激光心肌血运重建术

冠状动脉旁路移植术（ｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙａｒｔｅｒｙｂｙｐａｓｇｒａｆｔ,ＣＡＢＧ）和经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ｐｅｒｃｕｔａｎｅｏｕｓｔｒａｎｓｌｕｍｉｎａｌｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙａｎｇｉｏｐｌａｓｔｙ,ＰＴＣＡ）等已成为治疗冠心病常用而有效的方法。但一些弥漫...     

重新认识激光心肌血运重建术

临床上对于应用激光心肌血运重建术治疗冠心病的方法及其疗效一直存在争议，由于经皮激光技术的被否定．激光心肌血运重建术也遭受质疑。北京安贞医院心外科的屈正教授指出，只要掌握好TMR的适应证，TMR治疗晚期重症冠心病是有效的。     

经皮心肌激光血运重建术四例

常用的心肌血运重建方法有冠状动脉搭桥（ＣＡＢＧ）和经皮冠状动脉腔内成形（ＰＴＣＡ）。为了解决弥漫性／远端血管病变造成的心肌缺血，近年又发展了经胸心肌激光血运重建术（ＴＭＲ），其原理是从心外膜向心内膜以１ｃｍ间距打出直径１ｍｍ的孔道，通过孔道周围毛细血...     

冠心病病人激光心肌血运重建术的护理

激光心肌血运重建术 (TML R)是外科领域治疗缺血性心脏病的新方法。它是通过二氧化碳高能激光穿透缺血部位的左室壁 ,产生直径 1mm的通道 ,使左心室的氧合血直接灌注心肌 ,缓解心绞痛等症状 ,改善心脏功能。 1996年 6月～1998年 10月 ,我院共对 30例冠心病病人行 TML R,现将其围手术期的护理体会报告如下。1　临床资料冠心病病人 30例 ,男 2 6例 ,女 4例 ;年龄 2 6～ 71岁 ,平均 5 5 .2岁。术前心绞痛按加拿大心脏学会 (CCS)分级标准分级 , 级 2 1例 , 级 9例。 18例有心肌梗死病史 ,4例合并糖尿病 ,8例合并高血压。30例均须持续服用扩…     

激光心肌血运重建术研究进展

激光心肌血运重建术 (ｔｒａｎｓｍｙｏｃａｒｄｉａｌｌａｓｅｒｒｅｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｉｚａ ｔｉｏｎ ,ＴＭＲ)是指采用高强度激光在缺血的心肌区域内打数个至数十个贯穿整个心室壁的微孔 ,从而对缺血性心脏病进行治疗。对于弥漫性病变 ,小血管病变、多支血管病变 ,以及支架植入后再狭窄等造成的心绞痛 ,ＴＭＲ是临床医生考虑采取的治疗手段之一。1　发展简史动物学研究表明 ,爬行动物的心肌供血通过其海绵状结构直接来自心室 ,受此启发 ,2 0世纪初即有人开始考虑在哺乳动物的心肌供血上采用类似手段的可能性 ,并着手实验研究。196 5年 ,…     

激光心肌血运重建术治疗不稳定型心绞痛五例

1999年 9月至 2 0 0 0年 11月 ,作者采用激光心肌血运重建术 (ＴＭＬＲ)治疗不稳定型心绞痛患者 5例 ,取得良好的临床效果 ,总结如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　 5例患者年龄 45～ 6 4岁 ,其中男性 4例 ,女性 1例 ,均为不稳定型心绞痛患者 ,心绞痛分级 3～ 4级 ,均有高血压病史 ,其中 1例有氮质血症。心脏超声心动图显示心脏射血分数 (ＥＦ) 4 5 %～ 6 2 % ,心室短轴缩短速率 (ＦＳ) 2 8%～ 30 %。心肌核素扫描 (99ｍＴｉ ＭｉＢｉ)及心电图提示 2例为陈旧性下壁心肌梗死 ,广泛前壁及侧壁心肌缺血 ,其余 3例均为广泛前壁、下壁及侧壁心肌…     

激光打孔心肌血运重建术新进展

激光心肌血运重建术(TMIR)是利用激光在缺血的左心室壁制造多个心肌隧道,以促使心腔内的氧合血经隧道注入心肌内,并通过心肌大量的窦状隙及冠状动脉交通网营养该区域心肌。在60年代用针穿刺左心室壁造成孔道改善心肌缺血的基础上Mirhoseini等在70年代末开始了TMLR的实验研究。80年代围绕TMLR的组织学、生理学、生物物理学等方面的研究报道较多,低功率二氧化碳激光TMLR作为冠脉搭桥(CABG)的辅助方法也开始用于临床。90年代在高功率二氧化碳激光成功地用于人心脏跳动下心肌打孔手术后,TMLR成为单独治疗晚期重症冠心病的另一种新方法。1994年尸检发现了激光孔道长期通畅并内皮化及与周围心肌血窦相沟通的组织学证据。近年来,有关TMLR在(1)促进血管内皮生长方面的实验研究,(2)用磁共振成像(MRI)、单光子发射计算机断层(SPECT)和正电子断层扫描(PET)、心肌造影超声(MCE)等手段进行临床随访,(3)临床开展的心脏搏动条件下CABG结合TMLR,(4)TMLR术式及其适应证的选择等实验与临床应用方面均有很大进展。     

经皮激光心肌血运重建术--概况、争议与展望

冠心病心绞痛是心肌血运供求失衡的常见临床表现。通过内科药物治疗、经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)及冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)三种基本干预手段可使80％的患得到有效治疗。但仍有一小部分患由于冠状动脉弥漫性病变、多支病变、小血管病变、支架内狭窄、慢性完全闭塞等原因，上述治疗方案不能奏效甚或无法实     

经皮激光心肌血运重建术治疗心绞痛的临床疗效观察

【目的】观察经皮激光打孔心肌血运重建术治疗顽固性心绞痛的临床疗效。【方法】应用经皮激光 (HO :YAGlaser)心内膜心肌打孔治疗 2 7例顽固性心绞痛患者 ,以加拿大心绞痛标准分级和Naughton运动试验ST段下移至 1mm所需时间作为激光心肌血运重建术疗效的临床观察指标。【结果】每例打孔 5～ 15个 ,平均 (8± 4)个。打孔前和打孔后 1月、3月、6月按加拿大心绞痛标准分级 ,分别为 (3 5± 0 5 )、(2 2± 0 8)、(2 0± 0 6 )、(2 1± 0 5 )级 ;Naughton运动试验ST段下移至1mm所需时间则分别为 (36 0± 16 0 )s、(4 0 6± 2 6 0 )s、(4 2 0± 2 90 )s、(4 5 0± 312 )s。【结论】经皮激光打孔心肌血运重建术能降低患者心绞痛的严重程度 ,对不能常规施行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)或冠状动脉旁路搭桥术 (CABG)的严重冠心病心绞痛的患者 ,经皮激光心肌血运重建术是一种有效治疗方法。     

Single-center report of 5-year follow-up on 94 patients underwent transmyocardial laser revascularization

Background Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) has been used in the treatment of patients with end-stage coronary artery disease (CAD) since 1990. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of TMLR in patients with diffuse CAD. Methods Ninety-four consecutive patients underwent TMLR in one center from July 1997 to December 2000. The follow-up data of these patients were obtained through face-to-face, mail questionnaires, or telephone interviews in July 2004 and December 2004. Four cases failed to respond. Mean follow-up time was (5.5±1.0) years.Results Mean Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina scores of TMLR patients were 3.1±0.8 at baseline, 1.7±0.9 at 1 year (P<0.05), 1.7±0.9 at 3 years (P<0.05), and 1.9±0.9 at 5 years (P<0.05). At an average of 5 years, 69% of the patients had ≥ 1 angina class reduction, mean NYHA class level (1.9±0.9) ameliorated compared to the baseline (2.5±0.7, P<0.001), the rate of re-hospitalization was 2.7 times/person. Kaplan-Meier survival rate was 87% at 1 year, 69% at 3 years and 64% at 5 years. The causes of death were attributed more to heart failure (58.9%) and myocardial infraction (14.7%) after TMLR. The patients with no angina relief, or who died after TMLR, had a higher percentage of preoperative unstable anginas or prior myocardial infraction compared to the survivors. The assorted shapes of myocardial laser channels were detected in some patients by the color Doppler velocity techniqueConclusions TMLR provided a long-term improvement in the quality of life, including CCS angina class or NYHA heart functional class for about 70% of Chinese patients with severely disabling angina pectoris. The various myocardial laser channels would always be visible after TMLR. 5-years after TMLR as a sole therapy, the survival rate of the patients was 64%.     

益气温阳活血法治疗冠脉血运重建术后再发心绞痛的临床研究

目的观察益气温阳活血法治疗冠脉血运重建术后再发心绞痛的临床疗效。方法将冠心病血运重建后再发心绞痛患者随机分为治疗组、对照组各30例,对照组予常规西药治疗,治疗组在常规西药治疗的基础上加用益气温阳活血的中药治疗,疗程3个月。观察患者临床症状、血脂、冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉CTA等的变化。结果治疗组总有效率为93.33%,对照组为66.67%,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P0.05);治疗组患者胸痛、胸闷、气短、乏力、畏寒肢冷等症状得到明显改善,且优于对照组(P0.05);治疗组心绞痛疗效为90.00%,对照组为63.33%,治疗组优于对照组(P0.05);治疗组胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均较疗前明显改善,且优于对照组(P0.05)。结论益气温阳活血法可改善患者的临床症状和血脂水平,有效缓解冠脉血运重建术后再发心绞痛。     

Redo Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: On-Pump and Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Revascularization Techniques

Objective To analyze the short-term outcomes of redo coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) using on-pump and off-pump CABG techniques. Methods From January 2003 to August 2013, non-randomized 80 patients were treated with redo CABG in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital. Among these patients, 40 underwent on-pump CABG technique(redo-ONCAB group) and 40 underwent off-pump CABG technique(redo-OPCAB group). Furthermore, transmyocardial laser revascularization was performed in high-risk patients who were not suitable to conventional grafting. Clinical data of the two groups were recorded and analyzed including operation time, coronary grafts, incomplete revascularization, postoperative ventilation, perioperative stroke, and low output syndrome, etc. Results There were no significantly differences in age, gender distribution, incidences of hypertension, stroke, and other clinical characteristics between redo-OPCAB group and redo-ONCAB group(all P>0.05), except for incidences of renal dysfunction and pulmonary disease(all P<0.05). The number of grafting vessels in the redo-ONCAB and redo-OPCAB groups was 2.1 ± 0.74 and 1.4 ±0.52 respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups(P=0.0243). Compared with the redo-ONCAB group, there was shorter operation time(P=0.0045), postoperative ventilation(P=0.0211) and intensive care unit stay(P=0.0400), as well as fewer use of platelet(P=0.0338) and blood transfusion(P=0.0034) in the redo-OPCAB group. The incidence of incomplete revascularization(P=0.0253) and the use of transmyocardial laser revascularization(P=0.0052) were higher in the redo-OPCAB group than those in the redo-ONCAB group(all P<0.05). However, no significant differences were showed for the incidence of the use of intra aortic balloon pump and continuous renal replacement therapy, perioperative stroke, low output syndrome, and in-hospital mortality between the two groups(all P>0.05). Conclusion Redo CABG is the safety and efficacy surgical procedure, and redo-OPCAB technique with better outcomes is commended especially in high-risk patients.     

KTP激光心肌血运重建术后血管新生及其机制的研究

目的研究激光心肌血运重建术(TMLR)后血管新生及其可能机制;方法利用KTP激光对急性心肌梗死模型行TMLR,观察2—3月后心肌毛细血管新生、局部生长因子的表达及血管紧张素Ⅱ-醛固酮(AngⅡ、Ald)浓度;结果TMLR组孔道周围心肌微血管计数、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、转化生长(TGFpl)及心脏组织中的AngⅡ、Ald含量大于对照组;且均随时间延长而减少。结论激光心肌血运重建术促进血管新生,与心脏组织中血管生长因子VEGF、TGFp,增多及心脏局部RAAS激活有关。     

Risk or Beneficial Factors Associated with Unplanned Revascularization Risk Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Large Single-Center Data

Objective To analyze factors associated with unplanned revascularization(UR) risk in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 10,640 cases with CAD who underwent PCI were analyzed. Multivariate COX regressions and competing risk regressions were applied.Results The patients who underwent UR following PCI in 30 days, 1, and 2 years accounted for 0.3%,6.5%, and 8.7%, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the number of target lesions [hazard ratio(HR) = 2.320; 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.643–3.277; P 0.001], time of procedure(HR = 1.006; 95%CI: 1.001–1.010; P = 0.014), body mass index(HR = 1.104; 95% CI: 1.006–1.210; P = 0.036), incomplete revascularization(ICR)(HR = 2.476; 95% CI: 1.030–5.952; P = 0.043), and age(HR = 1.037; 95% CI:1.000–1.075; P = 0.048) were determined as independent risk factors of 30-day UR. Factors, including low-molecular-weight heparin or fondaparinux(HR = 0.618; 95% CI: 0.531–0.719; P 0.001), secondgeneration durable polymer drug-eluting stent(HR = 0.713; 95% CI: 0.624–0.814; P 0.001), left anterior descending artery involvement(HR = 0.654; 95% CI: 0.530–0.807; P 0.001), and age(HR = 0.992; 95%CI: 0.985–0.998; P = 0.014), were independently associated with decreased two-year UR risk. While,Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery score(HR =1.024; 95% CI: 1.014–1.033; P 0.001) and ICR(HR = 1.549; 95% CI: 1.290–1.860; P 0.001) were negatively associated with two-year UR risk.Conclusion Specific factors were positively or negatively associated with short-and medium-long-term UR following PCI.     

13例冠状动脉旁路术的临床分析

目的 报告13例冠状动脉旁路术的临床体会。方法 体外循环下手术9例。非体外循环心脏跳动下手术4例,其中3例同期行心肌激光血运重建术,单支病变2例、双支病变3例、三支病变7例、左主干病变1例。平均每例搭桥2.3支。结果 全组无手术死亡,术后心绞痛消失11例,减轻2例。结论 冠状动脉旁路术是安全的手术,非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉旁路术可减少术后输血及并发症,患者术后恢复快。     

化痰祛瘀解毒法治疗冠心病不稳定型心绞痛的临床研究

目的 :观察化痰祛瘀解毒法治疗冠心病不稳定型心绞痛的疗效。方法 :采用自拟通脉解毒汤(瓜蒌、半夏、丹参、三七、黄连、莲子心等 )治疗不稳定型心绞痛 45例 ;对照组 30例服用消心痛。疗程均为 4周。结果治疗组总有效率为 91 .1 1 % ,显效率为 44.44% ;对照组总有效率为70 .0 0 % ,显效率为 2 6.67% ,治疗组疗效优于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。提示 :化痰祛瘀解毒法治疗冠心病不稳定型心绞痛有缓解心绞痛发作、改善心电图的作用。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血浆髓过氧化物酶水平与病变程度的相关性

目的:探讨血浆髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平与急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)冠状动脉病变程度的相关性.方法:81例冠心病患者分为ACS组(54例)及稳定型心绞痛组(SAP组,27例),其中ACS组54例,SAP组27例,30例冠状动脉造影结果正常者为对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血浆MPO水平,冠状动脉造影判定病变血管支数及血管狭窄程度,分析MPO水平与病变程度的相关性.结果:MPO在ACS组中的浓度明显高于SAP组和对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而在SAP组与对照组之间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MPO在单支、双支及三支病变组中明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在单支、双支及三支病变组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);血浆MPO浓度与冠脉病变支数无相关性(r =0.18,P＞0.05),与冠脉狭窄程度呈正相关(r =0.52,P＜0.05).结论:血浆MPO水平与斑块的不稳定性有关,与冠状动脉病变的狭窄程度显著相关.