结构脂肪乳对老年急性胆道感染代谢及免疫功能的影响

目的探讨结构脂肪乳的肠外营养对老年急性胆道感染患者代谢指标及免疫功能的影响。方法选取2014年7月-2016年6月月内接受治疗的老年胆道感染患者86例,根据治疗方案的不同将患者分为结构脂肪乳(STG)组和中/长链脂肪乳(MCT/LCT)组。比较两组患者治疗后的蛋白质水平变化、免疫功能变化及胆固醇变化。结果治疗后STG组各项蛋白质水平均明显大于MCT/LCT组;治疗后除Ig A外STG组免疫功能指标水平均显著高于MCT/LCT组;STG组胆固醇水平明显低于MCT/LCT组,但胰岛素显著水平显著高于MCT/LCT组。结论在改善老年急性胆道感染患者的蛋白质、脂肪代谢方面,结构脂肪乳较中长链脂肪乳效果更好,不良反应更小,值得应用。     

结构脂肪乳剂对胃肠肿瘤病人静息能量代谢和脂质过氧化的影响

目的:观察结构脂肪乳剂(STG)和物理混合的中长链脂肪乳剂(MCT/LCT)对胃肠肿瘤病人静息能量代谢和脂质过氧化的影响. 方法:对择期手术的胃肠道肿瘤病人64例,随机分为STG组和MCT/LCT组,于术后第2～6天分别使用STG和MCT/LCT构成的等氮、等热量PN支持,共5d.术后第1至第6天检测病人静息能量代谢、氮平衡和血清超敏C-反应蛋白,术后第6天抽取静脉血行脂质过氧化水平检测. 结果:两组病人术后静息能量代谢均较术前明显升高,STG组病人明显低于MCT/LCT组(JP＜0.05)；两组病人采用STG和MCT/LCT的PN治疗后氮平衡均有改善,而STG组病人累计氮平衡值明显高于MCT/LCT组病人(J＜0.05).STG组病人血清中丙二醛和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平亦明显低于MCT/LCT组(P＜0.05). 结论:对胃肠肿瘤病人,在减轻脂质过氧化损伤和维护能量代谢稳定方面,STG比MCT/LCT更为优越.     

胰十二指肠切除术后应用结构脂肪乳的回顾性分析

目的　探讨恶性梗阻性黄疸(MOJ)患者胰十二指肠切除术后使用结构脂肪乳的临床经验。方法　回顾性分析21例本院行胰十二指肠切除手术的MOJ患者,术后第1天开始接受肠外营养(PN),根据PN使用脂肪乳的不同分为结构脂肪乳组(7例)和中/长链脂肪乳组(MCT/LCT组,14例),观察两组患者肝功能、血脂、白蛋白(ALB)及术后并发症等。结果　结构脂肪乳组的三酰甘油水平在术后第3和7天均显著低于MCT/LCT组［第3天：(1.85±0.90)mmol/L比(2.18±1.41)mmol/L;第7天：(1.62±0.78)mmol/L比（2.46±1.62)mmol/L ;P均=0.042］,高密度脂蛋白水平在术后第7天显著高于MCT/LCT组［(0.67±0.64)mmol/L比(0.45±0.15)mmol/L, P=0.046］,ALB在术后第3天恢复正常,明显优于MCT/LCT组［(35.50±2.91)g/L比(30.66±5.08)g/L,P=0.048］,两组术后肝功能、住院时间、切口愈合情况、全身炎症反应综合征和感染发生差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。结论　恶性梗阻性黄疸患者胰十二指肠切除术后使用结构脂肪乳作为PN的重要组成部分,其对脂类代谢干扰较MCT/LCT更少,且能快速提高ALB水平,耐受性和安全性良好。     

结构脂肪乳剂改善腹部手术后病人的氮平衡和蛋白质代谢

目的:观察结构脂肪乳剂(STG)和物理混合的中、长链脂肪乳剂(MCT/LCT)对腹部中等及中等以上手术创伤病人氮平衡和蛋白质代谢的影响.方法:腹部中等及中等以上手术病人随机分为两组,术后第2天开始分别使用STG和MCT/LCT构成的等氮、等热量肠外营养支持5天,术后第1天至第6天留取标本检测氮平衡,术前、术后第1天及术后第6天抽取静脉血检测血清前清蛋白水平,术前及术后第6天称取体质量,记录住院日.结果:围手术期使用STG和MCT/LCT的静脉营养,均可以纠正创伤病人的负氮平衡,促进血清前清蛋白的合成.其中STG可以更明显地改善手术创伤病人的负氮平衡,增加血清前清蛋白水平,但在维持病人体质量和缩短住院日上,STG与MCT/LCT脂肪乳相比差异并不明显.结论:在改善手术创伤病人的蛋白质代谢上,STG比物理混合的MCT/LCT脂肪乳剂更加优越.     

结构脂肪乳剂对腹部中等手术后病人脂肪代谢的影响

目的:观察结构脂肪乳剂(STG)和物理混合的中/长链脂肪乳剂(MCT/LCT)对腹部中等手术后病人脂肪代谢的影响.方法:选择40例腹部中等手术后、需要肠外营养支持至少5 d以上的病人40例,按前瞻、随机、盲法、对照原则分为STG组20例和MCT/LCT组20例.术后第1 d至第5 d两组病人按等氮、等热量进行肠外营养支持.于手术前、术后第1 d营养支持前及术后第6 d的清晨6:00留取血标本检测三酰甘油和胆固醇.术后第2 d输注前与输注结束时抽取静脉血检测三酰甘油、胆固醇和游离脂肪酸.结果:与术前值相比,两组病人三酰甘油与胆固醇在术后第1 d均明显下降,术后第6 d 两组三酰甘油水平又逐渐上升.但与STG组相比,输注物理混合MCT/LCT后,病人的三酰甘油及中链脂肪酸升高幅度更大一些,而STG LCFA的升高要更明显.结论:在对术后病人三酰甘油以及中链脂肪酸的代谢影响等方面,STG影响要小于MCT/LCT;对长链脂肪酸的影响STG要大于物理混合MCT/LCT,这与STG结构特点有关.     

鱼油脂肪乳对恶性肿瘤术后重症病人的免疫调节作用

目的:研究鱼油脂肪乳对恶性肿瘤病人术后免疫调节作用。方法:将43例恶性肿瘤切除术后病人随机分为对照组和研究组,两组均给予PN治疗[104.6 kJ(25 kcal)/(kg.d)],研究组加用鱼油脂肪乳。比较两组病人免疫功能、血清ALB水平、黄疸指数、转氨酶、血脂、感染性并发症的患病率和入住ICU的时间。结果:经术后5 d治疗,研究组病人的免疫功能明显改善,感染性并发症的患病率明显减低。两组病人的血清ALB、血脂、黄疸指数和转氨酶等均无显著性差异。结论:鱼油脂肪乳能调节恶性肿瘤术后重症病人的免疫功能,减少感染性并发症的发生率。     

肝癌切除术后病人ω-3脂肪乳的应用研究

目的: 研究肝癌病人接受肝切除术后使用ω-3脂肪乳对术后恢复的影响. 方法: 选择接受手术治疗的肝癌病人60例,随机分为两组,术后等氮、等热量PN支持.研究组病人使用中长链脂肪乳联合ω-3脂肪乳;对照组病人单纯使用中长链脂肪乳.分别于术后第1和第5天清晨抽取静脉血,检测肝功能、凝血功能、免疫球蛋白、淋巴细胞亚群等.同时记录病人全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)发生率、感染性并发症发生率、术后住院时间和住院费用等. 结果: 研究组病人术后ALT、AST、总胆红素(TBIL)、ALB、PA等恢复优于对照组;凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶原时间活动度(PTa)两组无显著性差异;研究组病人IgA、IgG、IgM、CD3、CD4/CD8等优于对照组(P<0.05);两组病人感染性并发症发生率、SIRS发生率、肝功能不全发生率均无显著性差异. 结论:ω-3脂肪乳有助于改善肝癌病人肝切除术后免疫功能和肝功能.     

胰十二指肠切除术后不同营养支持方式的疗效比较

目的:比较胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后病人肠内营养(EN)和肠外营养(PN)支持的临床疗效.方法:将71例在我院接受PD的病人随机分为EN组(n=36)和PN组(n=35).比较两组病人手术前后血肝功能相关指标、营养指标以及术后并发症的发生率、肛门排气时间、住院时间和营养支持费用的差异. 结果:两组病人术后血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)等均较术前明显降低(P＜0.05),术后第12天降低更加明显(P＜0.01).而在术后第8和12天,EN组病人ALT、AST、TBil、DBil较PN组明显降低(P＜0.05),总蛋白(TP)、清蛋白(ALB)、前清蛋白(PA)均升高(P＜0.05);术后第12天EN组的血淋巴细胞计数(LY)明显高于PN组(P＜0.05).EN组病人较PN组术后平均住院时间缩短、肛门排气时间早、并发症发生率低、营养支持费用少(P＜0.05). 结论:PD术后EN支持能明显改善病人的营养状态,促进术后恢复,降低住院费用.     

含维生素E的中/长链脂肪乳注射液临床应用进展

脂肪乳剂是全胃肠外营养(TPN)中的重要组成部分.随着TPN在临床营养治疗中的广泛应用,脂肪乳剂也逐渐由长链脂肪乳(LCT)发展至中/长链脂肪乳(MCT/LCT).MCT具有水解、氧化快而完全,不依赖肉毒碱转运,对免疫系统影响少,且不易在肝内和外周组织中浸润等优点.但其中仍含有一定量的多不饱和脂肪酸,易受体内自由基的攻击而产生脂质过氧化,进而损害脂质、DNA和蛋白质,造成组织和器官的损伤.因此,许多学者主张在MCT/LCT剂中添加一定量的维生素E,以防止脂肪乳剂脂质过氧化的发生,从而保证临床安全、合理地使用脂肪乳剂进行营养治疗的同时,有效地避免发生不良反应.以下主要对含维生素E的MCT/LCT注射液在临床的应用作一综述.     

鱼油脂肪乳和20%中/长链脂肪乳干预博莱霉素致大鼠肺纤维化效果的比较

目的:探讨鱼油脂肪乳和20%中/长链脂肪乳注射液干预博莱霉素致大鼠肺纤维化的不同效果。方法:将120只大鼠随机分成正常组(等渗盐水)、对照组(博莱霉素所致大鼠肺纤维化模型)、20%中/长链脂肪乳组和ω-3PUFA组。在实验第7、14和21天分别取左肺下叶,用免疫组化检测转化生长因子-β(TGF-β1)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)表达,右肺下叶组织行H-E染色病理观察;同时测定各组大鼠血清中白细胞介素-4(IL-4)和IFN-γ含量。结果:①ω-3PUFA组大鼠肺泡炎症和肺纤维化程度均较对照组和MCT/LCT组轻;②对照组和MCT/LCT组大鼠在实验第7、14和21天的肺组织TGF-β1染色呈强阳性,IFN-γ染色较淡,而ω-3PUFA组TGF-β1、IFN-γ染色及定量表达则相反(P﹤0.01),第7、14和21天,TGF-β1定量表达逐渐减少,IFN-γ逐渐增加(P﹤0.05)。③对照组和MCT/LCT组大鼠第7、14和21天血清IL-4含量较高,IFN-γ含量较低;而ω-3PUFA组则相反(P﹤0.01),第7、14和21天IL-4含量逐渐减低,IFN-γ含量逐渐增加(P﹤0.05)。结论:鱼油脂肪乳可下调大鼠肺组织TGF-β1,降低IL-4含量,上调肺组织IFN-γ的表达,其减轻肺纤维化的作用优于中/长链脂肪乳注射液。     

结构脂肪乳剂与物理混合的中/长链脂肪乳剂脂肪酸代谢比较研究

目的:比较结构脂肪乳剂(STG)与物理混合的中/长链脂肪乳剂(MCT/LCT)在人体内的脂肪酸代谢情况.方法:40例健康志愿者随机分为STG组和MCT/LCT组,每组20例.分别于早晨6h内匀速输注20%力文脂肪乳剂和20%力保肪宁脂肪乳剂1.0 g/(kg·次).并于给药前和给药后2、4、6和24 h留取血标本测定血...     

Effects of parenteral structured lipid emulsion on modulating the inflammatory response in rats undergoing a total gastrectomy

OBJECTIVES: Structured lipid emulsion improves the nitrogen balance and is rapidly cleared from the blood of moderately catabolic patients. However, the effects of structured lipids on inflammatory reactions during major surgery are not clear. This study investigated the effect of a parenteral structured triacylglycerol emulsion on leukocyte adhesion molecule expression and inflammatory mediator production in rats undergoing a total gastrectomy. METHODS: Normal rats with internal jugular catheters were assigned to three experimental groups and received total parenteral nutrition. At the same time, a total gastrectomy was performed on the experimental groups. The total parenteral nutrition solutions were isonitrogenous and identical in nutrient compositions except for differences in the composition of the fat emulsion. Group 1 received a conventional fat emulsion with long-chain triacylglycerols (LCTs), group 2 received a physical mixture of medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs) and LCTs (MCT/LCT), and group 3 received structured lipids composed of MCTs and LCTs (STG). Half of the rats in each respective group were sacrificed 1 d and the other half 3 d after surgery to examine the analytical parameters. RESULTS: Plasma cholesterol and free fatty acid levels in the STG group were lower than those in the other groups after surgery. The STG group had lower leukocyte CD11a/CD18 expressions than the MCT/LCT group 3 d after surgery, and CD11b/CD18 expressions in the STG group were lower than those in the LCT group on postoperative days. The STG group had higher monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 levels in peritoneal lavage fluid than did the other two groups. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that, compared with the LCT and MCT/LCT groups, rats administered STG had lower plasma lipid concentrations and leukocyte integrin expressions. In addition, STG administration may cause increased recruiting of neutrophils and monocytes at the site of injury and enhance antipathogenicity in rats undergoing a total gastrectomy.     

糖尿病患者中链和长链甘油三酯乳剂的清除比较

比较胰岛素非依赖性糖尿病患者中/长链甘油三酯(MCT/LCT)混合乳剂和长链甘油三酯(LCT)乳剂的清除率。每组各6例,在4小时输入脂肪期间,MCT/LCT组血甘油三酯达稳定状态。动力学参数表明MCT/LCT乳剂有着明显较小的表观分布容积和较短的半衰期。两种乳剂对血糖浓度也有不同的影响。在葡萄糖和脂肪代谢紊乱时,如需行含脂肪的肠外营养,应优先选择MCT/LCT混合乳剂。     

Effects of medium-chain triglyceride in parenteral nutrition on rats undergoing gastrectomy

This study was designed to investigate the effects of pre-infusion with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) using medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) versus long-chain triglyceride (LCT) emulsion as fat sources on hepatic lipids, inflammatory mediators and antioxidant capacity in rats undergoing gastrectomy. Rats with internal jugular catheter, were divided into two groups and received TPN. TPN supplied 300 kcal/kg/d with 39% of the energy provided as fat. All TPN solutions were isonitrogenous and identical in nutrient composition except for the fat emulsion, which was composed of MCT/LCT (1 : 1) or LCT. After receiving TPN for 5 days, the rats underwent partial gastrectomy and were sacrificed 24 h after surgery. The results of the study demonstrated that the MCL/LCT group had lower hepatic lipids than did the LCT group. No differences in interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in peritoneal lavage fluid were observed between the two groups. Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in the LCT group than the MCT/LCT group, although erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity did not differ significantly between the two groups. These results suggest that infusion with MCT/LCT before an abdominal operation did not have an effect on modulating the production of inflammatory mediators in the location of the injurious stimulus. However, pre-infusion with MCT/LCT have beneficial effect in improving liver lipid metabolism and reducing oxidative stress in rats with gastrectomy.     

A new intravenous emulsion containing medium-chain triglyceride: studies of its metabolic effects in the perioperative period compared with a conventional long-chain triglyceride emulsion

The effects of carbohydrate, lipid, and nitrogen metabolism of recently available lipid emulsions containing either 50% medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) and 50% long-chain triglyceride (LCT) or 100% LCT were compared in elective surgical patients. Postoperative urinary urea excretion was similar during isocaloric MCT/LCT and LCT infusions (1.9 mg/kg/min) and was decreased compared with a standard infusion of 5% glucose (1 mg/kg/min). Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were similar during both lipid and low dose glucose infusions. However, plasma triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations were decreased during the MCT/LCT infusion compared with the LCT infusion, suggesting that the MCT/LCT emulsion was cleared from the circulation faster than pure LCT. Ketone body concentrations were similar during all three infusions. MCT/LCT emulsion can be safely infused perioperatively and has similar nitrogen conserving properties to LCT in these circumstances.     

含中链甘油三脂的脂肪乳剂有利于胃切除术后大鼠的脂类代谢和抗氧化能力

研究胃切除大鼠于术前接受以中链甘油三酯或长链甘油三酯为脂肪来源的肠外营养对肝内脂类，炎性介质和抗氧化能力的影响。大鼠经颈内静脉插管，分成两组接受肠外营养治疗。肠外营养的能量为30kcal/kg/d， 脂肪占能量的39％。除了脂肪乳剂外所有肠外营养制剂都是等氮的并含有相同的营养成分，脂肪乳剂的成分中链／长链（1：1）或长链脂肪乳剂。大鼠于接受肠外营养5天后经部分胃切除术，于术后24小时处死。研究结果显示，中逻／长链组肝内脂肪少于长链组。提示中链／长链脂肪乳剂能改善肝脏脂类代谢。两组大鼠的腹腔灌洗液（PLF）和血液中白介素－1β（Ⅱ-1β），白介素－6（Ⅱ－6）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF－α）无显差别，说明术前输入中链／长链脂肪乳剂对调节大鼠循环血液中的炎性介质和手术刺激没有影响。长链脂肪乳剂组的红细胞谷胱甘肽超氧化物酶（GSHPx)的活力明显高于输入中链／长链脂肪乳剂组，但红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活力在两组之间无显性差别。这些结果说明，腹部手术前输入中链／长链脂肪乳剂能改善脂类代谢和减少氧化物的刺激。结论：推荐对准备行胃手术的肠外营养支持的病人使用中链／长链脂肪乳剂。     

结构甘油三酯与长链甘油三酯在健康志愿者中的代谢研究

目的：通过比较结构甘油三酯与长链甘油三酯在健康志愿者中的代谢效应,以评估结构脂肪乳剂代谢特征。方法：选择１６例健康志愿者进行前瞻性随机交叉对照研究,采用高甘油三酯钳闭技术比较ＳＴＧ和ＬＣＴ的代谢特征。结果;ＳＴＧ的血浆清除率较ＬＣＴ快１倍左右,ＳＴＧ组血清总游离脂到,游离甘油及β－羟基丁酸盐浓度明显高于ＬＣＴ组,血浆脂蛋白脂酶活性明显大于ＬＣＴ组并与所输注的甘油三酯量密切相关。     

MCT/LCT emulsion ameliorate liver fat deposition in insulin-treated diabetic rats receiving total parenteral nutrition

This study was designed to investigate the effects of high energy infusion and insulin treatment on plasma and liver lipids in diabetic rats receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin. The diabetic rats were assigned to two TPN groups to receive either long chain triglyceride (LCT) or medium chain triglyceride (MCT)/LCT (1:1) as a fat source. The TPN solutions were isonitrogenous, isocaloric and identical in nutrient composition except for the fat emulsion. All rats received the TPN solution at an energy level of 35|kcal/100|g of body weight. The LCT and MCT/LCT groups were further divided into two subgroups, depending on whether they were treated with insulin. The results demonstrated that, between the MCT/LCT and LCT groups, no differences were observed in body weight and nitrogen retention, as well as the concentrations of plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and total cholesterol. Diabetic TPN rats without insulin treatment had weight loss and negative nitrogen balance during the experiment. Diabetic TPN rats treated with insulin, however, demonstrated less weight loss and positive nitrogen retention. Insulin treated groups had significantly higher liver fat content than did those without insulin treatment. Furthermore, liver fat content was significantly higher in the LCT group than in the MCT/LCT group among insulin treated TPN rats. These results suggest that compared with the LCT emulsion, infusion of the MCT/LCT emulsion ameliorated liver fat deposition in insulin-treated diabetic rats receiving TPN.     

结构脂肪乳剂在肝硬化病人中的产热及代谢作用

目的：通过比较结构脂肪乳剂与长链脂肪乳剂在肝硬化病人的产热及代谢效应，以评估结构脂肪乳剂在肝硬化病保的应用价值。方法：选择１６例经病理证实为肝硬化病人作为研究对象，进行随机交叉研究。第一组７例病人分别连续输注２０％Ｉｎｔｒａｌｉｐｉｄ或２０％Ｓｔｒｕｅｔｏｌｉｐｉｄ４ｈ（０．２５ｇＴＧ／ｋｇ．ｈ＾－１）第二组９例病人分别连续输注上术脂肪乳剂和葡萄糖混合液６ｈ（０．１７ｇＴＧ／ｋｇ．ｈ＾－１及０．１     

中链甘油三酯干预对2型糖尿病血脂和血浆游离脂肪酸的影响

目的探讨中链甘油三酯(MCT)干预对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者体重、血脂和血浆游离脂肪酸的影响。方法以长链甘油三酯(LCT)为对照,将所有T2DM患者分为MCT组、MCT/LCT组和LCT组,在控制总能量和脂肪摄入量的基础上,3组分别连续食用100%MCT油、50%MCT油 50%LCT油和100%LCT油12周。在0、6和12周时检测血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)和载脂蛋白B(ApoB)浓度以及血浆游离脂肪酸浓度。计算体质指数(BMI)、LDL/HDL、ApoA1/ApoB、总游离脂肪酸(TFFA)、长链饱和脂肪酸(LCSFA)和不饱和脂肪酸(USFA)浓度。结果在6和12周时,MCT和MCT/LCT组的体重和BMI均较LCT组低(P<0.05)。在12周时MCT/LCT组的TC水平较LCT组低(P<0.05)。与实验前相比,MCT/LCT组6和12周时的LDL-C水平均显著下降(P<0.05);与6周时相比,MCT组12周时的LDL-C水平显著下降(P<0.05)。12周时LCT组的HDL-C水平较MCT组高(P<0.05)。与MCT组相比,LCT组的LCSFA水平在6周时显著升高(P<0.05)。3组的TFFA和USFA水平差异无显著性。结论在控制总能量和脂肪摄入量的基础上,用MCT取代100%或50%的膳食油脂,患者的BMI和血脂谱得到改善,而血浆游离脂肪酸无明显变化。