应用门控心肌显像定量分析室壁局部运动对心功能的影响

目的 利用定量门控^99mTc-MIBI心肌显像评价左心室室壁各节段运动对左心功能的影响。 方法 对768例患者进行门控^99mTc-MIBI心肌显像,采用QGSPECT程序定量获得20节段的局部室壁运动(WM)及左心室射血分数(LVEF)值。分析LVEF与心室各节段WM的关系。 结果 所得4个公共因子分别代表不同的节段信息,F₁反映了心尖、侧壁的近心尖和中段、前壁、下壁和下间隔的近心尖的信息。F₂反映了前壁和下间隔的中段、整个前间隔的信息。F₃反映了前壁和下侧壁的基底段的信息。F₄反映了下壁的中段和基底段及下间隔基底段的信息。利用多元线性回归分析的方法得出其对LVEF影响的大小顺序为F₁＞F₃＞F₂＞F₄(标准回归系数分别为0.633、0.471、0.415、0.169,P＜0.001)。 结论 应用定量门控心肌显像获得的WM与LVEF有显著的相关性,影响最大的包括心尖、侧壁的近心尖和中段、前壁、下壁和下间隔的近心尖。     

Good correlation between gated single photon emission computed myocardial tomography and contrast ventriculography in the assessment of global and regional left ventricular function

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the measured left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and wall motion analysis by the recently introduced quantitative electrocardiographically (ECG)-gated myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed myocardial tomography technique (gated SPECT) (QGS). Materials and methods: We compared technetium-99 m tetrofosmin gated SPECT imaging and contrast ventriculography in the assessment of global and regional left ventricular function in 74 patients with undiagnosed chest pain of whom 27 sustained a previous myocardial infarction. Results: Linear regression analysis demonstrated that gated SPECT determined LVEF correlated well with LVEF determined from contrast ventriculography (y = 0.95x + 1.9, r ² = 0.84, p < 0.0001). Bland–Altman plot analysis showed no systematic difference between the two sets of values derived from the two imaging approaches over a wide range of LVEF values. Exact agreement of segmental wall motion scores was 460 of 518 (89%) segments with a kappa value of 0.76 (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: We conclude that gated SPECT imaging is an accurate and reliable clinical tool to accurately measure global and regional left ventricular function.     

Factors Affecting Accuracy of Ventricular Volume and Ejection Fraction Measured by Gated Tl-201 Myocardial Perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography

The electrocardiogram-gated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume and ejection fraction may contain substantial errors. We evaluated whether patient-related factors affect the accuracy of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction measured by gated Tl-201 SPECT. A total of 518 patients without perfusion defects on Tl-201 SPECT or coronary artery disease were studied. Left ventricular volume and ejection fraction were measured from echocardiography and adenosine stress/redistribution gated Tl-201 SPECT using commercially available software packages (QGS and 4D-MSPECT). We identified factors affecting the accuracy of gated SPECT via multiple linear regression analysis of the differences between echocardiography and gated SPECT. Gated SPECT analyzed with QGS underestimated end-diastolic and end-systolic volume, and overestimated ejection fraction, but 4D-MSPECT overestimated all those values (P<0.001). Independent variables associated with increasing the difference in end-diastolic volume between echocardiography and gated SPECT were decreasing left ventricular end-diastolic wall thickness, decreasing body surface area, female sex and increasing end-diastolic volume (P<0.001). Those for end-systolic volume were decreasing left ventricular end-systolic wall thickness, female sex, and decreasing end-systolic volume (P<0.001). Increasing end-systolic wall thickness, male sex and decreasing age were independent determinants associated with an increased difference in ejection fraction (P<0.001). Adenosine stress SPECT showed significantly higher end-diastolic and end-systolic volume values and a lower ejection fraction than did redistribution SPECT (P<0.001). Patient-related factors affect the accuracy of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction measured by gated Tl-201 SPECT. Modification of gated SPECT measurements by taking account of these factors would lead to reduce systemic errors.The authors do not have any financial associations that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. None of the authors has a financial interest in any cardiac software package, and this study was not supported by any vendor or cardiac software producer.     

Usefulness of free-angle M-mode echocardiography in assessing left ventricular dimension and left ventricular systolic function

Objectives To assess the usefulness of free-angle M-mode echocardiography in measuring left ventricular (LV) dimension and global systolic function. Background The validity of conventional M-mode echocardiography in assessing LV dimension and global systolic function is well known; the incidental angle between the M-mode cursor and true LV minor axis diameter, however is a potential cause of measurement error. Free-angle M-mode echocardiography may overcome the limitation of M-mode cursor arrangement in conventional M-mode echocardiography. Methods Thirteen normal volunteers and 10 patients in whom abnormal left ventricular wall motion was not detected by echocardiography (mean age, 53±17 years) were enrolled in this study. Conventional and free-angle M-mode echocardiographic images of the LV were obtained by echocardiography (ALOKA SSD-5500) using a 2.5-MHz transducer, and the LV end-diastolic (LVDd) and end-systolic (LVDs) dimensions were measured by the leading edge method. LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were calculated using a formula by Teichholz, and the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was obtained. Data from conventional M-mode echocardiography and free-angle M-mode echocardiography were then compared. Results Measurements obtained with conventional M-mode and free-angle M-mode echocaardiography were strongly correlated. Correlation coefficients for LVDd, LVDs, and LVEF were 0.98, 0.98, and 0.96, respectively (p<0.001 in each case). Conclusions Assessment of left ventricular dimension, and global systolic function with free-angle M-mode can be as accurate as conventional M-mode in subjects in whom left ventricular wall motion abnormality is not detectable by echocardiogram. Moreover, when there is improper M-mode cursor direction in conventional echocardiography, free-angle M-mode echocardiography can assess global left ventricular systolic function more accurately and conveniently than conventional M-mode echocardiography.     

Left ventricular ejection fraction measurements: accuracy and prognostic implications in a large population of patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease

We sought to compare the reliability and prognostic implications of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) measurements obtained in routine clinical practice. We retrospectively selected from our clinical database a group of 422 patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease, studied by two-dimensional echocardiography, gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and left ventriculography (LVG) for clinical purposes. In each diagnostic procedure LVEF was measured as done routinely. The LVEF values obtained by the three methods were similar and closely related. The correlation coefficient r was equal to 0.83 between echocardiographic and LVG, to 0.75 between gated SPECT and LVG and to 0.81 between echocardiographic and SPECT. During follow-up (median 41 months), 31 patients died. The values of LVEF obtained by echocardiography, gated-SPECT and LVG were all powerful predictors of all-cause mortality: chi(2) = 12.3 for echocardiography, 14.4 for gated SPECT and 14.5 for LVG. However, including LVEF values into a model based on patient age, sex, history of angina, evidence of previous infarction and number of stenotic coronary arteries, the ability to predict patient survival significantly increased only including LVEF values measured by gated SPECT (chi(2) = 40.6, P = 0.039). Thus, in a large cohort of unselected patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease, the values of LVEF routinely measured by echocardiography, gated SPECT and LVG were closely correlated, and provided a powerful prognostic information, that was incremental to clinical variables for gated SPECT.     

解剖M型超声技术检测左心室室壁运动的准确性

目的评价解剖M型超声技术检测左室壁运动的准确性。方法两个月内两次测量30例行冠状动脉造影患者的左室短轴二尖瓣水平观和乳头肌水平观的6个节段以及心尖四腔观的4个节段的室壁收缩快速射血期最大厚度、舒张期末厚度和收缩期增厚率。结果两次测量结果显示,左室壁所有各节段的收缩快速射血期最大厚度、舒张期末厚度和室壁收缩期增厚率的平均值均没有显著统计学差异(p>0.05)。结论解剖M型超声技术测定左室壁各节段的收缩期增厚率等指标时有较好的可重复性,因此有可能用于准确定量分析左室壁节段性运动。     

ECToolbox软件计算左心室射血分数的适用性

目的 评价ECToolbox软件中R0、R1、R2公式计算门控心肌灌注显像左心室射血分数(LVEF)的适用性.方法 64例患者[冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)44例;高血压病20例]接受静息态门控心肌灌注显像(~(99m)Tc-MIBI)和平衡法门控心血池显像(~(99m)Tc-RBC),用ECToolbox软件中的R0、R1、R2公式分别计算LVEF,称为R0 LVEF、R1 LVEF、R2 LVEF.将三种公式的计算结果与平衡法门控心血池显像计算结果对比分析.结果 R0、R1、R2公式LVEF值与门控心血池显像LVEF值均有相关性(r=0.905、0.905、0.903,P均<0.05);χ~2检验三种公式LVEF值落入门控心血池显像LVEF值±15%准确率分别为54.30%、71.40%、22.90%,±30%的准确率为81.40%、88.60%、74.30%;Wilcoxon配对检验结果示R1公式计算结果与门控心血池显像计算结果差异无统计学意义,R0、R2公式计算结果与门控心血池显像计算结果差异有统计学意义.结论 门控心肌灌注显像用ECToolbox软件计算CHD和高血压患者的LVEF时,R1公式最为适用.     

Anatomical M-mode: A novel technique for the quantitative evaluation of regional wall motion analysis during dobutamine echocardiography

Recognition of abnormal wall motion during dobutamine echocardiography requires an expert observer. Anatomical M-mode echocardiography may offer a novel quantitative approach to interpretation, amenable to less expert readers. We studied the application of this new modality to 124 patients (80 with known coronary anatomy and 44 patients at low probability of coronary disease) who underwent dobutamine echocardiography, using a standard protocol. Wall motion was interpreted by an experienced reader, using digitally stored 2-dimensional echocardiographic images at rest and peak stress. Percentage of systolic thickening was measured offline using anatomical M-mode echocardiography in the basal and mid segments at rest and peak dose, and compared with wall motion scores and coronary angiography. Of 729 segments, wall motion was identified as normal in 449, ischemic or viable in 171 and showed resting WM abnormalities only in 109 segments. After exclusion of the apex, anatomical M-mode measurements were feasible in 729 of 960 possible basal- and mid-zone segments (76%). Measurement of systolic thickening at peak dose was reproducible within (r ² = 0.83) and between observers (r ² = 0.93). Systolic thickening was significantly greater in segments with normal wall motion (37 ± 2%) compared with ischemic or viable segments (30 ± 2%, p < 0.001), and scar segments (23 ± 3%, p < 0.001). There was an increment of thickening from rest to stress in normal and viable segments, no change in scar, and a decrement in ischemic segments. Significant coronary artery disease (defined by stenoses >70% diameter) was present in 59 patients. Systolic thickening showed significant variation between segments interpreted by wall motion scoring and angiography as true and false positive and true and false negative (p < 0.05). Measurement of systolic thickening using anatomical M-mode echocardiography offers an objective method to quantify systolic thickening at dobutamine echocardiography but has limited clinical feasibility.     

门控心肌显像测定左心室射血分数——一种测量方法的应用评价

目的 评价门控心肌灌注显像测量ET值的方法。方法 采用门控心肌灌注显像测量EF值的方法进行模型研究及对12例病人检查测量EF值并与平均法心血池显像测量值进行对比。结果 对模型的测量发采用butterworth滤波函数陡度因子为5,截止频率为0．5时,软件测定值最接近真实值。软件测定值与模拟体积真实值相关性很好（r=0.98)。对病人的研究显示,采用该方法测量左室EF值与心血池测量值有较高的相关性（r=0.93),且重复性良好（CV（5％）。结论 采用门控心肌灌注显像可准确对左心室EF值进行测定,提高了心肌灌注断层显像的临床检查价值。     

Evaluation of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction by automated gated myocardial SPECT versus cardiovascular magnetic resonance

BACKGROUND: Electrocardiogram-gated myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin allows simultaneous evaluation of myocardial perfusion and function. In this study, left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular wall volume (LVWV) derived from gated SPECT were compared with measurements from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), performed within a few hours. METHODS: The study population included 55 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease, including 13 patients with recent acute myocardial infarction. End-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic (ESV) volumes, LVEF and LVWV were derived automatically from gated SPECT using commercially available software (QGS). In the CMR studies, manually delineated endocardial and epicardial borders on short-axis slices were used to calculate the volumes. RESULTS: Gated SPECT underestimated EDV by 35 +/- 14 ml (mean +/- SD) (P < 0.001), ESV by 10 +/- 13 ml (P < 0.001), and LVEF by 4 +/- 7 percentage points (P < 0.001). There were no systematic difference in EDV, ESV or LVEF between the methods. SPECT underestimated LVWV by 49 +/- 30 ml (P < 0.001), with a trend towards increasing underestimation by SPECT for larger wall volumes. CONCLUSION: These findings show that gated SPECT slightly underestimates EDV, ESV and LVEF compared with CMR. This underestimation is systematic, however, indicating that ventricular volumes derived from gated SPECT are robust enough to guide clinical management. Estimates of LVWV in patients with large wall volumes are less accurate.     

实时三维超声心动图评价正常人左室射血分数的初步研究

目的　探讨实时三维超声心动图评价正常人左室射血分数的可行性和价值。方法　应用实时三维超声心动图与常规M型超声心动图测量 2 4例正常志愿者的左室射血分数 ,比较两种测量方法一致性和相关性。结果　所有志愿者均可获得满意实时三维与M型超声图像 ;两种方法所得测值之间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,并具有良好相关性 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　实时三维超声心动图评价正常人左室射血分数是准确和可性行的     

Comparison of radionuclide angiography with three echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular function in patients after myocardial infarction

Aims. Left ventricular function is an important outcome measure in patients with coronary artery disease, in particular in patients after myocardial infarction. It is reliably assessed by radionuclide angiography, but echocardiographic wall motion scoring might be an attractive alternative. Methods. Four days after reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction both radionuclide angiography and echocardiography were performed in 90 patients. Segmental wall motion scoring (WMSI) and visual estimation of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was done by 2 independent observers. Repeated analysis was performed 1 month after the first reading. In 41 patients the LVEF was assessed quantitatively by tracing of endocardial outlines of the left ventricle. Results. Both correlation with radionuclide angiography (estimated LVEF: r = 0.71, WMSI: r = ? 0.68, Tracing: r = 0.59) and inter- and intra-observer variability (estimated LVEF: 19% and 15%, WMSI: 65% and 59%) were in favour of the LVEF estimation method. Correlation with radionuclide angiography measurements was related to the quality of the echocardiogram and to the extent of coronary artery disease. Conclusion. Simple echocardiographic estimation of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients after reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction proved to be superior to quantitative assessment of ejection fraction and to segmental wall motion scoring in comparison with radionuclide angiography.     

应用组织追踪法评价犬左室收缩功能的研究

目的应用超声心动图组织追踪法观察左室收缩功能改变对犬二尖瓣瓣环收缩期位移的影响.方法选用11只健康杂种犬,分别在基础状态时、静脉注射多巴酚丁胺后、静脉注射心得安后以及结扎冠状动脉左前降支,发生急性心肌缺血后,用组织追踪法在心尖四腔心切面、两腔心切面及心尖长轴切面测量二尖瓣瓣环6个不同位置的收缩期位移(DS);用M型超声心动图测量二尖瓣瓣环收缩期下移距离(DM);用超声心动图Simpson法测定左室射血分数(LVEF).结果在改变犬心肌整体收缩功能的过程中,用组织追踪法测量的二尖瓣瓣环6个不同位置的收缩期平均位移与用M型超声心动图测量的二尖瓣瓣环收缩期平均下移距离显著相关(r=0.94, P＜0.001);同时,二尖瓣瓣环收缩期平均DS与用超声心动图Simpson法测定的LVEF显著相关(r=0.92, P＜0.001);发生急性心肌缺血时,用组织追踪法测量的二尖瓣瓣环6个不同位置的收缩期平均位移与用超声心动图Simpson法测定的LVEF也呈显著相关(r=0.78, P＜0.001),但相关性相对较低.结论超声心动图组织追踪法测量二尖瓣瓣环收缩期位移可快速、直观、无创性地定量评价左室收缩功能.     

Mitral annulus motion compared with wall motion scoring index in the assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction.

The biplane disc summation method is the recommended echocardiographic procedure to determine left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). Assessment of mitral annulus motion (MAM) or wall motion scoring index (WMI) has been reported to be less dependent on image quality compared with the recommended method, and proposed as a surrogate to the disc summation method in calculation of LVEF. We aimed to compare MAM and WMI in the echocardiographic assessment of LVEF. In a randomly selected population-based sample of 75-year-old men and women in sinus rhythm (n = 409) MAM, as measured by M-mode, was compared with WMI, calculated as the mean value of wall motion scoring in 9 LV segments. LVEF, as measured by the biplane disc summation method was used as reference. The limits of agreement (mean difference +/- 1.96 SD) between LVEF and corresponding MAM values were -18 to +13 LVEF%, and between LVEF and corresponding WMI values were -12 to +13 LVEF%. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for MAM and WMI to predict a LVEF < 50% were 0.892 and 0.998, respectively (95% confidence interval of the difference 0.062-0.149). The corresponding areas for MAM and WMI to predict a LVEF < 40% were 0.955 and 0.998, respectively (95% confidence interval of the difference 0.017-0.069). In conclusion, the ability of WMI to estimate LVEF was more favorable than MAM in this population-based sample of 75-year-old participants. The findings suggest that the WMI is preferable to MAM in estimating LVEF.     

门控心肌断层显像对CABG术后左室功能的评价

目的通过门控心肌断层显像测定冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)术后整体及局部心功能参数的改变,比较室壁运动(WM)、室壁收缩增厚率(WT)对于评价CABG术后局部心功能的作用.方法 40名冠心病患者(男30名,女10名)于CABG术前及术后3～5周行静息 99Tcm-MIBI门控心肌断层显像,采用QGSPECT专用软件程序定量分析整体及局部心室功能结果 CABG术后左室射血分数(LVEF)轻度提高[从(47.2±14.0)%到(50.8±15.1)%,t= -3.73,P<0.05],而舒张末容积(EDV)及收缩末容积(ESV)明显减低[分别为从(133.7±59.7) ml到(105.0±54.4) ml,t=5.82,P<0. 01及从(77.0±54.0) ml到(58.1±44.3) ml, t=5.16,P<0.01].术前术后LVEF改变值和整体WM改变值(r=0.75;P<0.01)、LVEF改变值和整体WT改变值(r=0.79;P<0.01)有良好的相关性.术后心肌血流灌注值(示踪剂相对摄取值)在前壁、间隔、下壁提高,而术后WM值在间隔运动减低,侧壁运动提高,WT值在间隔无减低、在前侧壁无提高 .间隔WT值与局部心肌血流灌注值的相关性(r=0.73)高于WM与局部心肌血流灌注值的相关性(r=0.24). 结论 CABG术后通过门控心肌断层显像得到的WM分析低估了间隔室壁运动、高估了侧壁运动.WT值与心肌血流灌注值不论术前还是术后均有较好的相关性.所以WT可能更适合用来评价CABG术后心功能.     

Quantification of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction from gated 99mTc‐MIBI SPECT: MRI validation of the exini heart software package

The aim of the study was to validate the accuracy of the exini heart software (exini ) package in assessing left ventricular end‐diastolic/systolic volumes (EDV, ESV) and ejection fraction (LVEF) from gated ^99mTc‐MIBI single‐photon emission tomography (SPECT). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) was used as reference. Furthermore, effects of perfusion defects and image quality in SPECT on correlation between gated SPECT and magnetic resonance imaging were investigated. Methods: Seventy patients were examined using gated SPECT (rest study, eight gates per cardiac cycle). EDV, ESV and LVEF were calculated from gated SPECT using exini . Directly before or after SPECT, cMRI (20 gates cardiac per cycle) was performed. EDV, ESV and LVEF were calculated using Simpson’s rule. Perfusion defects were quantified using the summed‐rest‐score (SRS). Total number of myocardial counts were used to rate image quality. Results: Correlation between results of gated SPECT and cMRI was high for EDV (R = 0·89) and ESV (R = 0·94) and good for LVEF (R = 0·78). ESV (exini 54 ± 31 ml versus cMRI 57 ± 34 ml) and LVEF (exini 62·9 ± 11·7% versus cMRI 60·6 ± 13·9%) did not differ significantly whereas exini overestimated EDV significantly compared with cMRI (exini 144 ± 41 ml versus cMRI 137 ± 36 ml; P<0·005). No correlation was found between absolute differences of the results given by gated SPECT and cMRI and SRS or total myocardial counts (R < 0·18). Conclusion: End‐diastolic volume, ESV and LVEF calculated from gated SPECT using exini agree with cMRI over a wide range of values. Correlation between both the methods was good for EDV and ESV, and acceptable for LVEF. No relevant influence of image quality or SRS on the accuracy of exini results was found.     

定量组织速度成像和组织追踪法对扩张型心肌病左室功能的分析

目的 探讨定量组织速度成像（QTVI）和组织追踪法（TT）对扩张型心肌病（DCM）患左室收缩和舒张功能的价值。方法 获取标准心尖位左室长轴切面，两腔切面及四项切面，分别应用QTVI和TT技术分析30例正常人和20例DCM患左室长轴方向不同室壁节段即左室前壁、后壁、侧壁、下壁、前间隔和后间隔的心肌多普勒速度曲线和位移曲线；用M-型超声心动图测量收缩期二尖瓣环下移距离（Don）；用二维超声心动图测量左室射血分数（LVEF）：用多普勒超声心动图测量二尖瓣口血流快速充盈速度E峰、左房收缩充盈速度A峰，计算E/A值。结果 DCM患左室不同室壁节段Vs，Ve，Va和Ds以及LVEF均比正常人显减低。在DCM患中，用定量组织速度成像和组织追踪法测量的二尖瓣环水平Ds与用M-型超声心动图测量的Dm显相关（r=0.64，P=0.005），二尖瓣环水平的平均Vs(r=0.73，P=0.001）、平均Ds(r=0.64,P=0.005）与LVEF分别显相关。正常人与DCM患两组间E/A值无显统计学差异，而DCM患二尖瓣环平均Ve/Va较正常人显减低；正常人中二尖瓣环平均Ve/Va与E/A显相关（r=0.63,P=0.008)，而DCM患二尖瓣环平均Va与E/A无显相关。结论 定量组织速度成像和组织追踪法技术可快速、直观、元创性定量评价扩张型心肌病患左心室收缩舒张功能。     

实时三维超声心动图容积-时间曲线定量评价陈旧性心肌梗死患者左室舒缩功能及室壁运动的同步性

目的利用实时三维超声心动图容积-时间曲线,评价陈旧性心肌梗死患者左室整体收缩与舒张功能及室壁运动同步性的变化。方法陈旧性心肌梗死患者30例,正常对照组25例,全容积采集图像,进行容积-时间曲线分析,记录左室舒张末容积（EDV）、左室收缩末容积（ESV）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室最大射血速率（PER）、左室最大充盈速率（PFR）;左室16节段达到最小收缩容积时间的标准差值和最大差值被标准化为心动周期的百分比（Tmsv16-SD％、Tmsv16-Dif％）。结果与正常对照组比较,心肌梗死组EDV、ESV、Tmsv16-SD％、Tmsv16-Dif％均显著增高（P〈0．05）;LVEF、PER／EDV、PFR／EDV显著降低（P〈0．05）;PER／EDV、PFR／EDV与LVEF均呈显著正相关,PER／EDV与PFR／EDV之间也呈显著正相关,LVEF与Tmsv16-SD％、Tmsv16-Dif％均呈显著负相关。结论实时三维超声心动图容积-时间曲线参数可以准确、客观地评估陈旧性心肌梗死患者左室收缩与舒张功能以及室壁运动同步性。     

解剖M型超声心动图评价介入栓塞法猪急性心肌梗死模型左心结构与局部功能

目的 应用解剖M型超声心动图(AME)对猪急性心肌梗死(AMI) 模型左心室结构、局部功能进行评价.方法 采用经冠状动脉丝线堵塞法制作小型猪AMI动物模型.于术前、术后1 d检测并计算左心室16节段室壁收缩末期厚度(Ts)、舒张末期厚度(Td)、室壁收缩期增厚率(△T%)及运动幅度(Am),左心室收缩与舒张末期内径(L...     

Volume measurements in nuclear medicine gated SPECT and 4D echocardiography: validation using a dynamic cardiac phantom

Purpose: A dynamic cardiac phantom was used as a reference to compare volumes measured with gated SPECT and 4D echocardiography. Material and Methods: Gated SPECT data were acquired with a standard single-head gamma camera, and the volume reconstructions were carried out using the Mirage software by Segami. 4D echocardiography used a new prototype of rotating scan head to acquire ultrasound images during a cardiac cycle, used to reconstruct the volume deformations as a function of time. End-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction were measured using both gated SPECT and 4D echocardiography. Results: The results obtained showed a good correlation between volumes measured with the two modalities, but a slight overestimation of volumes with gated SPECT. The influence of filtering and pixel size parameters on the measured volumes was quantified for gated SPECT, in order to correct the overestimation. Conclusion: The agreement between gated SPECT (after correction) and 4D echocardiography confirmed the relevance of the comparisons. This study was an initial step before conducting clinical trials to compare exhaustively left ventricular volumes obtained with the two modalities.