隐匿性房室旁道心电图定位特征探讨

回顾分析射频消融成功的３６５例隐匿性房室旁道患者房室折返性心动过速时的逆传Ｐ（Ｐ－）波特点，并比较Ｖ１及食管导联的ＲＰ－（ＲＰ－Ｖ１和ＲＰ－Ｅ）间期，以探讨隐匿性房室旁道的定位特征。结果显示：①Ｉ、ａＶＬ导联（简称Ⅰ－Ｌ导联）显示Ｐ－波倒置的１７５例均为左心旁道，其中左游离壁旁道１５５例、左后隔旁道２０例；Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ａＶＦ导联（简称Ⅱ－Ｆ导联）显示Ｐ－深倒７０例，其中左后隔旁道５０例中有３５例（７０．０％）、右后隔旁道３０例中有２５例（８３．３％）、右游离壁旁道６０例中有１０例（１６．７％），前两者与后者分别相比差异有显著性，Ｐ均＜０．００１。②在左心旁道中，ＲＰ－Ｖ１间期与ＲＰ－Ｅ间期相比（１６６．２±１７．８ｍｓｖｓ１１８．１±１９．２ｍｓ），差异有显著性，Ｐ＜０．０１；在右心旁道中，右前膈、右游离壁旁道ＲＰ－Ｖ１间期与ＲＰ－Ｅ分别相比（１０７．１±１８ｍｓｖｓ１５７．１±１８ｍｓ，１３２．５±１８．６ｍｓｖｓ１８９．２±２３．５ｍｓ），差异有显著性，Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ⅰ－Ｌ导联Ｐ－波倒置为左心旁道的重要表现，Ⅱ－Ｆ导联Ｐ－波深倒是后隔旁道的重要特点，两个导联上Ｐ－波均直立提示右前隔旁道，左心旁道ＲＰ－Ｅ间?     

显性预激综合征与房室折返性心动过速100例分析

分析１００例显性预激综合征食管心房调搏的资料，结果表明：①诱发顺向型房室折返性心动过速（Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ）４９例，左侧旁道（ＡＰ）较右侧ＡＰ发生率高；逆向型房室折返性心动过速（Ａ－ＡＶＲＴ）３例，均见于右侧ＡＰ。前向与逆向的单次折返１３例。房室折返性心律失常总计６５例，占６５％。②Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ的形成应具备旁道前传的有效不应期（ＡＰＡ－ＥＲＰ）＞房室结有效不应期（ＡＶＮ－ＥＲＰ）＞左房有效不应期（ＬＡ－ＥＲＰ）。Ａ－ＡＶＲＴ的形成，应具备ＡＶＮ－ＥＲＰ＞ＡＰＡ－ＥＲＰ＞ＬＡ－ＥＲＰ。③房室折返性心动过速的诱发以Ｓ_１Ｓ_２及分级递增法为最佳。     

食管心房调搏指标诊断室上性心动过速价值的评定

以射频消融结果为依据，评定Ｓ＿２Ｒ跃增值和ＲＰ＿Ｅ时距对４８例慢－快型房室结折返性心动过速（Ｓ－Ｆ型ＡＶＮＲＴ）和１４１例顺向型房室折返性心动过速（Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ）患者的诊断及鉴别诊断价值，并讨论两类心动过速食管调搏的定量判别标准。结果表明：（１）Ｓ＿２Ｒ跃增以≥６０ｍｓ诊断ＡＶＮＲＴ为宜，但有一定局限性，其敏感性、特异性、诊断价值分别为９１．６％、８５．８％、７２．８％。（２）ＲＰ＿Ｅ时距≤７０ｍｓ和＞７０ｍｓ分别对Ｓ－Ｆ型ＡＶＮＲＴ、Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ的诊断及鉴别诊断价值较高。敏感性、特异性、诊断价值分别为９３．８％、１００％、１００％与１００％、９３．８％、９７．９％．（３）少数（１７％）右侧壁旁道逆传性心动过速ＲＰ＿Ｅ／Ｐ＿ＥＲ可＞１．０。（４）Ｓ－Ｆ型ＡＶＮＲＴ与Ｏ－ＡＶＲＴ的定量判别Ｓ＿２Ｒ跃增、ＲＰ＿Ｅ标准宜分别取≥６０ｍｓ、≤７０ｍｓ与＜６０ｍｓ、＞７０ｍｓ。     

房室结慢径消融术后快径前传不应期变化与房室结传导特性的关系

目的对房室结慢径消融术后快径路前传不应期的变化与房室结传导特性的关系进行分析。方法分别测量４５例房室结折返性心动过速患者术前快径路前传不应期（ＦＥＲＰＢ）、术后快径路前传不应期（ＦＥＲＰＡ）及其差值（ＤＥＲＰ）,术前慢径路前传时间（Ｓｐ）、快径路前传时间（Ｆｐ）及其差值（Ｄｐ）,并对ＦＥＲＰＢ与ＦＥＲＰＡ进行样本均数ｔ检验,计算ＤＥＲＰ与Ｄｐ的相关系数（ｒ）。结果ＦＥＲＰＢ与ＦＥＲＰＡ分别为３５４±５８．２５ｍｓ及３１１．１４±５７．３３ｍｓ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＤＥＲＰ与Ｄｐ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．３９８９,Ｐ＝０．０２～０．０５）。结论慢径消融术后快径路前传不应期缩短,快慢径路传导特性的差异与慢径路消融术后快径路前传不应期的变化有关。     

切割前房结通路对家兔房室结电生理特性的影响

为进一步了解房室结整体电生理特性以及消融治疗房室结折返性心动过速的机制，选择性切割无房室结双径现象离体家兔心的前房结通路（Ｋｃｈ三角前区）观察其对房室结电生理参数的影响。与切割前相比，切割后ＡＨ间期、房室结功能不应期、房室结前传文氏周长、室房逆传文氏周长及ＶＡ间期延长（分别为４５．６４±８．６８ｍｓｖｓ３８．２３±６．１３ｍｓ，１６６．３４±１５．３３ｍｓｖｓ１４４．４８±１０．８６ｍｓ，１６３．３７±１７．２２ｍｓｖｓ１３８．３６±１２．４３ｍｓ，２０２．６０±４１．５０ｍｓｖｓ１６８．５０±２０．３０ｍｓ，６８．６０±１．６０ｍｓｖｓ５４．５０±７．１０ｍｓ，Ｐ均＜０．０５）。提示毁损房室交界区特定部位可以影响房室结整体电生理特性。     

Pv1－PE时距在室上速分型诊断中的应用

本文采用一个体表右胸单极导联（ｖ１）和两个食道单极导联，同步记录心电图，进行无创性心房激动顺序标测，通过对４９例室上速病人在窦律时和室上速时Ｐｖ１－ＰＥ时距的测定，发现房室折返性心动过速与房室结折返性心动过速有明显的区别。在房室结折返性心动过速中．左侧隐匿性旁道和Ａ型预激综合征所致的房室折返的Ｐｖ１－ＰＥ时距非常接近，与Ｂ型预激综合征有显著性差异。结果表明:Ｐｖ１－ＰＥ时距在室上速的分型诊断中，特别是在房室折返性心动过速与房室结折返性心动过速的鉴别诊断中，是一项易观察和很有实用价值的指标。     

国人室上性心动过速的性别特征及逆行P波对其折返径路的诊断价值

对９０例室上性心动过速（ＳＶＴ）患者的性别特征与逆行Ｐ波（Ｐ＇）分析结果发现：国人隐匿性房室旁道（ＣＡＰ）多于房室结双通道（ＤＡＶＮＰ），前者以男性为主，后者以女性为主；约２／３的旁道位于左游离壁（ＬＦＷ），１／３位于间隔及右游离壁，ＬＦＷ男性多见，间隔旁道女性多见；房室折返性心动过速Ｐ＇明显且Ｒ－Ｐ＇≥７０ｍｓ，房室结折返性心动过速多无Ｐ＇或Ｒ－Ｐ＇＜７０ｍｓ；Ｐ＇和Ｒ－Ｐ＇对ＡＶＲＴ和ＡＶＮＲＴ的手术前后诊断符合率为１００％。提示：心电图正常者，ＳＶＴ时Ｐ＇明显的男性，多为ＣＡＰ，且多在ＬＦＷ；ＳＶＴ时无Ｐ＇的女性，多为ＤＡＶＮＰ。     

体表心电图对窄型QRS波心动过速的鉴别诊断

采用体表心电图１０项指标对７３例窄型ＱＲＳ波（＜０．１２ｓ）心动过速鉴别诊断，并与电生理检查分型比较，射频电消蚀术验证，７３例均为室上性心动过速，其中房性心动过速１例，房室结折返住心动过速２６例，房室折返性心动过速４６例。１０项指标中，Ｐ’波及极性，ＲＰ’间期、ＲＰ’／ＲＲ比值、ＲＰ’间期与Ｐ’Ｒ间期二者的关系、Ｖ１导联之ｒ’波、ＱＲＳ波电交替、２°度房室传导阻滞对鉴别有肯定价值，检出符合率８２．２％。     

心室起搏对后间隔旁道与快径逆传的诊断价值

通过右室心尖部和基底部两个不同部位的起搏，比较１５例房室结折返性心动过速（对照组）和８例隐匿性后间隔旁道参与的房室折返性心动过速患者（观察组）的室房传导时间（ＶＡＩ）。结果显示：①心尖部起搏时对照组ＶＡＩ为１７４±３４ｍｓ，与观察组１８６±３８ｍｓ相比无显著性差异（Ｐ＝ＮＳ）。②基底部起搏时观察组ＶＡＩ为１５３±２４ｍｓ，明显短于对照组１９９±３４ｍｓ，两者比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。③两个部位（心尖部与基底部）ＶＡＩ的差值对照组≤０（－５０～０，平均－２４±１６ｍｓ）与观察组≥１５ｍｓ（１５～７５，平均３４±１９ｍｓ）比较有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．００１）。提示右室心尖部与基底部连续起搏可快速、准确地鉴别室房传导是经快径路还是后间隔旁道     

从慢径消融发生的交界区心律试探房室结双径的本质

７６例慢－快型房室结折返性心动过速（ＡＶＮＲＴ）患者接受房室结慢径消融术。６５例慢径阻断、９例双径存在但ＡＶＮＲＴ不能诱发、２例快径阻断。慢径阻断后，除快径的前传有效不应期（ＥＲＰ）缩短（２８７．０±７９．０ｍｓｖｓ３４４．０±８７．０ｍｓ，Ｐ＜０．０１）外，房室传导的文氏点、２１阻滞点、室房传导的１１点、快径逆传ＥＲＰ、前传和逆传功能不应期均无明显改变。共放电８４１次，其中无交界区心律的３１７次放电，无一次消融成功。６５例慢径阻断者，交界区心律减少或消失。以上结果提示快径和慢径可能是两条各具电生理特性的传导纤维。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。