POLYPLOID MESOTHELIAL CELLS IN PLEURAL FLUID

The Feulgen-DNA content of the mesothelial cells In non-malignant pleural fluids was cytophotometrically examined on 21 autopsy cases, In 13 of which (62%) polyploid mesothelial cells with greater than tetraploid nuclear DNA content were found. In 7 the polyploid cells appeared at the rate of 6 to 14%, 6 of which had suffered from uremia or congestive cardiac failure. The appearance rate was closely related to such pleural pathologic changes as prominent edema, diffuse hemorrhage, and fibrin precipitation. The occurrence of these polyploid cells was considered to be the result of mitotic abnormalities in the affected pleural area. Since polyploid mesothelial cells are not rare in certain non-malignant pleural fluids, a trial to establish the diagnosis of malignancy based on DNA cytophotometry alone is not recommended.     

癌性胸水淋巴细胞的激活、生物学特性及其在治疗过程中的变化

经Ｆｉｃｏｌｌ－Ｈｙｐａｑｕｅ分离从癌性胸水中获得的淋巴细胞，在体外含ＩＬ－２的培养条件下激活成为ＰＥＡＬ；后者具有正常人二倍体细胞核型，胞质中可见电子致密、大小不等的膜包二硫键阳性颗粒，可能属于穿孔素。ＰＥＡＬ的增殖依赖于一定浓度ＩＬ－２的存在。其对Ｋ５６２和Ｒａｊｉ的细胞毒活性高峰大多处于培养的１０～２０天。胸腔局部应用ｒＩＬ－２预刺激后所诱导的ＰＥＡＬ细胞毒活性较高，增殖也较为旺盛，ＰＥＡＬ细胞经济易得，对肿瘤细胞有较强的杀伤活性，在体外能进一步扩增，是一种较为适合于继承性免疫治疗的抗瘤效应细胞。     

COLLAGEN-PRODUCING MESOTHELIAL CELLS IN ADRIAMYCIN-INDUCED PLEURITIS IN RAT

By the microautoradiographic method using ³H-proline, collagen production by mesothelial cells was investigated in adriamycin-induced pleuritis in rats. In subpleural granulation tissue formed at 4 to 7 days after the intrapleural injection of adriamycin, proliferating fibroblasts and primitive mesenchymal cells were most intensely labeled, and abundant deposition of collagen and acid mucopolysaccharides were demonstrated about these cells. It is thus concluded that these subpleural mesenchymal cells are mainly responsible for the fibrosing process. Labeling was also observed in some reactive mesothelial cells and macrophages free-floating in the pleural exudate. Several ultrastructural differences between labeled mesothelial cells floating in the fluid and lining the pleural surface were confirmed, suggesting a change in ability to synthesize collagen during mesothelial desquamation. It seems likely that these labeled mononuclear cells in the effusion, attached to the pleural wound surface, support fibrosis performed by underlying collagen-synthesizing mesenchymal cells. Pleural fibrosis disappeared by 10 days, when mesothelial regeneration was almost complete. Probably this change may be due to fibrinolytic activity caused by regenerative mesothelial cells derived from subpleural mesenchymal cells.     

人体腹膜壁层间皮细胞微绒毛的超微结构

本文应用扫描电镜、透射电镜和冷冻复型技术对16例人体腹膜壁层间皮进行了观察。结果表明腹膜间皮细胞表面均有微绒毛,但不同部位微绒毛的长短、疏密和排列的方式不同。有的绒毛具有一些特殊形态:(1) 鼓槌状微绒毛;(2) 分叉状微绒毛;(3) 一根微绒毛主干上有多根次级微绒毛;(4) 微绒毛内含有吞饮小泡;(5) 微绒毛根部或其边缘有吞饮小泡开口。     

人胚胎肺内神经内分泌细胞电镜观察

用透射电镜对不同胎龄的人胚胎肺内神经内分泌细胞进行了发生和超微结构观察。肺内支气管上皮内未分化细胞，第八周开始向神经内分泌细胞转化，提示神经内分泌细胞对早期胚胎肺的发生、发育有特殊意义。神经内分泌细胞内致密核心小泡（ＤＣＶ）及其它与内分泌活动有关的各种细胞器发达。能见到Ｐ０细胞、Ｐ１细胞、Ｐ２细胞及Ｐ３细胞等四种类型的神经内分泌细胞。Ｐ０细胞的发生及分化程度表明它可能是一种前细胞，它可以进一步转化     

衰老时人大脑皮质胶质细胞超微结构的研究

用电子显微镜对１０例老年人和７例成年人大脑额叶、顶叶和颞叶皮质胶质细胞进行了研究。发现老年组胶质细胞内脂褐素增多，卫星化增加，星形胶质细胞有胞质肥大，表面下复合器的情况增多，并有胶质细胞岛和衰老斑形成。     

胎儿消化器官发育中的肥大细胞超微结构特点

实验对１０例不同胎龄肥儿消化器官的胎大细胞进行了超微结构观察，发现胎儿发育接近成熟时，其肥大细胞根据颗粒的超微结构可分ＴＣ肥大细胞和Ｔ肥大细胞两型；胎儿发育后期以大细胞有分泌活动呈活化状态；胎儿肥大细胞与成纤维细胞，上皮细胞，血管，神经等密切接触。     

癫痫大鼠海马内凋亡神经元超微结构的研究

目的　为揭示海人酸癫痫模型海马内神经元的死亡机制。　方法　选用海人酸诱导的癫痫大鼠模型,对海马内凋亡神经元的超微结构进行观察。　结果　电镜下,实验组大鼠海马齿状回门区和ＣＡ１区内可见散在的凋亡神经元,凋亡神经元主要表现为核周染色体的聚集和凝结成块,其核膜表现为皱缩和扭曲,在晚期凋亡的神经元有时可见核膜破裂。凋亡神经元胞浆内的细胞器保持完整。　结论　凋亡参与了海人酸诱发癫痫发作后海马内神经元的死亡过程。     

ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DUODENAL SOMATOSTATINOMAS

Ultrastructural findings of granules and vesicles appearing in tumor cells of somatostatinoma are reported. Except for D granules, one granule and four kinds of vesicles were discerned. Some tumor cells had granules of the exocrine type which were similar to those of the chief cells of the stomach. Very small clear vesicles (YO and KO) had accumulated mainly in the apical region of the somatostatinoma cells. Both vesicles were round, unit–membrane bounded and clear in the center, each measuring about 90 and 30 nm in diameter. The cored vesicles normally seen in the sympathetic system were revealed. Doughnut vesicles characterized by double contour membranes were detected together with the cored vesicles.
A mixutre of exocrine cells of the chief cell–type in the paraneuroma has not been previously reported. And we have as yet very little information as to the doughnut vesicle. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 359–366, 1983.     

心钠素对培养人心包间皮细胞内钙离子浓度的影响

目的　探讨心纳素与人类心包间皮细胞之间的关系。　方法　分离人心包间皮细胞进行体外培养 ,用Fluo 3作为钙的指示剂 ,利用激光共聚焦显微镜测定 10 - 9mol L ,10 - 1 0 mol L ,10 - 1 1 mol L心钠素 (ANP)分别用作用于人心包间皮细胞后细胞内Ca2 (Ca2 )浓度变化。　结果　人心包间皮细胞存在细胞内Ca2 浓度的改变 ,随着ANP浓度的增加 ,细胞内Ca2 浓度出现非常明显的变化 (P <0 0 0 0 1) ;细胞内Ca2 浓度随时间变化也出现明显的变化 (P <0 0 0 0 1) ;不同时间测定的钙离子浓度与ANP浓度之间存在着交互作用 (P <0 0 0 0 1)。　结论　人心包间皮细胞存在细胞内Ca2 的改变 ;不同浓度的ANP作用于间皮细胞后引起细胞内Ca2 浓度出现明显不同的改变     

人胎膜结缔组织内细胞的超微结构

本文利用透射电镜,研究正常人足月妊娠的胎膜结缔组织内细胞的超微结构,发现在人胎膜内,除了成纤维细胞及 Hofbauer 细胞外,还有许多肌成纤维细胞存在。由于肌成纤维细胞像平滑肌细胞一样具有收缩功能.因此,它和具有弹性的微原纤维,可能有共同防止胎膜过分伸展的作用。     

生殖周期中大鼠输卵管粘膜上皮纤毛细胞超微结构的变化

大鼠输卵管粘膜上皮纤毛细胞游离面纤毛密集而整齐，生殖周期中未见明显的去纤毛，复纤毛的变化；细胞内线粒体丰富，核上区线粒体的电子密度较其它部位高，在动情间期，细胞内线粒体电子密度明显降低；细胞内线粒体退变地动情期，于动情后期加剧；溶酶体始见于动情期，动情后期及动情间期呈增多趋势；     

蛇胸腺APUD细胞超微结构的研究

虎斑颈槽蛇（Ｒｈａｂｄｏｐｈｉｓ ｔｉｇｒｉｎａ）胸腺实质组织含有ＡＰＵＤ细胞。电镜下，这些细胞的粗面内质网少、游离核糖体较丰富、线粒体较少、高尔基复合体不发达，其主要特征是含有许多分泌颗粒。根据分泌颗粒的形状、大小和内部结构，可将这些细胞分为３类型。Ⅰ型细胞的颗粒小，呈圆形或椭圆形，直径为１００￣１５０ｎｍ，具有电子密度高的粒芯和窄晕轮；Ⅱ型细胞的颗粒呈圆形，直径为１５０￣３５０ｎｍ，电子密度高     

大鼠垂体前叶内分泌细胞溶酶体的电镜细胞化学研究

用溶酶体的标志酶──胞嘧啶单核苷酸酶（ＣＭＰ）细胞化学反应显示溶酶体的超微结构，并比较了各种细胞溶酶体的特点以及在高泌和低分泌状态下溶酶体的变化。结果表明，在垂体前叶内分泌细胞中，溶酶体数量丰富，结构多样，以分泌自噬的方式参与了垂体前叶激素分泌的调节。     

离体培养鸡胚脑神经细胞的超微结构研究

本文应用扫描电镜和透射电镜,观察离体培养鸡胚脑细胞的超微结构,侧重描述了神经细胞及其突起间突触连接的形态特征。培养4天后,分化发育成为双极和多极的神经细胞及其突起,彼此已连成网络,并出现初期的突触连接,还见有突触前袋样结构和桥粒样细胞连接。培养7天后,神经细胞之间的轴-树、轴-体和轴-轴等类型的突触连接数目增多,透明突触囊泡密集,结构更完善。培养10天和14天后,神经细胞之间的突触连接仍较多,但已出现神经细胞变性,纤维性神经胶质细胞明显增多。     

AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF HUMAN JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS

An electron microscopic investigation was made on the Juxtaglomerular cells (JC) of human renal glomeruli. This study corroborates the myoepithelioid appearance of JC situated in the wall of the afferent arteriole. These cells contain secretion granules as well as fibrillar bundles similar to myofilaments of the smooth muscle cells, while JC located farthest from the afferent arteriole lack them. In addition, a transitional form from agranular to granular JC is noted. It is presumed that (1) JC have a potency of a two-way differentiation (muscular and endocrine), and (2) granular JC are derived from agranular JC.
The existence of several types of intercellular Junctions and the occurrence of cilia in human JC have also been demonstrated in the present study.     

葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶在大白鼠心肌细胞超微结构的定位

葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6Pase)是内质网的标志酶,本研究观察了大白鼠左心室心肌细胞的G6Pase的定位。实验结果表明,G6Pase活性遍布于心肌细胞的肌浆网(内质网)腔内,包括肌原纤维之间的肌浆网小管、肌膜下池和核膜。尤其是酶的反应产物在肌原纤维处显示了肌浆网小管的特征性分布:即在A带处肌浆网小管排列紧密形成致密网格,而在I带处排列稀疏,形成多角形大网格。这种排列特点可能和肌肉的舒缩功能有关,在收缩时I带的细丝向A带粗丝处滑动,肌节缩短。在I带处肌浆网小管排列成大网格、稀疏,便于伸长或缩短,是适应性的分布。