穿心莲的提取工艺研究

目的 :筛选穿心莲最佳提取工艺条件。方法 :以穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯为检测指标 ,考察不同工艺条件对二者含量的影响。结果 :以醇提工艺提取内酯成分含量较高 ,其中 ,醇浸渍工艺 >醇渗漉工艺 >醇温浸工艺 >醇回流工艺。结论 :制备穿心莲固体制剂 ,可采用 6 5 %及 5 5 %乙醇温浸工艺 ,对于穿心莲液体制剂 ,以 6 5 %及 75 %乙醇浸渍工艺及5 5 %乙醇渗漉工艺更为适宜     

穿心莲中有效成分不同提取方法的比较研究

目的:考察不同方法和溶剂组成对提取穿心莲中主要有效成分的影响.方法:药材分别采用不同的溶剂以冷浸、温浸、热回流、超声辅助、微波辅助等方法提取,高效液相色谱法测定穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯,紫外-可见分光光度法测定总黄酮.结果:以内酯总量为指标,提取率以85%乙醇冷浸最高,酸水冷浸最低.总黄酮的提取率以85%乙醇冷浸和微波辅助提取较高,碱水提取最低.有效成分提取率随溶剂中乙醇含量上升而增加.结论:85%乙醇冷浸提取穿心莲中穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯和总黄酮效果最好,微波辅助提取则充分表现出时间短、效率高、能耗少的特点.     

影响银杏叶有效成分的有关因素分析

对影响银杏叶有效成分的有关因素进行了综述,认为主要因素为产地,树龄,雌雄,采叶时间,采叶部位及加工方式的不同。另外,品种的影响也是亟待研究的一个问题。对历年来文献报道中存在的相互矛盾的问题进行了分析探讨。     

正交试验优选穿心莲提取工艺

本文应用正交设计试验法和方差分析的方法探讨了穿心莲提取的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:以碱水提取穿心莲时pH值为8.0;提取时间30min,酸化时pH调至6为佳。     

穿心莲提取工艺及其含量测定研究进展

穿心莲及其制剂是临床较常用的抗菌消炎药物。由于其内在质量很不稳定,影响了临床有效地应用。就穿心莲生药提取工艺的改进及成分的含量分析测定方法两方面对近二十年来的研究和进展作一概述。     

影响穿心莲片中穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯含量测定的因素

目的:确定影响穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的提取因素.方法:以穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯含量为指标,采用高效液相色谱法进行含量测定.结果:穿心莲片的最佳提取条件为甲醇浸泡1 h后超声0.5 h、过中性氧化铝柱并以15 mL甲醇洗脱.结论:此方法适合穿心莲的分析.     

芪丹煎剂有效成分提取方法优选研究

目的:研究芪丹煎剂有效成分超声法提取的最适条件.方法:利用正交试验设计,对水量、提取时间和提取次数进行分析,找出最适条件.按最适条件重复3次,考察重复性.结果:水量为14倍、提取时间为30min,提取次数为3次时有效成分的总含量最大,3次平行试验有效成分总含量RSD为0.86%.结论:超声法提取的最佳条件为:水量14倍、提取时间30min,提取次数3次.本方法重复性较好.     

中药有效成分的提取方法

中药制剂主要是以植物、动物、矿物,或是以其中某一类成分作为原料的。因为中药的化学成分十分复杂,所以大多数剂型需要选用适当的方法 ,从原料药中将有效的成分提取出来。     

马齿苋有效成分的提取及定量分析

目的提取马齿苋中多糖、生物碱、多不饱和脂肪酸和黄酮有效成分及定量，为研制治疗糖尿病的功能性食品提供依据。方法分别采用不同有机溶剂提取方法提取有效成分。结果几种有效物质的含量由大到小依次为多糖、生物碱、黄酮、多不饱和脂肪酸。结论南昌地区马齿苋中含有以上4种有效成分且生物碱含量比其他地区稍高。     

穿心莲药材不同提取方式的合理性评价

目的:比较不同穿心莲提取液中有效成分含量、指纹图谱和药效学活性。方法:采用减压提取法(VAE)、超声提取法(UAE)和传统提取法(HRE)制备提取液,利用HPLC对不同穿心莲提取物进行微观组分指纹图谱分析,流动相乙腈(A)-0.2%甲酸水溶液(B)梯度洗脱(0~20 min,10%~30%A;20~30 min,30%~35%A;30~40 min,35%~60%A;40~50 min,60%~85%A;50~60 min,85%~100%A),检测波长254 nm,结合DPPH自由基反应体系,考察不同工艺提取液的抗氧清除能力。结果:VAE对穿心莲药材中药效成分(穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯)提取效率显著高于传统方法。3种提取液的指纹图谱均含有17个特征峰,VAE,HRE及UAE的相似度分别为0.957,0.911,0.905。清除DPPH自由基能力强弱顺序为VAE>UAE>HRE,当质量浓度为20 g·L-1时,DPPH清除率分别为44.85%,25.29%,16.58%。结论:穿心莲不同工艺提取液中药效成分不存在显著性差异。与传统提取法相比,VAE具有提取时间短、效率高、无污染等优点。VAE液对DPPH自由基清除效果优于HRE液和UAE液。     

Studies on psychopharmacological activity of Andrographis paniculata extract

Psychopharmacological studies were conducted on an extract of Andrographis paniculata herbs. The extract exhibited a significant alteration in behaviour pattern and a reduction in spontaneous motility. The extract also produced a prolongation of the pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time and lowered the body temperature in different experimental animal models.     

Impact of Andrographis paniculata crude extract on mouse hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes

Modulatory influence of Andrographis paniculata crude extract on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes was performed by administration of the crude extract of Andrographis paniculata to ICR male mice. Total hepatic P450 content was not significantly modified by either the aqueous or the alcoholic extracts of Andrographis paniculata. Assessment of hepatic microsomal P450 activities by alkoxyresorufin O-dealkylations noted that both the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Andrographis paniculata significantly increased ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase and pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activities, while those of methoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activities were not elevated. These results suggested that Andrographis paniculata might effectuate hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes of which CYP1A1 and CYP2B are the responsive P450 isoforms.     

Differential inhibition of rat and human hepatic cytochrome P450 by Andrographis paniculata extract and andrographolide

The inhibitory effect of Andrographis paniculata extract (APE) and andrographolide (AND), the most medicinally active phytochemical in the extract, on hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYPs) activities was examined using rat and human liver microsomes. For this purpose, CYP1A2-dependent ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation, CYP2B1-dependent benzyloxyresorufin-O-dealkylation, CYP2B6-dependent bupropion hydroxylation, CYP2C-dependent tolbutamide hydroxylation, CYP2E1-dependent p-nitrophenol hydroxylation and CYP3A-dependent testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation activities, were determined in the presence and absence of APE or AND (0-200 microM). APE inhibited ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation activity in rat and human liver microsomes, with apparent Ki values of 8.85 and 24.46 microM, respectively. In each case, the mode of inhibition was noncompetitive. APE also inhibited tolbutamide hydroxylation both in rat and human microsomes with apparent Ki values of 8.21 and 7.51 microM, respectively and the mode of inhibition was mixed type. In addition, APE showed a competitive inhibition only on CYP3A4 in human microsomes with Ki of 25.43 microM. AND was found to be a weak inhibitor of rat CYP2E1 with a Ki of 61.1 microM but did not affect human CYP2E1. In conclusion, it cannot be excluded from the present study that APE could cause drug-drug interactions in humans through CYP3A and 2C9 inhibition.     

试析穿心莲片中穿心莲内酯及脱水穿心莲内酯的变异因素

依据穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯的稳定性机理,从药材原料(产地、采收季节、贮藏时间)、热稳定性、生产工艺(溶媒、温度、受热时间、贮藏条件)等方面分析穿心莲制剂过程中影响穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯含量的因素,探讨提高穿心莲片质量的措施。结果表明,优选穿心莲药材,优化制剂工艺,降低加热时间和温度,均是提高穿心莲片质量的有效措施。     

穿心莲流膏中穿心莲内酯类成分在烘干过程中的变化

目的：探讨在穿心莲流膏干燥过程中穿心莲内酯类成分变化规律。方法：以HPLC法测定了烘干过程中不同处理条件下样品的穿心莲内酯和脱水穿心莲内酯的含量。结果：在烘干过程中，穿心莲内酯一直呈下降趋势，脱水穿心莲内酯在前12h呈上升趋势，以后缓慢下降。结论：烘干温度不是唯一影响穿心莲内酯类成分变化的主要因素。     

Role of semi-purified andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata extract as nano-phytovesicular carrier for enhancing oral absorption and hypoglycemic activity

Objective: Andrographis paniculata is a well-known medicinal plant in Southeast Asia, India and China.The plant contains andrographolide(AN), a very important phytochemical used in various health problems. However, AN is low in oral absorption bioavailability of AN due to the rapid clearance and high protein binding capacity.Methods: The present study was aimed to develop a nano-phytovesicular formulation of semi-purified AN extracts from a naturally occurring phospholipid(soya phosphatidylcholine) in order to increase the oral absorption and antihyperglycemic activity in rats.Results: The nano-phyto vesicle of semi-purified AN extracts equivalent to 25 mg/kg AN significantly protected the hyperglycemic condition of rats. The in vitro and in vivo experiments results proved that the nano-phytovesicular system of plant extracts containing AN produced better oral absorption, bioavailability and improved antihyperglycemic activity compared with that of free AN at dose of 50 mg/kg.Conclusion: Hence, the prepared semi-purified extract nano-phytovesicular system is helpful in solving the problem of rapid clearance of AN.     

ent-Labdane diterpenoids from Andrographis paniculata

Six new ent-labdane diterpenoids, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-14,19-dideoxyandrographolide (1), 14-deoxy-17-hydroxyandrographolide (2), 19-O-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoyl]-3,14-dideoxyandrographolide (3), 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranosylandrographolide (4), 12S-hydroxyandrographolide (5), and andrographatoside (6), together with 17 known analogues, were isolated from the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata. The structures of 1-6 were determined by spectroscopic data analysis. All compounds isolated were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against several bacterial and fungal strains.     

银杏叶提取物对辛伐他汀药物代谢影响的研究

目的:研究银杏叶制剂对辛伐他汀体外代谢及其代谢相关酶的影响,探讨两药是否存在相互作用,为临床上两药的合理联用提供试验依据.方法:将大鼠随机分为4组:分别为生理盐水对照组、苯巴比妥钠阳性对照组、低剂量银杏叶制剂组和高剂量银杏叶制剂组.灌胃10天后,处死动物摘取肝脏并制备成微粒体.分光光度法测定各组微粒体蛋白含量,红霉素N-脱甲基酶(ERDase)活性,HPLC测定辛伐他汀体外代谢情况.结果:与生理盐水对照组比较:苯巴比妥钠阳性对照组微粒体蛋白含量、ERDabe活性及辛伐他汀体外代谢均显著增加(P<0.05);高剂量银杏叶组上述各指标也明显增加(P<0.05),且数值均介于生理盐水和苯巴比妥钠两组之间;低剂量银杏叶组各指标仅有增加趋势,但差别无统计学意义.结论:大剂量银杏叶制剂可以诱导CYP3A的活性,促进辛伐他汀的体外代谢,提示银杏叶制剂与辛伐他汀或其他CYP3A底物合用时要注意药物的相互作用.     

穿心莲药材薄层色谱鉴别方法研究

目的研究穿心莲薄层色谱鉴别方法,用薄层色谱法评价不同产地穿心莲药材质量,及白云山穿心莲GAP基地药材质量。方法采用乙醇提取,预制硅胶G板,以氯仿-甲醇-甲酸(7∶3∶0.5)为展开剂,喷以10%的硫酸溶液,在105℃下加热至斑点显色清晰。结果与药典原方法比较,该方法得到斑点多,斑点分离好、包容信息量大。结论用该方法可评价不同产地穿心莲药材质量,突出白云山穿心莲GAP基地药材内在特点。     

穿心莲指纹图谱的实验研究

目的:建立代表穿心莲的指纹特征指纹图谱检测方法.方法:在特定的色谱条件下,采用高效液相色谱法测定穿心莲药材的指纹图谱.结果:通过高效液相色谱法建立了稳定性好、精密度高、重复性良好的指纹图谱检测方法.结论:建立的穿心莲指纹图谱检测方法可用于的其药材鉴别及质量控制.