血红素氧合酶在去势大鼠阴茎海绵体的表达

目的:研究血红素氧合酶(HO)在去势大鼠阴茎海绵体的表达,探讨其在雄激素缺乏的勃起功能障碍发生中的机制。方法:40只10周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分成:假手术2周组(A组),假手术4周组(B组),去势2周组(C组),去势4周组(D组)。术后2、4周检测血清睾酮水平,免疫组化及RT-PCR技术检测HO及nNOS在大鼠阴茎海绵体的表达。结果:去势组大鼠较假手术组血清睾酮水平显著下降,[AvsC:(283.222±117.171)ng/dlvs(7.117±3.700)ng/dl;BvsD:(289.280±87.413)ng/dlvs(48.826±19.477)ng/dl](P<0.01)、HO-1、HO-2蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.01),去势组HO-1、HO-2及nNOSmRNA表达较假手术组显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:雄激素可能通过HO-CO系统部分调控阴茎勃起功能。     

大鼠脊髓中血红素氧合酶基因的表达及其意义

目的观察正常大鼠脊髓中血红素氧和酶(H0)的表达和分布。方法雌性SD大鼠10只，按体重配成5对。每对随机分为正常组和诱导组，后者予以42℃热水浸泡躯体20min。取其中3对大鼠胸腰段脊髓，提取RNA后进行北方印迹分析；2对做免疫组织化学检测。结果HO-1探针检测到1．8kb mRNA，诱导组的丰度数倍于正常组。HO-2探针检测到两组标本都表达两种同源mRNA(1．3kb和1．9kb)，表达量相仿。免疫组织化学显示HO-1阳性细胞主要分布于前角神经元，诱导鼠中间带也可出现；HO-2阳性细胞散布于整个灰质中。结论HO参与脊髓信号传导和应激反应。     

诱导血红素氧合酶-1对脂肪供肝缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨诱导血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)是否可减轻大鼠脂肪变性供肝移植后缺血再灌注损伤及其机制.方法 sD大鼠敢予高脂饲料喂养4周后彤成轻度脂肪变性供肝;随机分为3组,A组(n=25)供肝切取前24 h腹腔注射血晶素125 mg/kg;B组(n=25)供肝切取前24 h腹腔注射血晶素125 mg/kg,移植肝血流开放时静脉注射Znpp 1.5 mg/kg,C组(n=25)供肝切取前腹腔注射生理盐水;受体肝移植后3、6、12、24、48 h分别取移植肝组织检测HO-1活性,放射免疫法检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子中(TNF)-α水平,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色病理学检查缺血再灌注损伤程度.结果 术后各时段HO-1活性A组均显著强于B组及C组(P<0.05),而B组和C组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后各时段肿瘤坏死因子-α水平A组均显著低于B组及C组(P<0.05),而B组和C组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组移植肝缺血再灌注损伤以术后12 h最为明显,A组表现为轻度,而B组及C组表现为中度缺血再灌注损伤.结论 诱导HO-1可通过抑制TNF-α的表达而减轻脂肪供肝移植术后缺血再灌注损伤.     

血红素氧合酶2在去势大鼠阴茎海绵体内的表达

目的:研究去势大鼠阴茎海绵体血红素氧合酶2(HO-2)和内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)的表达,探讨雄激素与HO-2、eNOS在ED中的作用及相关性。方法:10周龄雄性SD大鼠40只,分为4、8、12周组和正常对照组各10只,实验组采取手术切除双侧睾丸,对照组采取假手术。分别于术后4、8、12周测定大鼠血清睾酮(T)、阴茎海绵体内压(ICP)、平均颈动脉压(MAP),取阴茎标本,采用Western印迹分析阴茎海绵体HO-2含量,免疫组化分析HO-2和eNOS的表达。结果:去势各组血清T水平较正常对照组显著下降(P<0.05)。经3V、5V电压刺激后去势各组ICP/MAP值明显下降(P<0.05)。HO-2在正常和去势大鼠阴茎海绵体组织均有表达,去势4周组HO-2光密度分布曲线下面积(341.50±99.70)较正常组(876±443.36)和去势8周组(705.00±152.74)明显下降(P<0.05),去势8周与正常组之间无显著变化(P>0.05),去势12周没有检测到HO-2的表达。eNOS主要表达于阴茎海绵体血管内皮细胞,去势组eNOS(123.94±30.23)较正常组(421.21±125.12)差异有显著性(P<0.05)。T与eNOS和HO-2表达呈高度正相关(r=0.976、0.946,P均<0.05)。结论:雄激素可能通过影响大鼠阴茎海绵体HO-2、eNOS的表达参与阴茎勃起功能调控。     

血红素氧合酶-1在临床肝移植中肝脏保护作用的研究

目的 研究移植肝脏血红素氧合酶(HO-1)表达水平与缺血再灌注损伤和移植术后肝脏功能的关系.方法 研究28例人类临床原位肝脏移植,根据供肝血红素氧合酶(HO-1)表达的平均值将供肝分为两组:移植前供肝HO-1高表达组和移植前供肝HO-1低表达组.比较两组移植术后血浆AST、ALT水平、胆汁中胆盐含量以及术前术后HO-1 mRNA和蛋白表达情况.结果 再灌注后移植术前HO-1低表达组的HO-1 mRNA表达显著增加,而高表达组HO-1 mRNA表达却有所下降.肝脏移植后,术前HO-1低表达组与高表达组相比,血浆转氨酶显著降低,胆汁中胆盐含量明显高于后者.结论 移植术前HO-1低表达组供肝在再灌注过程中能够进一步诱导HO-1表达,与高表达组供肝相比其所遭受的缺血再灌注损伤较轻,移植术后肝脏功能较好.移植过程中HO-1表达的增强要比移植前HO-1高表达更具有细胞保护作用.免疫荧光染色证实枯否细胞是人类肝脏表达HO-1的主要部位.     

血红素氧合酶在糖尿病大鼠阴茎海绵体的表达

目的 检测血红素氧合酶1和2( HO-1/HO-2)在糖尿病(DM)大鼠阴茎海绵体(CC)的表达变化,探讨其在糖尿病相关勃起功能中的作用.方法 SD雄性大鼠50只,随机取30只制作糖尿病模型,余20只为正常对照.4周和8周后用阿扑吗啡试验评价大鼠勃起功能;免疫组织化学法及Western blot法检测HO-1、HO-2在大鼠CC内的表达部位及水平.结果 DM大鼠勃起次数在4周(2.17±0.94)和8周(0.85±1.07)时与对照组[4.0±1.15(4周);4.2±1.32(8周)]比均下降(P＜0.01),HO-1在4周(32.87±3.22)和8周(20.65±2.34)时的表达高于相应对照组[13.52±3.25(4周);12.35±2.29(8周)],P＜0.01,但8周较4周表达降低(P＜0.01),HO-2在4周(14.32±1.21)和8周(8.82±2.35)时的表达均低于相应对照组[20.91±2.07(4周);21.02±2.10(8周)],P＜0.01,且随时间逐渐加重(P＜0.01);对照组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 糖尿病造成大鼠勃起功能下降,可能与HO在DM大鼠CC内的表达降低密切相关.     

雌激素对大鼠阴道平滑肌细胞兰尼碱受体1和L-型钙通道V1.3表达的影响

目的:研究卵巢去势大鼠阴道平滑肌中兰尼碱受体1(RyR1)和L-型钙通道V1.3(Cav1.3)的表达,以探讨RyR1和Cav1.3与雌激素在女性性功能障碍中的相关性。方法:40只8周龄雌性SD大鼠随机均分成:假手术2周组(A组)、假手术4周组(B组)、去势2周组(C组)和去势4周组(D组)。术后2、4周运用全自动化学发光免疫法测定各组大鼠血清雌激素水平,RT-PCR和免疫组化法检测阴道平滑肌中RyR1和Cav1.3的mRNA及其蛋白表达。灰度比值表示RyR1和Cav1.3的mRNA表达量,积分光密度值表示RyR1和Cav1.3蛋白表达量。结果:血清雌激素水平C组[(0.210±0.026)nmol/L]较A组[(0.505±0.053)nmol/L]显著降低(P<0.01),D组[(0.130±0.031)nmol/L]较B组[(0.476±0.058)nmol/L]显著降低(P<0.01)。RyR1和Cav1.3在各组大鼠阴道平滑肌内均有表达。RyR1mRNA灰度比值C组(0.680±0.073)较A组(0.950±0.064)显著降低(P<0.01),D组(0.220±0.032)较B组(0.890±0.072)显著降低(P<0.01);Cav1.3mRNA灰度比值C组(0.580±0.043)较A组(0.870±0.019)显著降低(P<0.01),D组(0.190±0.020)较B组(0.820±0.021)显著降低(P<0.01)。RyR1蛋白表达积分光密度值C组(96.67±7.75)较A组(123.69±10.66)显著降低(P<0.01),D组(86.45±8.16)较B组(109.31±9.87)显著降低(P<0.01);Cav1.3蛋白表达积分光密度值C组(87.97±6.96)较A组(106.46±8.04)显著下降(P<0.01),D组(69.43±8.30)较B组(97.38±7.56)显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:RyR1和Cav1.3在大鼠阴道平滑肌内均有表达,雌激素可能通过影响大鼠阴道平滑肌中RyR1和Cav1.3的表达参与女性性反应调控。     

移植物转染血红素氧合酶-1基因抑制慢性移植物血管病

目的探讨移植物转染血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1）基因对慢性移植物血管病的影响。方法克隆HO-1基因，并构建含有HO-1基因的重组腺病毒载体（Ad-HO-1），实验分为4组：A组为同系移植对照组，供、受者均为Lewis大鼠，无特殊处理；B组为同种移植对照组，Lewis大鼠接受未经处理的BN大鼠胸主动脉移植；C组为同种移植空载体对照组，Lewis大鼠接受以空载体（不含HO-1基因）处理的BN大鼠的胸主动脉移植；D组为同种移植实验组，Lewis大鼠接受转染HO-1基因的BN大鼠的胸主动脉移植。于移植后60d取移植动脉，进行组织形态学观察，测量内膜厚度；免疫组化和逆转录聚合酶链反应检测HO-1在移植动脉中的表达。结果A组移植动脉形态正常；B组、C组移植动脉呈移植物血管病表现，血管内膜显著增厚，D组移植动脉呈内膜炎改变，内膜厚度与B组、C组相比，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。免疫组化及RT-PCR检测显示，与A组、B组和C组相比，D组移植动脉可以检测到HO-1基因及其蛋白表达。结论在移植血管中预先转染HO-1基因，能明显缓解移植动脉的纤维化进程以及内膜的增生，对慢性排斥反应所致的移植物血管病具有抑制作用。     

血红素氧合酶1对大鼠心肌细胞急性损伤的保护作用

目的 了解血红素氧合酶1(HO-1)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的心肌细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制. 方法分离培养SD乳鼠心肌细胞,根据细胞悬液中所加刺激物的不同分为对照组(A组):常规培养;LPS组(B组):培养液中加入终浓度为30 μmol/L的LPS,作用1 h;LPS+氯化血红素(heroin)组(C组):加入终浓度为5 μmol/L的heroin,作用1 h后再加入30 μmol/L的LPS作用1 h;LPS+ZnPP组(D组):加入终浓度为3 μmol/L的ZnPPⅨ,作用1 h后再加入30 μmol/L的LPS作用1 h.硫代巴比妥酸比色法及黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定各组心肌细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量;检测心肌细胞节律、存活率及凋亡率;用反转录-PCR法检测HO-1 mRNA表达;蛋白质印迹法检测心肌细胞HO-1、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、核因子кB(NF-кB)的表达. 结果 B、C、D组LDH和MDA值分别为(113±15)、(79±13)、(154±22)U/L和(1.88±0.36)、(1.16±0.32)、(2.84±0.44)mmol/L,高于A组[(69±10)U/L、(0.87±0.25)mmol/L,P<0.05],而以上3组的SOD值[(17.8±1.8)、(22.5±2.4)、(13.4±1.5)U/mL]却低于A组[(24.3±3.6)U/mL,P<0.05].B、C、D组心肌细胞节律,凋亡率均高于A组(P<0.05),存活率低于A组(P<0.05).B、C、D组心肌细胞HO-1 mRNA表达均高于A组(P<0.05),其中C组最高.B、C、D组心肌细胞HO-1、TNF-α、NF-кB值均高于A组(P<0.05),其中C组的HO-1值最高,D组TNF-α、NF-кB值最高. 结论 LPS对心肌细胞有明显的损伤作用.HO-1可能通过抗炎性反应、减轻氧化应激以及减少细胞凋亡途径,对心肌细胞产生保护作用.     

血红素氧合酶-1在器官移植中的作用

本文简要介绍了血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)在器官移植中抑制缺血再灌注损伤、调节T细胞活化增殖、抑制排斥反应、诱导免疫耐受等方面的作用,以及临床中HO-1表达的影响因素。     

不同月龄大鼠阴茎组织中血红素氧合酶2和一氧化碳含量的比较研究

目的:比较不同月龄大鼠阴茎海绵体组织中血红素氧合酶2(HO-2)及一氧化碳(CO)的含量,探讨HO-2/CO系统与年龄的相关性。方法:应用SABC免疫组化染色法观察8、16、24月龄(每组10只)大鼠阴茎组织中的HO-2并用图像分析法测定其含量;通过碳氧血红素曲线法测定阴茎组织中CO的含量。结果:阴茎海绵体组织中普遍存在HO-2,特别是在阴茎动脉外膜层周围及血窦内皮细胞系统中的含量较多,并且随着月龄的增长,阴茎海绵体组织中HO-2的含量逐步下降,高月龄组(16、24月龄)大鼠阴茎海绵体组织中HO-2含量明显低于低月龄组(8月龄)大鼠(P<0.05);阴茎海绵体组织中CO水平也随着大鼠月龄的增长显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:阴茎海绵体组织中因HO-2含量降低而导致CO含量下降且与年龄增长相关。     

Heme oxygenase-1 induction by hemin protects against gut ischemia/reperfusion injury

BACKGROUND: We have shown that both intraischemic hypothermia and hypertonic saline resuscitation provide dramatic protection against gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury that is in part mediated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). We therefore hypothesized that induction of HO-1 by hemin would lessen damage and improve function after gut I/R. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 50 micromol/kg hemin (HO-1 inducer ferric protoporphyrin IX chloride) sq or vehicle 2 h before superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 60 min or sham laparotomy. After 6 h of reperfusion, transit was determined by quantitation of percentage of tracer in 10 equal segments of small intestine 30 min following injection into the duodenum (expressed as mean geometric center). Ileum was harvested for assessment of mucosal histologic injury (Chiu score 0-5 by blinded observer), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO, index of inflammation), and HO-1 protein expression. RESULTS: Hemin treatment was associated with increased HO-1 protein expression, lessened mucosal injury, decreased MPO activity, and improved intestinal transit following gut I/R. CONCLUSION: These data corroborate that HO-1 plays an important role in protecting the gut against I/R-induced injury.     

Gene Transfer of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide Delivery Inhibit Chronic Rejection

The hallmark of chronic rejection is the occlusion of the artery lumen by intima hyperplasia as a consequence of leukocyte infiltration and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a tissue protective molecule which degrades heme into carbon monoxide (CO), free iron and biliverdin. We analyzed the effects of HO-1 gene transfer into the vessel wall using an adenoviral vector (AdHO-1) and of CO delivery in a model of chronic allogeneic aorta rejection in rats. Carbon monoxide treatment was achieved by a new pharmacological approach in transplantation using methylene chloride (MC), which releases CO after degradation. AdHO-1-mediated gene transfer into aorta endothelial cells (ECs) or CO delivery resulted in a significant reduction in intimal thickness compared to untreated or noncoding adenovirus-treated controls. Aortas transduced with AdHO-1 or treated with CO showed a reduction in the number of leukocytes as well as in the expression of adhesion molecules, costimulatory molecules and cytokines, with the gene transfer treatment displaying a more pronounced effect than the CO treatment. Conversely, CO inhibited VSMC accumulation in the intima more efficiently than AdHO-1 treatment. Gene transfer of HO-1 and pharmacological manipulation of CO are novel approaches to the analysis and treatment of chronic rejection.     

Assessment of heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） activity in the cavernous tissues of sildenafil citrate-treated rats

Aim： To assess heine oxygenase-1 （HO-1） activity in the cavemous tissue of sildenafil citrate-treated rats. Methods： One hundred and ninety-two Sprague-Dawley male rats, divided into four equal groups, were investigated. Group 1, the control group, received regular animal chow; group 2 received sildenafil citrate by intragastric tube; group 3 received sildenafil and HO inhibitor （zinc protoporphyrin, ZnPP）; and group 4 received sildenafil and nitric oxide synthase （NOS） inhibitor L-nitroarginine methyl ester （L-NAME）. Twelve rats from each group were killed after 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h of drug administration. Then HO-1 activity, cGMP levels and NOS enzymatic activity in the cavernous tissues were estimated. Results： In cavemous tissue, HO-1 activity, NOS enzymatic activity and cGMP concentration increased significantly in sildenafil-treated rats compared to other groups throughout the experiment. Rats receiving either HO or NOS inhibitors showed a significant decrease in these parameters. HO- 1 cavemous tissue activity and NOS enzymatic activity demonstrated a positive significant correlation with cGMP levels （r = 0.646, r = 0.612 respectively; P 〈 0.001）. Conclusion： The actions of PDE5 inhibitor sildenafil citrate in the cavernous tissue are partly mediated through the interdependent relationship between both HO-1 and NOS activities.     

Theophylline protects against glycerol-induced acute renal failure: Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 and glutathione in rat kidney

Background To investigate the mechanism of glycerol-induced renal injury, we examined kidney levels of the cellular antioxidant glutathione and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation, after glycerol injection. Methods Male Wistar rats were injected with glycerol to induce acute renal failure. Serum creatinine levels were used as a marker of renal function at 24 hours after glycerol injection. Theophylline and buthionine sulfoximine or vehicle were administered to the rats after glycerol injection, and we determined renal glutathione levels (by biochemical assay) and the levels of HO-1 protein and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA; using immunoblot analysis [kidney only]) in various rat organs at 24 hours after glycerol injection. Results Glutathione levels abruptly declined after glycerol injection, reached a minimum at 4 hours, then returned to about two thirds of control levels at 24 hours. HO-1 protein was detected at 4 hours and reached a maximum at 24 hours. The induction of HO-1 protein was observed only in the kidney. HO-1 mRNA was faintly expressed at 2 hours, increased until at least 8 hours, and was not detected 24 hours after the treatment. When theophylline was administered to glycerol-injected rats, renal function improved and glutathione levels increased. In addition, the levels of HO-1 protein decreased, compared with those of glycerol-treated rats not given theophylline. Conclusions These results suggest that theophylline may act by modulating the HO-1 directly or indirectly.     

血红素加氧酶-1对心肺复苏诱发大鼠脑水肿发生的影响

目的 探讨血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)对心肺复苏诱发大鼠脑水肿发生的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、心肺复苏组(CAR组)、氯化高铁血红素组(H组)和锡原卟啉组(SnPP组).CAR组、H组和SnPP组进行窒息性心跳骤停后行心肺复苏,H组预先12 h经腹腔注射氯化高铁血红素15 mg/kg,SnPP组预先1 h经腹腔注射锡原卟啉Ⅸ30 μmol/kg.各组于恢复自主循环(ROSC)后1 h和6 h时断头取脑组织,测定脑皮质、海马和脑干含水量,测定HO-1和水通道蛋白4(AQP4)mRNA表达.结果 与S组比较,CAR组和SnPP组皮质和海马含水量增加,海马AQP4 mRNA表达上调,H组HO-1 mRNA表达上调,SnPP组HO-4 mRNA表达下调(P<0.05);与CAR组比较,H组皮质和海马含水量降低,皮质及海马AQP4 mRNA表达下调,HO-1 mRNA表达上调(P<0.05),SnPP组T_2时皮质及海马AQP4 mRNA表达上调,HO-1 mRNA表达下调(P<0.05),各组脑干含水量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 HO-1活性增高可减轻大鼠心肺复苏早期脑水肿,其机制可能与下调AQP4的表达有关.     

Nrf2 / HO-1通路在电针减轻肢体缺血再灌注诱发兔肺损伤中的作用

目的:观察核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)/血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)信号通路在电针减轻肢体缺血再灌注诱发兔肺损伤中的作用。方法:40只健康雄性新西兰大白兔,采用随机数字表法分为假手术组、模型组、电针组和全反式维甲酸组(n=10)。采用夹闭股动脉3 h、再灌注4 h的方法制备兔肢体缺血再灌注模型;电针组、全反式维甲酸组于模型制备前1～4 d(30 min/次,1次/d)及模型制备过程中电针足三里穴和肺俞穴,采用疏密波2/15 Hz,强度以兔出现轻微肌颤为宜;全反式维甲酸组于模型制备前30 min腹腔注射Nrf2抑制剂全反式维甲酸7 mg/kg。再灌注4 h时采集颈动脉血样,随后处死兔取肺组织,观察病理学结果并行肺损伤评分,计算肺湿/干重(W/D)比值;测定肺组织MDA含量及SOD活性,采用Western blotting法检测肺组织Nrf2总蛋白、Nrf2核蛋白及HO-l蛋白表达水平。结果:模型组、电针组和全反式维甲酸组再灌注4 h时肺损伤评分分别为5.43±0.82、4.03±0.56、6.21±0.75,均明显高于假手术组(0.92±0.21,P0.05);肺组织W/D比值分别为6.42±1.00、4.45±0.68、7.08±1.12,均明显高于假手术组(2.04±0.29,P0.05);MDA含量分别为(4.82±0.51)nmol/mg、(3.56±0.45)nmol/mg、(5.18±0.47)nmol/mg,均明显高于假手术组(2.10±0.23)nmol/mg,P0.05;SOD活性分别为(50.6±6.3)U/mg、(63.1±7.7)U/mg、(47.2±5.6)U/mg,均明显低于假手术组(72.6±6.3)U/mg,P0.05;Nrf2总蛋白、Nrf2核蛋白及HO-l蛋白表达水平均明显高于假手术组(P0.05)。与模型组比较,电针组再灌注4 h时肺损伤评分、肺组织W/D比值、MDA含量均明显降低(P0.05),SOD活性、Nrf2总蛋白、核蛋白及HO-l蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P0.05)。与电针组比较,全反式维甲酸组再灌注4 h时肺损伤评分、肺组织W/D比值、MDA含量均明显升高(P0.05),SOD活性、Nrf2总蛋白、核蛋白及HO-l蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P0.05)。结论:Nrf2/HO-1信号通路激活参与了电针减轻肢体缺血再灌注诱发兔肺损伤的过程。