结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗现状

结直肠癌肝转移实施肝叶切除是有效的治疗方法 ,切除率和术后生存率均已有明显提高。对于肝切除术后复发是否再次切除 ,以及肝外转移灶及肝门淋巴结的处理尚有争论。作者复习文献并对此方面的进展加以综述。一、结直肠癌肝转移的首选治疗———肝叶切除术结直肠癌发生肝转移同期行结肠切除和肝转移灶的切除可望获得较高的肝切除后 5年存活率。原发灶切除后发现的肝转移 ,肝叶切除后同样能长期存活。切除后的 5年存活率达 16%～ 45 % ,手术死亡率在 5 %以下〔1～ 3〕。直肠癌肝转移是可治愈的 ,肝切除是安全的、也是最有效的治疗〔4～ 6〕,并…     

32例结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗

报告３２例结直肠癌肝转移的手术切除效果，其中肝脏有１－３个转移灶者２４例。在２０例为同时性肝转移癌中，转移灶与原发灶行一期切除者１５例，分期（２－４周后）切除者５例，５例为结肠直曲癌局部润转移，与原发灶整块切除，其它手术方式有不规则肝部分切除、肝左外叶切除、肝右后叶切除、肝右叶切除及肝右３叶切除等。全部病例均经病理证实，无手术死亡。３年、５年生存率分别为３７．５％、２５．０％。作者认为肝转移灶数目     

结直肠癌肝转移的手术治疗

目的 探讨手术治疗结直肠癌肝转移的疗效以及影响因素.方法 收集74例手术治疗的结直肠癌肝转移病例,进行回顾性分析.结果 本组患者3年和5年生存率分别为63.8%和49.8%.原发灶淋巴结转移者5年生存率(33.3%)显著低于无转移者(63.7%,P=0.002),脉管侵犯者(39.6%)显著低于无侵犯者(61.6%,P=0.025).转移灶个数≤3个者(53.7%)显著高于＞3个者(34.6%,P=0.021).肝转移灶局限于半肝者,其5年生存率(65.2%)显著高于双侧弥漫者(23.9%,P=0.001).结论 手术切除是唯一可能治愈结直肠癌肝转移的方法.原发灶无淋巴结转移、无脉管侵犯,转移灶个数不超过3个、局限于半肝者预后较好.     

影响结直肠癌肝转移手术切除患者预后的多因素分析

目的 探讨影响结直肠癌肝转移患者手术切除的预后因素。方法 收集1995-2001年间收治的结直肠癌肝转移手术切除患者103例的资料，用Kaplan-Meier法计算术后生存率，以Cox模型进行多变量分析。结果 患者术后1、3年无瘤生存率分别为73．8％和43．7％，术后1、3年累积生存率分别为7g．6％和49．5％。单因素分析显示：术前血清CEA水平、转移灶与原发灶的治疗间隔时间、术中切缘情况、肝门淋巴结转移、肝内卫星灶的存在与否、肝转移灶的最大直径、数目及有无包膜影响患者的术后肝内复发和术后累积生存率，而术后化疗可以提高患者的累积生存率。多因素分析显示：转移灶与原发灶的治疗间隔时间、切缘情况、肝内卫星灶的存在与否和肝转移灶的最大直径是影响肝内复发和累积生存率的独立因素，而肝门淋巴结转移是影响累积生存率的独立因素，有无包膜是影响肝内复发的独立因素。结论 手术切除是结直肠癌肝转移有效的治疗手段。转移灶与原发灶的治疗间隔时间、切缘情况、肝内卫星灶、肝转移灶的大小和包膜、肝门淋巴结转移等是患者预后的独立影响因素。     

结直肠癌肝转移的诊断和治疗

目的　总结和分析结直肠癌转移的诊断和治疗。方法　回顾分析 39例结直肠癌肝转移的病人 ,通过癌胚抗原、B超CT等检查 ,提出诊断措施 ,对肝转移灶行根治性切除 6例与肝转移灶未手术仅行TACE、HAI等综合治疗 2 4例进行 3年、5年生存率比较。结果　早期诊断肝转移灶并得到根治性手术的 6例 ,3年、5年生存率分别为 6 6 .7%和 33.3% ,较未手术仅综合治疗的 2 4例的生存率 12 .5 %和 0明显增高。结论　结直肠癌肝转移应重视诊断同时根治性手术切除肝转移灶效果最佳。     

结直肠癌同时性肝转移手术时机的选择

目的 探讨可切除性结直肠癌同时性肝转移的手术时机.方法 回顾性分析2009年10月至2011年11月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院收治的5例结直肠癌伴同时性肝转移患者的临床资料,根据患者的情况分别行手术治疗+辅助化疗、新辅助化疗或靶向治疗.结果5例患者均行手术+术后辅助治疗.3例原发灶和肝转移灶可切除者,1例先行新辅助化疗,肝转移灶明显缩小后一期手术切除原发灶和肝转移灶,术后6个月MRI检查发现肝内复发;1例未行新辅助化疗,术后9个月CT检查发现肺内多发转移灶;1例因原发灶穿孔腹腔感染,先切除原发灶,术后化疗+靶向治疗,二期切除肝内转移灶,术后12个月CT检查发现肺内单发转移灶.其余2例因肝内多发性转移灶无法手术切除,仅切除原发灶,1例术后13个月死于骨转移;另1例行辅助化疗+靶向治疗,CT检查示肝内转移灶曾一度进行性缩小,但术后11个月开始肝内转移灶渐增多、增大.5例患者术后均行k-ras基因检测,除病例2的Condon 12位点为野生型、Condon 13位点为突变型外,其余患者均为野生型.结论新辅助化疗或新辅助化疗+靶向治疗的效果个体差异大,消灭体内微转移灶作用有限,首选一期手术切除原发灶和同时性肝转移灶有可能使患者获益最大.     

结直肠癌肝转移行肝切除术的疗效分析

目的:探讨结直肠癌肝转移行肝切除的疗效. 方法自1992年至2003年间,对22例结直肠癌肝转移患者行肝切除术,24例肝转移患者行全植入式 (drug deliverly system,DDS)灌注化疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果. 结果在22例行肝切除术的患者中,4例行左肝外叶切除术,3例行左半肝切除术,2例行右半肝切除术,2例行肝段切除术,7例行亚肝段切除术,瘤体局部切除4例.术后1年、3年、5年生存率分别为86.36%、40.91%和31.82% .24例行DDS灌注化疗患者的1年、3年、5年生存率分别为63.64%、12.50%和4.17%. 结论结直肠癌肝转移行各种肝切除术能改善患者的生活质量,延长生存时间.     

结直肠癌肝转移的外科治疗进展

一、手术适应证及手术时机的选择结直肠癌单纯转移至肝脏者占结直肠癌患者的 2 5 %,局限于肝一叶者又占肝转移的 2 5 %,因此结直肠癌出现肝转移且为单个结节或局限于一个肝叶的不超过 5 %,这部分患者行根治性肝切除率极高 ,可达 95 %左右[1] 。目前手术指征包括 :(1)肝转移病灶为孤立结节或病变范围较局限 ;(2 )无肝外转移或邻近脏器 (膈肌、门静脉 )转移 ;(3)结直肠癌切除后肝转移 ,原发癌灶局部复发可切除者 ;(4 )肝转移癌灶手术切除后复发者 ,病灶较局限 ,且无肝外转移也可考虑再次手术切除 ;(5 )出现肺部转移可行手术治疗者。Ｖｏｇｔ等…     

结直肠癌肝转移的治疗体会

目的 总结结直肠癌肝转移的治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析156例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床资料,并比较分析肝转移灶切除和原发肿瘤根治术后予以辅助化疗、射频两种治疗方法 的效果.结果 肝叶切除加肝动脉置管化疗(A组,48例)组患者术后1、3、5年生存率分别为83.3%、45.8%和20.0%:而原发肿瘤根治术后予以辅助化疗、射频等综合治疗(B组,108例)者则分别为45.3%,22.1%和5.4%;两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 对肝转移灶应尽可能手术切除.     

结直肠癌同时性肝转移治疗46例分析

目的:探讨结直肠癌同时性肝转移的有效治疗方法。方法:对1996～2004年收治的46例结直肠癌同时性肝转移的临床资料和随访资料进行回顾性分析。根据治疗方法的不同分为3组:A组21例,为一期切除原发灶和肝转移灶并经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗者;B组15例,为单纯原发灶切除并经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗者;C组10例,为原发灶和肝转移灶均未能切除而仅行肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗者。用KaplanMeier法对病人的生存时间作统计分析。结果:A、B、C3组术后中位生存期分别为38、20和13个月;各组之间术后生存时间的比较均有显著统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论:结直肠癌原发灶和肝转移灶一期手术切除并经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗的疗效最好;肝转移灶无法切除者能将原发灶切除并经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗也可取得较好的疗效;原发灶和肝转移灶未能切除而仅经肝动脉和门静脉置泵化疗的疗效相对较差。对结直肠癌同时性肝转移应采取以手术切除为主的综合措施进行积极治疗。     

外科治疗胃癌肝转移疗效分析

目的探讨外科治疗胃癌肝转移的方法与疗效。方法1996年1月至2003年12月间行外科治疗的胃癌肝转移患者25例，17例为同时性肝转移，8例为术后发现的异时性肝转移。其中单转移灶15例，多转移灶10例。行不规则肝切除16例，左外叶切除4例，左叶切除3例，右叶切除2例，术后行肝动脉灌注化疗9例，肝动脉化疗栓塞16例。结果1例同时性肝切除患者术后死于肺部感染、成人呼吸窘迫综合征，余24例均获随访，中位时间25(7—60)个月。胃癌肝转移灶切除后1、3年生存率为68．5％和29．8％，原发癌浸润表浅、淋巴结转移少、单转移灶、异时性转移及转移灶有包膜是影响生存率的有利因素。结论同时及异时性胃癌肝转移可经外科手术切除肝转移灶，但应注意手术指征的把握。     

Formal hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastases. Ploidy and prognosis.

Fifty consecutive patients who underwent 52 formal hepatic resections (excluding isolated wedge resections) for metastatic colorectal cancer were analyzed to determine whether DNA content was of prognostic significance. The Dukes' stages of the colorectal primaries were: A (10%), B (20%), C (40%), D (28%), and unknown in 2%. Four patients whose liver metastases were discovered at the time of resection of the primary bowel cancer underwent concomitant liver resection, and the remaining patients underwent delayed resections. The hepatic resections performed were right lobectomy (50%), extended right lobectomy (19%), left lobectomy (13%), left lateral segmentectomy (6%), left lobectomy and right wedge (6%), extended left lobectomy (4%), and right lobectomy and left wedge (2%). The overall morbidity rate was 29%. The in-hospital mortality rate was 9%. As of November 1991, 36 patients have recurred. The 5-year actuarial survival was 28%. Flow cytometry could be performed on 37 archival specimens, 15 of which were found to be diploid whereas 22 were aneuploid. All metastases from Dukes A colorectal primaries demonstrated a diploid DNA content. In addition, there was no difference in actuarial survival between diploid and aneuploid tumors. These data suggest that in selected patients, formal hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastases can be performed with an acceptable morbidity rate, mortality rate, and survival, but ploidy of the resected tumor is not of prognostic significance.     

Cytologically malignant margin without continuous pulmonary tumor lesion: cases of wedge resection, segmentectomy and lobectomy

The surgical margin is usually investigated during the operation using a pathological method, though cytological methods are also used to identify remaining malignant cells. We reviewed cases of pulmonary resection for a malignant tumor. At our institution, an on-site surgical margin examination using a cytological method is mandated for cases of wedge resection and segmentectomy, and an option in lobectomy cases. We examined 21 wedge resection (3 primary lung cancer, 18 metastasis), 17 segmentectomy (13 primary lung cancer, 4 metastasis), and 4 lobectomy (all primarily lung cancer) cases. Six cases showed malignant cells in the surgical margin, of which one had a microscopic skip lesion pattern and five an 'occult' pattern (positive cytology, negative pathology). Cytological malignancy occurred even in cases of wedge resection of a tiny (4 mm in diameter) lesion metastasized from colon cancer, as well as segmentectomy with a sufficient gross margin containing microscopic skip lesions and right middle lobectomy with an additional right upper lobectomy due to two previous cytological malignancies in a residual lobe. Surgical margin cytology revealed remaining malignancy in the residual lobe, which provided important information for deciding additional procedures during surgery.     

腹腔镜手术治疗肝癌128例的疗效评析

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术治疗肝癌的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2007年3月至2009年10月第三军医大学西南医院采用腹腔镜手术治疗128例肝癌患者的临床资料.其中原发性肝癌116例,转移性肝癌12例.行腹腔镜肝切除术107例,单纯腹腔镜下RFA治疗15例,腹腔镜下门静脉右支结扎降期治疗6例.结果 107例行腹腔镜肝切除术患者中7例中转开腹手术,5例中转手助式腹腔镜肝切除术.规则性肝切除88例,包括左外叶切除21例、左半肝切除15例、超左半肝切除2例、中肝切除1例、右半肝切除11例、右后叶切除9例、单肝段切除29例;两个以上部位联合切除4例;非规则性肝切除15例.肝切除术的平均手术时间(228±92)min,术中平均出血量(393±213)ml,无手术死亡,16例术后出现并发症,术后平均住院时间(8±4)d.126例患者随访1～42个月,12例行腹腔镜肝切除术者于术后3～16个月死亡,术后平均生存时间(118±7)周,平均无瘤生存时间(105±7)周.行腹腔镜下BFA治疗的2例患者分别于术后9个月及11个月死亡;行腹腔镜下门静脉结扎的2例患者于术后行二期根治性切除.结论 腹腔镜手术治疗肝癌安全可行,具有创伤小、恢复快的优点.     

Pulmonary resection for metastases from colorectal cancer: factors influencing prognosis. Twenty-year experience.

OBJECTIVE: We reviewed our experience in the surgical management of 80 patients with colorectal pulmonary metastases and investigated factors affecting survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 1980 to December 2000, 80 patients, 43 women and 37 men with median age 63 years (range 38-79 years) underwent 98 open surgical procedure (96 muscle-sparing thoracotomy, one clamshell and one median sternotomy) for pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer (three pneumonectomy, 17 lobectomy, seven lobectomy plus wedge resection, six segmentectomy, three segmentectomy plus wedge resection and 62 wedge resection). Pulmonary metastases were identified at a median interval of 37.5 months (range 0-167) from primary colorectal resection. Second and third resections for recurrent metastases were done in seven and in four patients, respectively. RESULTS: Operative mortality rate was 2%. Overall, 5-year survival was 41.1%. Five-year survival was 43.6% for patients submitted to single metastasectomy and 34% for those submitted to multiple ones. Five-year survival was 55% for patients with disease-free interval (DFI) of 36 months or more, 38% for those with DFI of 0-11 months and 22.6% for those with DFI of 12-35 months (P=0.04). Five-year survival was 58.2% for patients with normal preoperative carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) levels and 0% for those with pathologic ones (P=0.0001). Patients submitted to second-stage operation for recurrent local disease had 5-year survival rate of 50 vs. 41.1% of those submitted to single resection (P=0.326). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary resection for metastases from colorectal cancer may help survival in selected patients. Single metastasis, DFI>36 months, normal preoperative CEA levels are important prognostic factors. When feasible, re-operation is a safe procedure with satisfactory long-term results.     

同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症相关因素分析

目的:探讨同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症的相关影响因素及预防措施。方法:2009年6月至2018年6月解放军总医院普通外科行同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术的241例,统计并发症发生情况,分析影响因素,对危险因素进行评估分析。结果:241例行同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术的患者术后共42例发生并发症,发生率为17.4%。其中,吻合口瘘19例(7.9%),腹腔出血7例(2.9%),肠梗阻15例(6.2%),切口感染21例(8.7%),腹腔感染6例(2.5%),肺部感染3例(1.2%)。单因素分析结果显示,高龄、手术方式、术前合并症、原发肿瘤位置、术中失血量是腹同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症发生的相关因素(P<0.05)。Logistit回归分析显示,影响同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症发生的独立危险因素为高龄、术前合并症、手术出血量(P<0.05),腹腔镜手术则是其保护因素(P<0.05)。结论:吻合口瘘和出血是同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后常见并发症,高龄、术前合并疾病、手术出血量较多是同时性结直肠癌肝转移一期切除术后并发症发生的危险因素,而采取腹腔镜手术则可减少并发症的发生。     

结直肠癌肝转移的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨结直肠癌肝转移的诊断和治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析25 例结直肠癌肝转移的临床资料,其中原发盲升结肠癌9 例,横结肠癌3 例,降结肠癌2 例,乙状结肠癌8 例,直肠癌3 例.同时性肝转移癌9例,异时性肝转移癌16 例.肝左叶转移15 例,肝右叶转移4 例,左右叶转移6 例.单个转移15 例,多个转移10例.高分化腺癌13 例,中分化腺癌5 例,低分化腺癌6 例,未分化腺癌1 例.9 例同时性肝转移癌中施行肝左外叶切除7 例,其中加1 例门静脉插管埋泵化疗;右前叶切除2 例,1 例仅作门静脉和肝动脉双插管埋泵化疗.16例异时性肝转移癌中施行肝左外叶切除4 例,左半肝切除5 例,肝右前叶切除2 例,门静脉和肝动脉双插管埋泵化疗2 例,股动脉插管肝动脉介入治疗3 例.结果 全组均经3 年随访,同时性肝切除术8 例中5 例存活(62.5%),异时性肝切除术11 例中4 例存活(36.3%),仅作门静脉和肝动脉插管埋泵化疗或股动脉插管肝动脉介入化疗6 例中2 年内死亡5 例,3 年死亡1 例,3 年存活率仅16.6%.结论 同时性或异时性结直肠癌肝转移,只要全身情况和局部条件许可,均应首选手术切除治疗,以提高患者生存率.对不能切除的患者,可采用动、静脉插管埋泵或作股动脉插管肝动脉介入化疗,以延长患者生命.     

脏器联合切除治疗T4期胃癌69例分析

目的　评价脏器联合切除术治疗T4期胃癌的疗效 ,探讨其手术指征。　方法　回顾性分析 1992年～ 2 0 0 1年行脏器联合切除 (CR组 )的 6 9例T4期胃癌患者的临床资料及随访结果 ,并与同期 4 5例姑息性胃切除患者 (NCR组 )相比较。　结果　CR组 6 9例中 ,根治性切除 5 4例 ,姑息性切除15例 ;其中联合横结肠切除 2 4例 ,胰体尾脾切除 2 2例 ,肝左外叶切除 8例 ,胰体尾脾横结肠切除 6例 ,胰十二指肠切除 5例 ,胆囊切除 2例 ,膈肌、脾脏切除各 1例 ;总淋巴结转移率 88 4 % ,围手术期死亡 3例 (4 3% ) ,合并症发生率 14 5 % ,CR组和NCR组术后 1、3、5年生存率分别为 6 6 9%、39 1%、2 6 8%和 33 4 %、7 4 %、0 (P <0 0 1) ,根治性脏器联合切除组 5年生存率为 34 1%。结论　脏器联合切除术可提高T4期胃癌的 5年生存率     

Treatment strategy for synchronous metastases of colorectal cancer: is hepatic resection after an observation interval appropriate?

Background In cases of synchronous colorectal hepatic metastases, the primary colorectal cancer strongly influences on the metastases. Our treatment policy has been to conduct hepatic resection for the metastases at an interval of 3 months after colorectal resection. We examined the appropriateness of interval hepatic resection for synchronous hepatic metastasis. Materials and methods The subjects were 164 patients who underwent resection of hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer (synchronous, 70 patients; metachronous, 94 patients). Background factors for hepatic metastasis and postoperative results were compared for synchronous and metachronous cases. Results The cumulative survival rate for 164 patients at 3, 5, and 10 years postoperatively was 71.9%, 51.8%, and 36.6%, and the post-resection recurrence rate in remnant livers was 26.8%. Interval resection for synchronous hepatic metastases was conducted in 49 cases after a mean interval of 131 days. No difference was seen in postoperative outcome between synchronous and metachronous cases. Conclusion The outcome was similarly favorable in cases of synchronous hepatic metastasis and in cases of metachronous metastasis. Delaying resection allows accurate understanding of the number and location of hepatic metastases, and is beneficial in determining candidates for surgery and in selecting surgical procedure.