急性心肌梗塞前心绞痛对其急诊冠脉介入术后再流现象的影响

目的:探讨梗塞前心绞痛(PIA)对急性心肌梗塞(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后无再流现象的影响。方法:230例行急诊PCI的AMI患者依其是否发生再流现象分为两组:无再流组(25例)和再流组(205例)。监测再灌注心律失常、心肌酶谱和C反应蛋白(CRP)变化;超声心动图测定心功能,观察室壁瘤、心力衰竭发生率和住院病死率。结果:无再流组PIA发生率显著低于再流组(P<0.01);而前壁梗塞的发生率高于再流组(P<0.01),CRP值明显高于再流组(P<0.05);再灌注心律失常发生率、肌酸激酶同工酶峰值和水平均显著高于再流组(P<0.01)。左室射血分数显著低于再流组(P<0.05);心力衰竭、室壁瘤发生率和死亡率均高于再流组(P<0.01)。而多元回归分析结果显示,缺乏PIA是发生无再流现象的独立预测因素(OR=3.71,P=0.01)。结论:缺乏PIA是发生无再流现象的独立预测因素。     

梗死前心绞痛对急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后的影响

目的　探讨梗死前心绞痛对首次急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后的近期影响。方法　将120例首次AMI患者分成有梗死前心绞痛史组(A组, 68例)和无梗死前心绞痛史组(B组, 52例),在发病12小时内行直接PCI术,分析梗死前心绞痛对肌酸肌酶(CK)峰值浓度、左心室功能和临床转归的影响。结果　(1)A组CK及CK MB峰值浓度均显著低于B组(P<0. 05); (2)A组冠状动脉自发再通率高于B组(P<0. 05),A组无再流现象发生率低于B组(P<0. 05); (3)A组左室射血分数高于B组(P<0. 05); (4)A组心力衰竭发生率及再梗死率低于B组(P<0. 05)。结论　梗死前心绞痛可能促进AMI患者梗死相关动脉自发再通的发生,减少直接PCI术后无再流现象发生,改善患者左心室功能和临床预后。     

急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗无再流发生的独立预测因素及对长期预后的影响

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中发生无再流的相关因素,并评估无再流对于该类患者的长期预后意义。方法930例行急诊PCI的AMI患者依其是否发生无再流分为两组,分析无再流发生的危险因素及两组患者院内和长期随访中主要不良心脏事件(MACE)。结果930例患者中共82例发生无再流(8.8%)。与正常血流组相比,无再流组患者的入院血糖水平[(9.8±4.3)mmol/L比(8.5±3.5)mmol/L,P<0.01]、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值[(369.4±167.8)U/L比(282.3±161.7)U/L,P<0.01]、PCI术前0级血流(69.5%比54.5%,P=0.009)发生率较高,AMI前心绞痛发生率较低(19.5%比48.1%,P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示入院血糖水平、缺乏AMI前心绞痛、PCI术前0级血流及严重心力衰竭是无再流发生的独立预测因素。无再流患者院内MACE(37.8%比11.3%,P<0.01)和院后(2.5±1.2)年随访MACE发生率(37.5%比17.4%,P<0.01)均显著高于正常血流患者,Kaplan-Meier生存分析提示无再流组患者心因性病死率明显高于正常血流组患者(29.9%比11.7%;logrank检验,P<0.001)。Cox回归分析显示无再流是AMI患者长期心因性病死率的独立预测因素(相对危险度3.83,95%可信区间1.71~5.57)。结论入院血糖水平、缺乏AMI前心绞痛、PCI术前0级血流及严重心力衰竭是无再流发生的独立预测因素。与正常血流组相比,无再流组患者院内及长期随访MACE发生率分别增高3.3和2.2倍。     

梗死前心绞痛对急性心肌梗死患者直接PCI术后的影响

目的　探讨梗死前心绞痛对首次急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)术后的近期影响。方法　 10 0例首次 AMI患者 ,按梗死前有无心绞痛史分为 A(有心绞痛史 ,5 5例 )、B(无心绞痛史 ,4 5例 ) 2组 ,所有患者均在发病 12 h内行直接 PCI术。术前术后监测心肌酶变化 ;术后 2周行心血池显像测定左心室射血分数。并观察住院期间心律失常、心力衰竭或心源性休克的发生率及再梗死率、病死率。结果　 (1) A组肌酸激酶同工酶峰值低于 B组 (P<0 .0 5 )。 (2 ) A组自溶现象发生率高于 B组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;A组无再流现象发生率低于 B组 (P<0 .0 5 )。 (3) A组左心室射血分数高于 B组 (P<0 .0 5 )。 (4 ) A组心力衰竭或心源性休克的发生率和再梗死率均低于B组 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论　梗死前心绞痛可促进 AMI患者梗死相关动脉自溶现象的产生 ,并可减少直接 PCI术后无再流现象的发生 ,从而改善心室功能和近期预后     

急性心肌梗死患者直接介入治疗后无复流与血浆组织因子的关系

目的通过测定急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉成形术(PCI)前后血浆组织因子(TF)水平的变化,探讨TF在无复流发生中的作用。方法用ELISA法检测60例AMI患者PCI术前、术后即刻、术后24h外周静脉血TF水平。比较其中无复流者与再灌注者不同时点TF水平的变化。结果不同时点,无复流组血浆TF水平均明显高于再灌注组(P<0.01);PCI术后即刻,两组TF水平均较术前明显升高(P<0.01);PCI术后24h,无复流组TF水平仍高于术前水平(P<0.05),再灌注组与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论AMI患者直接PCI后无复流的发生与血浆TF水平密切相关,TF可激活外源性凝血途径,形成微血栓而导致无复流。     

急性心肌梗死患者二尖瓣返流与心血管事件发生率的相关性

目的研究急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者合并二尖瓣返流(MR)与心力衰竭等严重并发症和死亡率的相关性。方法选取109例AMI患者,住院期间行超声心动检查观察二尖瓣返流情况,测定左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径、左房内径,并观察心力衰竭和主要心脏不良事件发生率、住院心源性病死率。结果MR的发生率为46.8%,左室舒张末期内径、左房内径均显著高于非MR组(P<0.01),LVEF显著低于非MR组(P<0.01)。心功能不全(Killip分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级)、主要心脏不良事件发生率MR组显著高于非MR组(P<0.01)。全部心源性病死率MR组高于非MR组(P<0.05)。结论AMI后合并MR者,心功能差,心力衰竭和主要心脏不良事件发生率高,住院心源性病死率高。     

老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗的近期疗效分析

目的探讨急诊PCI对老年急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者的疗效和安全性。方法选择接受急诊PCI的AMI患者351例,分为老年组273例,高龄组78例。比较2组的临床资料、冠状动脉病变特征、住院时间和并发症的发生率。结果老年组单支病变明显高于高龄组,双支、3支病变及合并左主干病变明显低于高龄组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。高龄组置入2个以上支架数、住院期间择期再次PCI、梗死后心绞痛、严重心律失常和≥KillipⅢ级心功能发生率明显高于老年组(P<0.05,P<0.01);2组住院时间、入院到球囊扩张时间、住院期间再梗死、心源性休克发生率和30 d病死率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论高龄AMI患者行急诊PCI治疗是安全有效的。     

134例高龄老人急性心肌梗塞临床特点

目的:探讨高龄老年人急性心肌梗塞(AMI)的临床特点。方法:AMI患者年龄≥70岁的被确定为AMI高龄组,共134例;<70岁的为AMI对照组,共152例。通过对首发症状、心电图改变、主要并发症和病死率、病死原因分析,总结出高龄老人AMI的临床特点。结果:高龄AMI组和AMI对照组比较,典型心前区疼痛发生率(53.7%) 显著减少(P<0.01),无Q波梗塞和心肌再梗塞显著增加,而右室梗塞显著减少(P均<0.05);总并发症发生率显著增多(P<0.01),特别心是律失常和心力衰竭(P<0.01),心源性休克亦明显增多(P<0.05);死亡率(31.3%) 较AMI对照组(10.5%)显著增加(P<0.01)。结论:高龄老人AMI心前区疼痛症状多不典型,无Q波梗塞和心肌再梗塞发生率高;心律失常、心力衰竭和心源性休克发生率高,并为常见死亡原因。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死后慢血流-无再流发生的相关因素研究

目的研究急性心肌梗死（AMI）病人急诊行经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗后慢血流-无再流发生的相关因素及临床事件的发生情况。方法将74例急诊PCI病人分为正常血流组和慢血流-无再流组,分析慢血流-无再流发生的相关因素及其与临床事件发生的关系。结果两组入院时血糖水平、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）峰值、急诊PCI术前0级血流、严重心力衰竭、从症状发作到球囊扩张时间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;PCI术后院内发生严重心力衰竭、恶性心律失常、心因性死亡差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。入院血糖水平、AMI前心绞痛缺如、严重心力衰竭、急诊PCI术前0级血流是慢血流-无再流发生的独立预测因素。结论急诊PCI可能发生慢血流-无再流现象。入院血糖水平、AMI前无心绞痛、严重心力衰竭、急诊PCI术前0级血流是慢血流-无再流发生的独立预测因素。     

血栓抽吸联合替罗非班在急诊冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的:观察血栓抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的疗效及安全性.方法:选择符合条件的AMI患者340例,均行急诊PCI,PCI术中应用血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班的180例患者作为观察组,直接行PCI的160例患者作为对照组,观察2组术后冠状动脉血流灌注水平(TIMI分级)、心肌灌注水平(TMP分级),无复流或慢血流发生率,住院期间再梗死、梗死相关血管再次血运重建、心力衰竭发生率、30 d内的死亡率、出血等并发症发生率.结果:观察组在术后冠状动脉血流灌注水平、心肌灌注水平均较对照组升高,而无复流或慢血流发生率则明显减少;观察组在住院期间再梗死、目标血管再次血运重建、心力衰竭发生率、30 d内的死亡率等方面,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组在出血等并发症发生率方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:AMI患者行急诊PCI过程中,应用血栓抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班可明显减少慢血流、无复流等并发症的发生,从而降低病死率,改善近期预后,是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

Absence of preinfarction angina is associated with a risk of no-reflow phenomenon after primary coronary angioplasty for a first anterior wall acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: No-reflow phenomenon after primary coronary angioplasty is associated with poorer left ventricular (LV) function and prognosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical significance of preinfarction angina in the no-reflow phenomenon. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 40 patients with first anterior AMI were examined. All patients underwent primary balloon angioplasty or stenting within 12 h of the onset of AMI. No-reflow, defined as TIMI grade 2 flow or less without residual stenosis after angioplasty, was observed in 15 patients. Patients with no-reflow were older (67+/-9 vs. 58+/-10 years, P=0.006) and had a lower incidence of preinfarction angina (7% vs. 48%, P=0.01) than those without no-reflow. Patients with no-reflow had poorer LV function at predischarge and a higher incidence of pump failure, LV aneurysm, malignant ventricular arrhythmias or cardiac death during the hospital course in association with higher peak serum C-reactive protein levels (12.7+/-8.0 vs. 7.1+/-5.5 mg/dl, P=0.02). Multivariate analysis showed that the absence of preinfarction angina was a major independent determinant of no-reflow (RR=17.1, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The absence of preinfarction angina is more frequently observed in patients with no-reflow. The beneficial effect of preinfarction angina on LV function may be explained, at least in part, by prevention of no-reflow after reperfusion.     

Preinfarction angina as a major predictor of left ventricular function and long-term prognosis after a first Q wave myocardial infarction

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of preinfarction angina after a first Q wave myocardial infarction. Patients with anterior or inferior myocardial infarction were compared.Background. The effect of preinfarction angina on prognosis after anterior and inferior myocardial infarction remains unclear.Methods. A total of 291 patients with a first Q wave anterior (n = 171) or inferior (n = 120) myocardial infarction were examined to assess the effect of preinfarction angina on short- and long-term prognosis. The relation between predischarge left ventriculographic findings and preinfarction angina was also examined.Results. The presence of preinfarction angina was associated with lower peak creatine kinase activity, a lower in-hospital incidence of sustained ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation and a lower incidence of pump failure and cardiac mortality in patients with either anterior or inferior infarction. Among patients with anterior infarction, preinfarction angina was associated with a lower incidence of cardiac rupture and less need for readmission for heart failure within 1 year after the onset of infarction. In this subgroup it was also associated with a higher ejection fraction, a smaller end-diastolic volume and a lower incidence of aneurysm formation noted on ventriculography during convalescence. In patients with inferior infarction, these variables did not differ significantly in the presence or absence of preinfarction angina. Multivariate analysis confirmed that the presence of preinfarction angina was an independent predictor of development of ventricular aneurysm, late phase heart failure and 1-year cardiac mortality.Conclusions. The presence of preinfarction angina has a favorable effect on infarct expansion and late phase left ventricular function, especially in patients with anterior myocardial infarction. The mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are not known but may be secondary to limitations of infarct size through unidentified mechanisms other than collateralization (e.g., ischemic preconditioning).     

hs-CRP is a potential predictor of no-reflow in patients with AMI after emergency PCI

The paper aims to determine whether the inflammation,a powerful risk factor that has been demonstrated for the development of coronary artery disease,plays a role in no-reflow phenomenon in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods We prospectively analyzed 656 patients with AMI after primary PCI.Based on post-PCI angiography data,patients were divided into two groups:the no-reflow group (TIMI=2,n =60) and the reflow group (TIMI=3,n =596).Results Our results showed that the inflammatory factors including leukocyte count (×109/L) (10.90±4.04 vs.9.12±2.98 P =0.002),hs-CRP (5.04±0.71 vs.4.70±0.75 P =0.001) and other factor platelet count (×109/L) (210.96±33.42 vs.196.41±46.06 P =0.033) in no-reflow group are significantly higher than those in reflow group,major adverse cardiac events happened in the patients with no-reflow are higher than in reflow patients no matter in hospital or at the end of follow-up.We also found the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) dramatically decreased (58.65±9.34 vs.51.29±11.38,P＜0.001) and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) significantly increased (49.94±6.75 mm vs.54.66±6.68mm,P＜0.001) in no-reflow patients at the end of follow-up.Conclusions Our results suggest that inflammation factors function in no-reflow phenomenon,and no-reflow is a serious complication after primary PCI which predicts poor left ventricular systolic functional recovery and mortality in patients with AMI.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2008;5:217-222)     

急性心肌梗死中缺血预适应可否保护心肌

目的探讨心肌梗死前心绞痛对心肌产生的缺血预适应,对行经皮冠状动脉介入术急性心肌梗死患者是否有近期及远期的保护作用。方法急性心肌梗死113例,介入术组(68例)行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术,非介入术组(45例)没行再灌注治疗。观察急性心肌梗死前48h有否心绞痛发作,再分为心绞痛阳性和心绞痛阴性两亚组。观察两组患者的预后。结果介入术组的心绞痛阳性和心绞痛阴性两亚组住院期间心力衰竭、心源性休克、心肌酶峰值、心源性死亡、左室射血分数以及随诊期心力衰竭、心绞痛发生率、心源性死亡的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);非介入术组的AP阳性亚组住院期间心力衰竭、心源性休克、心肌酶峰值及达峰时间均较低、左室射血分数较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),随诊期心绞痛发生率、心源性死亡似有增高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论心肌梗死前心绞痛对行经皮冠状动脉介入术的急性心肌梗死患者保护作用不显著,对没行再灌注治疗的急性心肌梗死患者,可改善近期预后,但远期保护作用不明显。     

Is the beneficial effect of preinfarction angina related to an immune response?

Immune-mediated mechanisms are thought to play a key role in the development of coronary artery disease and its thrombotic complications. Preinfarction angina has been suggested to improve left ventricular function and short-term outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between the immune response and in-hospital clinical course in preinfarction angina. We prospectively evaluated 93 patients. Forty-three patients exhibited preinfarction angina within 24 hours before the onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (preinfarction angina group) and 50 patients were free from preinfarction angina (sudden onset group). The incidence of complications (heart failure, recurrent angina, arrhythmia and coronary interventions) and in-hospital mortality were assessed in the two study groups. We detected some immune markers, including white blood cells, C-reactive protein, immunoglobulins, and complement. White blood cells and CRP were significantly lower in the preinfarction angina group than in the sudden onset group (P < 0.001, P < 0.005, respectively). Conversely, IgE and C(4) were significantly higher in the preinfarction angina group than in the sudden onset group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). The incidences of heart failure and severe arrhythmias were lower in the preinfarction group than in the sudden onset group (P < 0.005, P < 0.05 respectively). The beneficial effect of preinfarction angina may be associated with an immune-inflammatory response modified by a brief ischemic episode.     

急性心肌梗死介入术后无复流患者血清补体4a水平和血小板聚集率的变化

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后无复流患者血清补体4a(C4a)水平和血小板聚集率的变化.方法 入选行PCI的AMI患者119例,其中介入术后冠状动脉无复流患者(无复流组)28例,冠状动脉恢复血流患者(复流组)91例和疑似冠心病而行冠状动脉造影检查结果正常者(对照组)30例.检测对照组冠状动脉造影前和无复流组、复流组介入术前30 min,术后即刻、30 min、1 h、2 h、半年的C4a水平和血小板聚集率,并观察其变化.结果 无复流组、复流组和对照组术前30 min C4a水平差异无统计学意义.无复流组和复流组术前30 min血小板聚集率均高于对照组(P均＜0.05).无复流组术后即刻、30min和1 h C4a水平和血小板聚集率均高于术前和术后2 h、半年,同时也均高于复流组术后即刻、30 min和1 h(P均＜0.05).复流组不同时间的C4a水平和血小板聚集率差异无统计学意义.无复流组术后即刻、30 min和1 h,C4a水平与血小板聚集率呈正相关(r值分别为0.91、0.79和0.60,P均＜0.01).结论 C4a水平和血小板聚集率在AMI患者PCI术后早期短暂升高.

Abstract：

Objective To observe serum C4a and platelet aggregation rates changes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)and association with the development of no-reflow phenomenon. Methods From June 2006 to August 2009, 119 AMI patients underwent PCI (28 cases of no-reflow group, 91 cases of reflow group)and 30 subjects with suspected coronary heart diseases and normal coronary angiography results (control group) were enrolled in this study. C4a and platelet aggregation rate were measured at 30 minutes before PCI, immediately after PCI,30 minutes,l hour,2 hour, and 6 months post PCI in AMI patients and at before coronary angiography in control subjects. Results The levels of serum C4a at 30 minutes prior to PCI in control, no-reflow, and reflow groups were similar(P ＞0. 05). Platelet aggregation rate at 30 minutes prior to PCI was significantly higher in no-reflow group and reflow group than in control group ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ). Serum C4a and platelet aggregation rates were significantly higher in no-reflow group at immediate, 30 minutes and 1 hour after PCI than at 30 minutes prior to PCI, two hours and 6 months after PCI ( all P ＜ 0. 05), and were significantly higher than in reflow group at immediate, 30 minutes and 1 hour after PCI ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ). Serum C4a and platelet aggregation rates were similar at different time points in reflow group ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). The levels of C4a in no-reflow group at immediate, 30 minutes and 1 hour after PCI were positively correlated with platelet aggregation rates (r=0. 91,0. 79 ,0. 60 ,respectively ,all P＜0.01). Conclusion The transient increase on levels of C4a and platelet aggregation rate early post PCI are verified in no-reflow patients with AMI undergoing PCI.