stress response, in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is inconsistent. In this study, nine inpatients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD without comorbid major depression (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale [Y-BOCS] score >15; HAMD-21 total score 16) and nine healthy matched controls were included. Blood of patients (seven males; 31.8 +/- 9.3 years, Y-BOCS: 27.3 +/- 4.3, HAMD-21: 13.3 +/-1.9) and controls (seven males, 31.6 +/- 9.1 years) was drawn every 20 min between 23:00 and 7:00 h during sleep using a long catheter for later ACTH and cortisol analysis. Secretion patterns of cortisol and ACTH were similar in both groups, in OCD, however, at a higher level. Area under the curve plasma concentrations of both ACTH (p<0.05) and cortisol (p<0.005) were significantly greater in patients with OCD (ACTH: 674.3 +/- 57.4; cortisol: 2148.4 +/-271.7) than in controls (ACTH: 460.2 +/- 61.0; cortisol: 1191.2 +/- 124.1). In conclusion, our findings suggest that the activity of the HPA axis in patients with OCD is increased compared to healthy controls.     

阿立哌唑作为增效剂治疗强迫症的随机对照研究

目的探讨小剂量阿立哌唑作为增效剂治疗强迫症的疗效及安全性。方法 64例强迫症患者在帕罗西汀治疗的基础上,双盲、随机分为合用组[帕罗西汀合并阿立哌唑,阿立哌唑平均剂量（标准差）为7.9（1.3）mg/d]及对照组（帕罗西汀合并维生素C）,治疗8周。于治疗前及治疗后分别采用Yale-Brow强迫量表、治疗时出现的症状量表（TESS）评定药物疗效及不良反应。结果治疗前合用组和对照组帕罗西汀的平均剂量（标准差）分别为30.2（5.1）mg/d、29.6（6.1）mg/d,差异无统计学意义（t=0.86,P=0.291）;合用组和对照组Y-BOCS评分的均分（标准差）分别为25.0（2.4）、25.1（2.6）,差异无统计学意义（t=0.89,P=0.379）,治疗后两组的评分分别为17.9（3.3）、23.0（2.5）,差异有统计学意义（t=15.89,P〈0.001）。治疗后两组TESS评分无统计学差异。结论小剂量阿立哌唑可作为增效剂治疗强迫症,8周治疗后未见严重不良反应。