8 463例正常分娩新生儿体重、胎位与孕母年龄的对应分析

目的 研究正常分娩新生３种变量共３种二维对应关系，即孕母年龄与新生儿体重、孕母年龄与胎位、胎位与体重间的关系，并以几何坐标图表达。方法 福州地区一家大型综合性医院１４年的出生登记资料１２７５５例新生儿中，选择单胎活产、无并发症、非早产、非手术产８４６３例新生儿资料，用ＳＰＳＳ ｆｏｒ Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ（Ｖ７．５）中的ＡＮＡＣＯＲ命令进行统计分析与绘图。结果 发现：（１）〈２１岁的孕母（低龄）倾向于出     

室内公共场所空气质量指标的对数线性模型分析

「目的」对公共场所多种空气质量分类指标间的关系,用多维列联表来表达;分析气温（ＴＥＭ）、负离子浓度（ＮＩ）、二氧化碳（ＣＯ２）含量对空气中的细菌总数（ＢＡＣ）的影响;用对数线性模型来评价效应的主次和估计交互作用的大小。「方法」收集５家歌舞厅６６个监测点的上述４个空气质量指标的数据,以ＳＰＳＳ１０．０ｆｏｒＷｉｎｄｏｗｓ建立数据库并进行数据处理。用对数线性模型分析。「结果」通过其最佳模型,发现影响空气中细菌总数多少的主要因素是二氧化碳与负离子浓度,其中ＣＯ２＊ＢＡＣ交互作用最大,参数估计为＋０．４６７３;其次是ＣＯ２＊ＮＩ,参数估计为－４２４６。「结论」二氧化碳含量与负离子浓度均会影响空气中的细菌总数,前者为正向影响,后者为反向影响。增加通风以减少二氧化碳蓄积并增设负离子发生器,可减少室内公共场所空气中的细菌总数     

三类公共场所空气污染指标的分析与评价

「目的」研究有中央空调的公共场所空气污染指标，提出评价、改进意见。「方法」调查福州市区５家公共场所的监测数据（１９９６￣１９９８年），以均数比较和同质分析（ＨＯＭＡＬＳ）法进行统计分析与绘图。「结果」二氧化碳、一氧化碳含量和细菌总数均值以夜总会最高，客房最低（Ｐ〈０．０１）；桑那休息厅居中，二氧化碳与前两者比较差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）；同质分析显示夜总会空气二氧化碳、一氧化碳含量高和高细菌总数     

染色体异态性与生育异常的初步探讨

「目的」探讨染色体结构异态性与生育异常的关系。「方法」采用外周血淋巴细胞培养法，Ｇ、Ｃ显带，对４７０对生育异常夫妇进行染色体分析。「结果」４７０对（９４０）例夫妇中单方变异染色体占９．７％，双方均出现变异染色体占２．１％。变异核型表现有大Ｙ，Ｄ／Ｇ Ｓ＾＋，ｑｈ＾＋，ｉｎｖ（９）。「结论」染色体异态性可能与生育异常有关。     

2株分离的嗜人T细胞白血病病毒Ⅰ型的PCR检测

「目的」用ＰＣＲ法检测嗜人Ｔ细胞白血病病毒Ⅰ型（ＨＴＬＶ－Ⅰ）的分离情况。「方法」采集２例日本鹿儿岛县成人Ｔ淋巴细胞白血病（ＡＬＴ）病人的肝素抗凝血,分离外周血单核细胞（ＰＢＭＣｓ）,加入植物血凝素和白介素－２,与健康人ＰＢＭＣｓ共培养进行ＨＴＬＶ－Ｉ的分离,然后抽提ＤＮＡ,用ＨＴＬＶ－Ｉ的ｇａｘｌ两引物进行ＰＣＲ扩增,对扩增产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳确定病原分离结果。「结果」２株都扩增出了ＨＴＬＶ－     

电脑用于儿童气质的测查与分析

「目的」为对中国１３岁以下个例儿童气质测量和群体样本分析,开发中国儿童气质问题测查系统（Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ Ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ’ｓ Ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｍｅｎｔ Ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ Ｓｃｒｅｅｎｉｎｇ Ｓｙｓｔｅｍ,以下简称ＣＣＴＰＳｓ）。「方法」依据中国４￣８月、１￣３岁、３￣７岁和８￣１２岁婴幼儿童气质量青常模、气质分型标准,在Ｗｎｄｏｗｓ’９８环境处采用面向对象的可视化编程语言实现。「结果」输出气质各维度的     

中央空调娱乐场所空气环境及其相关指标的探讨

「目的」研究中央空调娱乐场所空气指标,探讨空气改善意见。「方法」监测福州市５家具有中央空调的歌舞娱乐厅,用ＳＰＳＳ８．０ｆｏｓ Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ软件包进行统计分析。「结果」空场时室内空气负离子低于室外（Ｐ〈０．０１）,开场后更低,而气温、二氧化碳增加,与开场前比较差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ〈０．０１）;喷泉开启１小时后相对湿度、负离子及安培评价指数增加（Ｐ〈０．０１）,细菌总数、二氧化碳降低,与开喷前比     

胎粪吸入综合征的防治研究

「目的」降低胎粪吸入综合征（ＭＡＳ）的发生率。「方法」从１９９６年７月起,采用彻底清除呼吸道羊水、粘液及洗胃等综合性防治措施。「结果」ＭＡＳ发生率大幅度下降,１９９６年７月￣１９９８年１２月ＭＡＳ发生率仅为０．１０％,比１９９４年１月￣１９９６年６月ＭＡＳ发生率（１．６％）显著降低（ｘ＾２＝２５．６５,Ｐ〈０．００１）。「结论」综合性防治措施可显著降低ＭＡＳ发生充,方法简便易行,或作为产科常规方法     

戊二醛对口腔器械乙肝病毒消毒效果的实验研究

「目的」为切断口腔科常用器械交叉感染的传播渠道，寻找一种快速有效的消毒方法。「方法」以２％戊二醛消毒剂浸泡器械为方法对口腔科常用器械进行消毒效果的实验研究，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ＨＢｓＡｇ。「结果」用２％戊二醛消毒剂浸泡器械３０ｍｉｎ，ＨＢｓＡｇ的灭活率为１００％。「结论」选用２％高效戊二醛消毒剂浸泡器械是一种快速有效的理想消毒方法。     

快速沙眼衣原体确认试验的临床应用

「目的」分析化学发光免疫技术检测沙眼衣原体临床应用的灵敏度和稳定怀。「方法」应用Ａｃｃｅｓｓ全自动化学发光免疫分析仪对男科和妇科门诊标本进行沙眼衣原体初筛和封闭检测;用“快速一步层析法”作对比。「结果」检测７３例标本,Ａｃｃｅｓｓ检出阳性１０例,“快速一步层析法”检出７例阳性,１例弱阳性,值得有显著性差别（Ｐ〈０．０５）。Ａｃｃｅｓｓ沙眼衣原体临界质控品随等测标本不同批次检测３２次,其初筛检测的Ｓ     

上海2004—2015年辅助生殖技术婴儿不良出生结局分析

目的探索辅助生殖技术(ART)妊娠分娩的新生儿不良出生结局发生情况及影响因素。方法采用数据库匹配方法,识别2004—2015年上海市出生监测数据库中ART婴儿5 858例,描述其出生特征,分析ART婴儿各种不良出生结局发生情况,并应用Poisson回归模型测算其相对危险度。结果 ART婴儿双多胎比例为35.73%,高于总体2.12%的水平。ART单胎婴儿早产、低体重和出生缺陷的发生风险均有所增高,发生率分别为8.34%、4.75%和1.65%,校正RR值分别为1.70(95%CI=1.52~1.90),1.68(95%CI=1.45~1.95)和1.66(95%CI=1.29~2.13)。ART双多胎婴儿早产、低体重和出生缺陷发生率分别为58.39%、44.19%和1.72%,与总体差异无统计学意义。结论 ART技术助孕后多胎率明显升高,ART新生儿早产、低体重和出生缺陷的风险也有所增高。     

中国10县(市)1993-2005年单胎儿早产流行状况研究

目的描述中国10县（市）单胎儿早产流行状况及长期变化趋势。方法资料来源于“中美预防出生缺陷和残疾合作项目”中的围产保健监测数据库。研究对象为3省10县（市）在1993—2005年间所有孕满28周且分娩单胎儿（包括死胎死产）的孕产妇542923名，计算早产率并描述其分布特征。结果1993—2005年间在10县（市）共发生早产25784例（其中死胎死产1530例），早产率为4，75％（95％CI：4.69～4.81），活产儿早产率为4．49％（95％CI：4．44～4．55）。单胎早产率呈逐年下降趋势，无明显季节倾向；南方城市、南方农村和北方农村的早产率依次降低；分娩年龄与早产率呈“U”型关系；文化程度低、孕产次多、有早产史或自然流产史者早产率较高。结论10县（市）单胎早产率呈逐年下降趋势，不同地区差别显著。     

Associations Between Preterm Birth,Low Birth Weight,and Postpartum Health in a Predominantly Hispanic WIC Population

ObjectiveTo describe the postpartum health of predominantly Hispanic participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and identify how health characteristics differ between mothers who delivered preterm or low birth weight infants and those who did not.DesignCross-sectional survey among postpartum WIC mothers.SettingLos Angeles and Orange Counties, CA.ParticipantsWIC participants within 1 year of delivery (n = 1,420).Main Outcome MeasuresPostpartum health behaviors, health characteristics, and birth spacing intentions and behaviors.AnalysisFrequencies of health characteristics were estimated using analyses with sample weights. Differences were assessed with chi-square and Fisher exact tests with Bonferroni correction for pairs of tests.ResultsMany women exhibited postpartum risk factors for future adverse health events, including overweight or obesity (62.3%), depressive symptoms (27.5%), and no folic acid supplementation (65.5%). Most characteristics did not differ significantly (P > .025) between mothers of preterm infants and full-term infants or between mothers of low birth weight and normal birth weight infants.Conclusions and ImplicationsDespite few differences between postpartum characteristics of mothers who delivered preterm or low birth weight infants and those who did not, a high percentage of mothers had risk factors that need to be addressed. Current postpartum educational activities of WIC programs should be evaluated and shared.     

Trends in birth size and macrosomia in Queensland, Australia, from 1988 to 2005

The objectives of this study were to explore temporal changes in birth measures in Queensland, Australia, and examine whether secular trends are similar to those in other countries. This study used data from the Queensland Perinatal Data Collection, including singleton livebirths ( n  = 831 375) from 1988 to 2005. Recorded birthweight (BW, g), birth length (BL, cm), gestational age (weeks), maternal age, ethnic origin and calculated ponderal index (PI, kg/m³) were used. Temporal trends were assessed over the intervals 1988–2005 for BW and 2001–2005 for BW, BL and PI.
Mean BW increased during the 17-year interval by ∼1.9 g/year at a relatively low rate compared with reports from other countries. The proportion of high BW infants (≥4000 g) rose by 0.8% per year. Stratification by Indigenous status indicated that the increase in mean BW and prevalence of high BW was confined to non-Indigenous newborns only. The secular increase in BW was further modified by gestational age, and maternal age. The increase in BW was larger in term infants (4.2 g/year) than in preterm infants (1.8 g/year), and larger in infants of younger mothers than in those of older mothers (5.0 g/year vs. 3.1 g/year). There were no trends in mean BL and mean PI at birth from 2001 to 2005. In Queensland, mean BW increased moderately in the last 17 years, as did the proportion of high BW infants. The trend in rising BW remained after controlling for other perinatal characteristics. Birth measures per se and related trends differed by Indigenous status and warrant further investigation.     

Duration of gestation, size at birth and later childhood behaviour

Although many previous studies have reported an association between preterm birth or small size at birth and later behaviour, multiple methodological limitations threaten the validity of causal inferences from reported associations. The authors have examined the association between gestational age and gestational age-specific size at birth (weight, length and head circumference) and behaviour in a large sample of children born healthy at term. The data were from the 6.5-year follow-up of 13,889 Belarusian children who participated in the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial, a cluster-randomised trial of a breast-feeding promotion intervention. Child behaviour was measured using the parent and teacher versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Differences in SDQ scores by gestational age and by birthweight, birth length and birth head circumference standardised for gestational age and sex (z-scores) were analysed after controlling for potentially confounding maternal and family factors. There was no association between gestational age and child behaviour after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Lower birthweight-for-gestational age was associated with higher scores in problem behaviours including total difficulties, conduct problems, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms and peer problems. Similar but smaller differences were observed with birth length and birth head circumference, but those differences were attenuated with adjustment for birthweight. The patterns of association were consistent in both parent and teacher assessments. Among school-age children born at term within normal range of birthweight, fetal growth, but not gestational age, was associated with behavioural problem scores.     

Sociodemographic characteristics influencing birth outcome in Sweden, 1908-1930. Birth variables in the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To identify variables available in early Swedish delivery records and their relation to birth outcomes for home and hospital deliveries in Gothenburg at the early part of this century. DESIGN: A retrospective recovery of original delivery records and social variables in a cross sectional population. SETTING: Gothenburg, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: 851 fullterm singleton female births with known gestational age born into five birth cohorts on selected dates (1908, 1914, 1918, 1922 and 1930). MAIN RESULTS: Delivery site, maternal parity, gestational age, and social group were significant factors influencing birth outcome as birth weight and length. The mean birth weight and length of hospital born infants was consistently lower than for home deliveries across all cohorts. Site of delivery changed significantly during the period of births under study, 1908-1930. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, which was based on original delivery records from the early part of this century, it was found that delivery site was an important factor influencing birth outcome across five birth cohorts. Utilisation of delivery services changed during the period of study. Thus, to avoid selection bias, the application of delivery records should reflect the birthing practice of the time period in question.     

Exposure to benzene, occupational stress, and reduced birth weight

OBJECTIVES—The association between birth weight and exposure to benzene, work stress, and other occupational and environmental hazards was investigated.
METHODS—In a large petrochemical industry, 792 pregnant workers were enrolled and followed up through delivery between May 1996 and December 1998. Exposure to benzene and other solvents was assessed by an industrial hygienist based on each woman's job title and workplace information. Other occupational and environmental exposures and personal information, including perceived work stress, exposure to noise, physical exertion at work, and passive smoking, were obtained by an interview questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to examine the individual and combined associations of occupational and environmental exposures with birth weight, with adjustment for major confounders including gestational age.
RESULTS—In the univariate model, birth weight was negatively associated with exposure to benzene (−58 g (95% confidence interval (95% CI), −115 to −2)) and with work stress (−84 g (95% CI, −158 to −10)). In the multivariate model, there was a significant interaction between exposure to benzene and work stress relative to reduced birth weight, after adjustment for other environmental and occupational exposures and personal variables. Adjusted mean birth weight was 3445 g (95% CI 3401 to 3489) among those with neither exposure, 3430 g for those with exposure to benzene only, 3426 g for those with work stress only, and 3262 g (95% CI 3156 to 3369) for those with both exposures. In other words, there was 183 g (95% CI 65 to 301) reduction in birth weight among those with both exposure to benzene and work stress compared with those with neither exposure. Other work or environmental factors could not explain these findings.
CONCLUSIONS—Low level exposure to benzene and work stress interact to reduce birth weight in this population.


Keywords: birth weight; benzene; work stress     

Mediterranean-Style Diet and Birth Outcomes in an Urban,Multiethnic, and Low-Income US Population

Findings on the role of Mediterranean-style diet (MSD) on duration of pregnancy and birth weight have been inconsistent and based largely on Non-Hispanic white populations, making it unclear as to whether they could extend to African Americans who are at a higher risk of unfavorable birth outcomes. Our study addresses this gap using a large urban, multiethnic, predominantly low-income cohort of mother-infant dyads from Boston, MA, USA. Dietary information was obtained via food frequency questionnaires; health information including birth outcomes were extracted from medical records. A Mediterranean-style diet score (MSDS) was formulated based on intake history, and linear and log-binomial regressions were performed to assess its association with birth outcomes. After adjustment, the lowest MSDS quintile from the overall sample was found to be associated with an increased relative risk (RR) of overall preterm birth (RR 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06–1.31), spontaneous preterm birth (1.28; 1.11–1.49), late preterm birth (1.21; 1.05–1.39), and low birth weight (1.11; 1.01–1.22), compared to the highest quintile. The findings were similar for the African American sample. Our study adds to the current understanding of the diet’s influence on birth outcomes by demonstrating that adherence to MSD may improve birth outcomes for African American women.     

上海市新生儿低出生体重流行趋势及危险因素分析

目的 分析上海市新生儿低出生体重流行趋势及相关危险因素,为控制上海市新生儿低出生体重流行水平提供决策依据。方法 收集上海市卫计委发布的2000年至2015年上海市常住人口新生儿低出生体重流行率数据,应用AAPC方法描述其趋势。收集覆盖全市所有接产机构的2015年上海市沪籍新生儿出生登记信息,应用卡方分析和基于偏最小二乘法的logistic回归模型开展低出生体重流行的危险因素分析。结果 2000年至2015年间,上海市新生儿低出生体重流行率累计上升了43.52%,年平均上升速度为1.70%(95%CI:1.26%~2.15%,P<0.05)。上海市新生儿低出生体重流行的危险因素包括早产、双多胎、女性、有畸形、高产次和父亲学历低。结论 有关部门应进一步开展调查研究,建立有效控制和减少早产等危险因素的综合干预策略。