Three-dimensional reconstruction of brain capillaries from frozen serial sections.

Based on frozen serial sections and microphotographs, the present study describes a three-dimensional reconstruction of the alkaline-phosphatase positive capillary network in the cat's cerebral cortex. This model clearly demonstrates a continuous increase of the volumetric capillary density towards the deeper cortical layers. Results of a morphometric investigation subsequently performed on photographed capillaries and obtained from a relatively small tissue sample fit well with the data from the whole temporo-parietal cortex region. The correspondence between the two data sets reflects specific morphometric characteristics of the capillary net in the cortex of the temporo-parietal Suprasylvian Gyrus. The information obtained from the three-dimensional capillary model represents a basic tool for additional computer-assisted steric reconstruction of the capillary network in the cerebral cortex.     

Three-dimensional vectorcardiography (3-D VCG) by computer graphics in old myocardial infarction

By using computer graphics we rotated the vector loop and three coordinate axes to find the viewpoint where the infarctional changes are maximally exposed and demonstrated the advantage of the "3-D VCG" over the conventional VCG by defining the quantitative "MI index." The orthogonal electrocardiogram recorded by the Frank lead system was digitally measured and processed by a microcomputer. The loops and axes were rotated about the X axis (X-rot) and the Y axis (Y-rot). The spatial vector loop and orthogonal coordinates can be presented as viewed from any spheric direction. Eight quadrants were illustrated with four colors and red circles. The subjects consisted of 30 patients with old anterior myocardial infarction (MI) and 15 patients with old inferior MI. We measured the area of "Bite" in anterior MI and superior displacement in inferior MI. The MI index was defined and averaged in 361 directions. In anterior MI, the maximum mean index was obtained when X-rot is +90 degrees and Y-rot -40 degrees, viewed from upward and leftward, whereas in inferior MI it was obtained when X-rot is -50 degrees and Y-rot -80 degrees, viewed from downward and leftward. These values were significantly higher than those in conventional VCG projections, substantiating superior diagnostic sensitivity of 3-D VCG.     

子胞蚴连同钉螺组织切片间接免疫酶染法诊断...

Schistosoma japonicum daughter sporocysts in Oncomelania tissue sections were, for the first time, used as antigen in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica by indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IIPA-DS). The most strong peroxidase reaction was localized on the tegument of the daughter sporocysts and cercariae, and at some parts of cercarial parenchyma, when IIPA-DS was carried out. Of 112 sera from proven cases of schistosomiasis japonica, 106 (94.6%) were positive, the range of titre dilution was from 1:1 to 1:160, the geometric mean of titres was 1:20. IIPA-DS highly coincided with IHA, COP and ELISA in both sensitivity and strength of reaction. Sera from 101 blood donors and 24 normal rabbits were all negative. No cross reaction with sera from 24 patients with paragonimiasis was observed.     

Familial risk for soft tissue tumors: a nation-wide epidemiological study from Sweden

Purpose Reliable data on familial risks are important for clinical counseling and cancer genetics. However, population-based studies on familial soft tissue tumors are limited, which we will examine. Methods Adjusted standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), calculated from the nation-wide Swedish Family Cancer Database, were used to measure the familial risk. Results There were 17 offspring-parent pairs with concordant soft tissue tumuors, the SIR was increased but not significant. Offspring soft tissue tumors were associated with paternal prostate and endocrine gland tumors and Hodgkin’s disease. Offspring myxosarcoma was associated with paternal endocrine gland tumors. Offspring fibrosarcoma was associated with parental stomach cancer and liposarcoma was associated with parental bladder cancer and maternal breast cancer. Leiomyosarcoma was associated with maternal breast cancer. The associations of myxosarcoma with melanoma and liposarcoma with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma were noted among siblings. Conclusions The present study showed that familial clustering of soft tissue tumors was limited to specific subtypes. Because of multiple comparisons, some of observed associations may be negative. Aggregation of melanoma and myxosarcoma among siblings may suggest Werner syndrome. A very small proportion of soft tissue sarcomas may be explained by Li–Fraumeni syndrome. Other novel associations, such as offspring liposarcoma with parental bladder cancer, and liposarcoma and non-Hodgkin’s lyhphoma among siblings, may be related to other unidentified familial diseases.     

椎动脉三维重建成像的解剖学研究

目的 为椎动脉毗邻区域手术提供相关解剖学数据支持,研究椎动脉各段的解剖学特征。方法 重建60例体检者椎动脉的三维图像,对其起源走形、长度、分支、汇入等解剖特征进行描记。结果 椎动脉起源较稳定,但仍存在变异;椎动脉前段变异相对较大,后段走形较为稳定。结论 椎动脉走形变异较大,在进行该区域操作时,先行椎动脉三维重建明确椎动脉变异情况有利于椎动脉的保护。     

Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for abdominal wall metastatic tumors: a preliminary study

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided microwave (MW) ablation for abdominal wall metastatic tumors.METHODS: From August 2007 to December 2010, a total of 11 patients with 23 abdominal wall nodules (diameter 2.59 cm ± 1.11 cm, range 1.3 cm to 5.0 cm) were treated with MW ablation. One antenna was inserted into the center of tumors less than 1.7 cm, and multiple antennae were inserted simultaneously into tumors 1.7 cm or larger. A 21 gauge thermocouple was inserted near important organs which required protection (such as bowel or gallbladder) for real-time temperature monitoring during MW ablation. Treatment outcome was observed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [or computed tomography (CT)] during follow-up.RESULTS: MW ablation was well tolerated by all patients. Six patients with 11 nodules had 1 thermocouple inserted near important organs for real-time temperature monitoring and the maximum temperature was 56 °C. Major complications included mild pain (54.5%), post-ablation fever (100%) and abdominal wall edema (25%). All 23 tumors (100%) in this group were completely ablated, and no residual tumor or local recurrence was observed at a median follow-up of 13 mo (range 1 to 32 mo). The ablation zone was well defined on contrast-enhanced imaging (contrast-enhanced CT, MRI and/or contrast-enhanced ultrasound) and gradually shrank with time.CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided MW ablation may be a feasible, safe and effective treatment for abdominal wall metastatic tumors in selected patients.     

Three-dimensional reconstruction of tumor microvasculature: simultaneous visualization of multiple components in paraffin-embedded tissue

Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of microscopic structures may provide useful information about the exact 3D configuration, and offers a useful tool to examine the spatial relationship between different components in tissues. A promising field for 3D investigation is the microvascular architecture in normal and pathological tissue, especially because pathological angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis formation. This paper describes an improved method for 3D reconstruction of microvessels and other microscopic structures in transmitted light microscopy. Serial tissue sections were stained for the endothelial marker CD34 to highlight microvessels and corresponding images were selected and aligned. Alignment of stored images was further improved by automated non-rigid image registration, and automated segmentation of microvessels was performed. Using this technique, 3D reconstructions were produced of the vasculature of the normal brain. Also, to illustrate the complexity of tumor vasculature, 3D reconstructions of two brain tumors were performed: a hemangioblastoma and a glioblastoma multiforme. The possibility of multiple component visualization was shown in a 3D reconstruction of endothelium and pericytes of normal cerebellar cortex and a hemangioblastoma using alternate staining for CD34 and alpha-smooth muscle actin in serial sections, and of a GBM using immunohistochemical double staining. In conclusion, the described 3D reconstruction procedure provides a promising tool for simultaneous visualization of microscopic structures.     

Three-dimensional reconstruction of tumor microvasculature: Simultaneous visualization of multiple components in paraffin-embedded tissue

Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of microscopic structures may provide useful information about the exact 3D configuration, and offers a useful tool to examine the spatial relationship between different components in tissues. A promising field for 3D investigation is the microvascular architecture in normal and pathological tissue, especially because pathological angiogenesis plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis formation. This paper describes an improved method for 3D reconstruction of microvessels and other microscopic structures in transmitted light microscopy. Serial tissue sections were stained for the endothelial marker CD34 to highlight microvessels and corresponding images were selected and aligned. Alignment of stored images was further improved by automated non-rigid image registration, and automated segmentation of microvessels was performed. Using this technique, 3D reconstructions were produced of the vasculature of the normal brain. Also, to illustrate the complexity of tumor vasculature, 3D reconstructions of two brain tumors were performed: a hemangioblastoma and a glioblastoma multiforme. The possibility of multiple component visualization was shown in a 3D reconstruction of endothelium and pericytes of normal cerebellar cortex and a hemangioblastoma using alternate staining for CD34 and α-smooth muscle actin in serial sections, and of a GBM using immunohistochemical double staining. In conclusion, the described 3D reconstruction procedure provides a promising tool for simultaneous visualization of microscopic structures.     

Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy for solitary metastatic liver tumors from colorectal cancer: a pilot clinical study

OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) was performed for metachronous small solitary liver tumors measuring < or = 3.0 cm in diameter that had metastasized from colorectal cancer. PMCT was used for local control of the lesions, and the efficacy of this treatment was assessed. METHODS: In 15 patients, a microwave electrode (specially designed for this purpose, 25 cm long and 2.0 mm thick) was inserted percutaneously into the tumor area under ultrasonic guidance. Microwaves at 80 watts were used to irradiate the tumor and the surrounding area. RESULTS: Thirteen of the 15 metastatic tumors were radically ablated by 3-10 applications of microwave irradiation. Although the follow-up period was short (9-37 months), 10 patients survived. No recurrence has been detected in the treated area (except two foci where PMCT was insufficient), and no serious side effects or complications were encountered during or after the PMCT. In four of the five nonsurviving patients, death was due to metastases to the bone, brain, lung, or other areas of the liver despite complete local tumor control by PMCT. CONCLUSION: PMCT is a safe and effective treatment for metachronous small liver tumors that have metastasized from colorectal cancer.     

一种肝组织切片胶原定量分析法的实验性研究

目的　探讨肝纤维化组织切片上胶原测定方法。方法　用二甲基亚硝氨（ＤＭＮ） 诱导ＳＤ大鼠肝纤维化模型,常规肝组织切片,ＨＥ、Ｍａｓｓｏｎ 三色和苦味酸天狼红染色,苦味酸固绿天狼红染色比色测定及羟脯氨酸（Ｈｙｐ）含量测定。结果　对照组和肝纤维化明显组每张切片胶原含量分别为０．２３μｇ和１．０μｇ,非胶原蛋白含量分别为０．０６１ｍｇ 和０ ．０７１ｍｇ;切片胶原测定分别为３７ ．２３μｇ／ｍｇ·ｐｒｏ 和１２３．７μｇ／ｍｇ·ｐｒｏ;切片胶原与肝纤维化程度变化相一致,与肝组织Ｈｙｐ 含量具有良好的相关性,ｒ 均为０．９４ ,Ｐ＜０ ．０１ 。结论　切片胶原测定是一种简便、准确、可靠的肝纤维化程度的量化诊断方法。     

Treadmill exercise echocardiography: quantitative analysis of regional left ventricular wall motion by computer graphics

To detect significant coronary lesions based on exercise-induced reversible asynergy, two-dimensional echocardiograms were recorded before and immediately after treadmill exercise test in 15 patients with angina pectoris (AP) and six patients with neurocirculatory asthenia (NCA). Short-axis views of the left ventricle were analyzed quantitatively, using the following indices: segmental area change (%A); segmental wall thickness change (%Th); and relative curvature (rC) which was the product of curvature of each segment multiplied by end-diastolic circumference. The results were compared with those of coronary angiography, T1-201 myocardial emission computed tomography, and exercise electrocardiography. 1. The results of comparisons of quantitative analysis by %A, %Th, and rC with qualitative (visual) analysis were as follows: the sensitivities were 57%, 74% and 91%; the specificities were 75%, 75% and 90%; and the accuracies were 68%, 75% and 90%, respectively. 2. To detect coronary stenosis of more than 75%, visual assessments and assessments by rC were superior to assessments by %Th or %A. The accuracies were 93%, 91%, 73% and 61%, respectively. 3. In five cases with three-vessel disease, all diseased coronary arteries were detected by treadmill exercise echocardiography using rC as an index. However, by treadmill exercise T1-201 myocardial emission computed tomography, the diagnosis of three-vessel disease was possible in only one case. 4. The results of treadmill exercise electrocardiography were positive in 11 of 15 the AP patients and in all six NCA patients. The results of exercise echocardiography using rC as an index were normal in all NCA patients and abnormal in 14 of the 15 AP patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

基于组织切片的骨小梁空间结构的计算机三维重建

目的 介绍一种新的获取松质骨小梁结构的三维图形的方法.方法 对松质骨样本进行硝酸银染色和白色聚酯包埋,逐层连续断面切除,利用数码相机连续进行图像采集,获取清晰的骨小梁结构的二维图像,随后,利用计算机软件进行三维重建,得到松质骨小梁空间结构的计算机三维图形,并对这种方法的准确性进行评估.结果 本方法可以获得清晰的骨小梁三维结构图;根据三维图形计算所得的骨体积分数为18.6%±5.2%,与传统的Archimedes方法测量值17.8%±6.3%无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 在骨小梁结构体系的研究中,利用实验室的现有设备,采用本方法可以简单有效地获得松质骨小梁结构的三维图形.     

作者单位： 115000 辽宁省营口市 营口市妇产儿童医院 妇产科(倪伟、戴晓光)；吉林大学第一医院 影像科(王强)；江苏省南通市 南通市第一人民医院(丁匀浚毓)

目的 研究三维重建子宫动脉的起源、走行、变异情况。方法 选取2014年1月至2014年12月间就诊于吉林大学白求恩医学院第一医院的患者54例女性患者,重建其椎动脉的三维图像,对其起源对子宫动脉的起源、走行、变异情况等解剖特征进行描记。结果 子宫动脉起源的四种分型中,以I型及II型最为常见,子宫动脉的管径约为3mm。结论 I型II型子宫动脉起源最为常见,但在妇科介入治疗中仍应注意特殊起源的子宫动脉。     

Familial risk of tumors associated with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer: a Swedish population-based study

BACKGROUND: Familial clustering, which may be due to inherited predisposition, is seen in several common cancer types. The aim of this study was to assess the familial risk of tumors that are associated with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), a familial cancer syndrome that confers an increased risk of several cancer types, and is associated with a low age at onset. METHODS: The National Swedish Cancer Registry and population registers were utilized to identify all tumors among the offspring of individuals who had developed any of the diagnoses included in the Amsterdam II criteria for HNPCC. In all, 204,358 offspring of 102,814 individuals with cancer of the colorectum, endometrium, upper urinary tract or small intestine were identified. RESULTS: Significantly increased risks for several tumor types were demonstrated. If the parent was below age 50 at diagnosis, the offspring Standard Incidence Ratios (SIRs) were 3.6 for colon cancer, 3.8 for rectal cancer, 2.8 for gastric cancer, and 2.3 for ovarian cancer. Offspring who had both a parent and a sibling with HNPCC-associated cancer showed even higher SIRs for cancer of the colorectum, endometrium, ovary, and urinary tract. The highest values were observed in the subgroup whose parent had developed multiple primary tumors; SIR 34.0 for colon cancer, 17.9 for rectal cancer, 21.8 for endometrial cancer, and 5.8 for ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that there is an increased risk for several tumor types among individuals whose parents developed HNPCC-associated tumors, where a young age at diagnosis and development of multiple tumors in the parents lead to the highest SIRs.     

Tomographic three-dimensional reconstruction of cilia ultrastructure from thick sections.

We have applied a computer-based tomographic technique to reconstruct the three-dimensional ultrastructure of newt lung cilia. Epon-embedded samples were cut into 0.25-micron-thick sections that were imaged at 1 MV with a high-voltage electron microscope. For the reconstruction shown, a tilt series of 53 micrographs was taken at tilt angles between -54 degrees and +50 degrees. The reconstruction was accomplished from these projections using a weighted back-projection algorithm. The 12-nm resolution of the reconstruction was sufficient to resolve the outer doublet and central pair microtubules, dynein arms, radial spokes, and central sheath structures. The reconstruction can be viewed from various angles and with appropriate parts cut away to reveal structural features of interest. The sense of depth in these views can be enhanced by stereo viewing of shaded surface images. From this reconstruction, we determined that newt lung cilia contain the more common triplet grouping of radial spokes.