肺癌中MTS1／p16和p53基因产物的表达与细胞增殖 …

研究肺癌中ＭＴＳ１／Ｐ１６和Ｐ５３基因产物的表达与细胞增殖的关系。方法：应用Ｓ－Ｐ免疫组织化学方法研究６２例肺癌组织中Ｐ１６蛋白和Ｐ５３蛋白折表达情况。并进行增殖细胞核抗原检测，计算细胞增殖指数。结果：６２例肺癌组织中Ｐ１６蛋白和Ｐ５３蛋白阳性率分别为５８．１％和５９．７％。腺癌Ｐ１６ＭＬ     

增殖细胞核抗原和C-Fos蛋白在人胎胃壁组织中的表达

背景：增殖细胞核抗原表达增高可促进细胞DNA合成增加,反映细胞增殖状况。C-Fos与DNA结合可直接调节具有转录活性的转录因子,在胚胎细胞的发育过程中,对细胞的生长、分化及增殖起促进作用。 目的：观察增殖细胞核抗原和C-Fos蛋白在人胎胃组织中的表达。 方法：应用免疫组织化学法和图像分析软件检测第2,3,4三个月龄段,人胎胃组织细胞中PCNA和C-Fos蛋白阳性表达的积分吸光度。 结果与结论：第2~4个月胎龄段,增殖细胞核抗原和C-Fos蛋白在人胎胃壁各层组织细胞均呈阳性表达。随着胎龄的增大,胃壁组织中增殖细胞核抗原蛋白阳性表达先升高再降低,C-Fos蛋白阳性表达则逐渐增高(P < 0.01)。提示增殖细胞核抗原和C-Fos蛋白在人胚胎早期胃组织细胞的生长发育过程中起重要的调节作用。     

动脉粥样硬化模型兔血管平滑肌细胞增殖与癫狂梦醒汤的干预

背景：现代临床研究表明癫狂梦醒汤能够治疗神经官能症、更年期综合征、癔病、老年痴呆等精神系统疾病。 目的：观察癫狂梦醒汤对动脉粥样硬化模型兔血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响。 方法：将32只日本大耳白兔随机分成空白对照组、模型组、癫狂梦醒汤组、辛伐他汀组,分别给予普通饲料、高脂饲料、高脂饲料+癫狂梦醒汤、高脂饲料+辛伐他汀进行干预,喂养至第12周末。 结果与结论：喂养高脂饲料成功建立动脉粥样硬化模型,模型组有严重的动脉粥样硬化病理改变,增殖细胞核抗原、血小板源生长因子B蛋白表达明显升高,平滑肌细胞呈合成型改变;癫狂梦醒汤组及辛伐他汀组动脉粥样硬化病变明显减轻,增殖细胞核抗原、血小板源生长因子B蛋白表达明显下降(P < 0.01),平滑肌细胞接近“收缩型”改变。结果可见癫狂梦醒汤可抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖,延缓动脉粥样硬化发生发展,这一作用可能是通过抑制增殖细胞核抗原、血小板源生长因子B蛋白表达来实现的。     

凋亡相关基因产物Fas抗原及bcl—2蛋白在甲状腺肿瘤组织中？…

目的：了解Ｆａｓ抗原及ｂｃｌ－２蛋白在甲状腺肿瘤组织中表达的意义。方法：用流式细胞技术对１４例乳头状甲状腺癌,１６例甲状腺瘤及３２例结节性甲腺肿组织中Ｆａｓ抗原和ｂｃｌ－２蛋白的表达进行检测。结果：上述３组织中均测到Ｆａｓ抗原和ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达没有统计学差异（Ｆ＝２．７８,Ｐ〉０．０５;Ｆ＝２．５６,Ｐ〉０．０５）。乳头状甲状腺癌组织Ｆａｓ抗原表达与ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达有明显相关性（ｒ＝０．６４６     

纤维瘤病的临床病理和免疫组化分析

目的：探讨纤维瘤病的组织发生和临床病理特征。方法：对１６例手术切除的纤维病标本进行了光镜观察和免疫组织化学ＬＳＡＢ法染色，结果；腹壁及腹壁外的纤维瘤病表达ＡＳＭＡ和Ｓ－１００蛋白，Ｓ－１００蛋白阳性细胞呈散在分布，复发的２例ＰＣＮＡ呈弱阳性，肿瘤的主要成分为肌纤维母细胞，可以见到Ｓ－１００阳性表达。结论：纤维瘤病率来源皇多潜能的间叶细胞。     

PCNA在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达

了解增殖细胞核抗原与膀胱肿瘤的病理分级，复发的关系。方法：选择５０例有访结果的膀胱移行细胞癌石蜡病理切片采用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法进行了ＰＣＮＡ检测，结果：ＰＣＮＡ表达与膀胱移行细胞癌的病理分级关系显著，ＰＣＮＡ增殖指数随肿瘤病理分级的升高而增高。     

S—100蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原在中耳鳞癌中表达的研究

目的：探讨中耳癌组织病理学与免疫组化的关系及中耳癌的组织来源。方法；石蜡包埋标本超薄切片，ABC法检测中耳癌S－100蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原PCNA的表达情况。结果：9例中耳癌标本100％PCNA阳性，6例中耳炎粘膜PCNA阴性，6例正常中耳粘膜中2例（33％）S－100蛋白阳性。结论：PCNA是评估中耳癌细胞增殖活性的可行指标，并可用于肿瘤恶性程度，生长速度和预后的判断。S－100蛋白可能成为判断中耳癌组织来源的一个指标。     

反义Gαq／11亚基ODNs对平滑肌细胞DNA合成和PC蛋白表达的 …

目的：探讨Ｇｑ蛋白介导血管活性多肽对ＶＳＭＣＤＮＡ合成及增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）蛋白表达的影响。方法：用硫代的Ｇαｑ／１１亚基反义寡聚脱氧核苷酸，以６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的浓度加入含１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ刺激无血清ＤＭＥＭ培养基中体外培养ＶＳＭＣ。用＾５Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法测定ＶＳＭＣＤＮＡ合成，免疫细胞化学技术检测ＶＳＭＣＰＣＮＡ蛋白表达。结果：Ｇαｑ／１１ＡＳ－ＯＤＮｓ可明显抑制ＶＳＭＣＤＮＡＲ的合成，在     

网膜和肠系膜胃肠道外间质瘤的临床病理研究

目的 研究网膜和肠系膜胃肠道外间质瘤(EGIST)临床病理和免疫组织化学标记特点,并探讨其组织来源、预后评价及与胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的关系。方法 运用形态学和免疫组织化学(CD117、CD34等)研究19例网膜和肠系膜原诊断为平滑肌肿瘤、许旺瘤的间叶性肿瘤。结果 共诊断14例EGIST,其中网膜6例,肠系膜8例。肿瘤大小3．5～29．0cm(平均12．4cm)。梭形细胞为主型9例,上皮样细胞为主型2例,混合型3例。免疫组织化学阳性表达结果：CD117(14／14)、CD34(8／14)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(6／14)。结蛋白、S-100蛋白均阴性。随访结果：6例网膜EGIST均无瘤生存;7例肠系膜EGIST3例死于肿瘤,1例带瘤生存,3例无瘤生存。结论 EGIST与GIST为同一性质肿瘤,可能共同起源于多分化潜能的间叶干细胞或肿瘤向卡哈尔间质细胞分化。EGIST有独特的行为谱,预后评价不能完全套用GIST的评价指标。     

垂体腺瘤中垂激素与S—100蛋白免疫组化双重染 …

目的：探讨滤泡星状细胞在垂体腺瘤分类中的意义及滤泡星状细胞与内分泌细胞之间的关系。方法：应用免疫组化双重染色方法,对４２例人重体腺瘤的垂体激素与Ｓ－１００蛋白表达进行对照观察。结果：垂体腺瘤组织中的滤泡星状细胞有两种情况,一种为腺瘤组织中可见散在分布的滤泡星状细胞,并可见１个瘤细胞既有Ｓ－１００蛋白表达,又含激素分泌颗粒;另一种为滤泡星状细胞构成了腺瘤的一种主要的细胞成分。结论：滤泡星状细胞与内分     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

What will studies of Fulani individuals naturally exposed to malaria teach us about protective immunity to malaria?

There are an estimated over 200 million yearly cases of malaria worldwide. Despite concerted international effort to combat the disease, it still causes approximately half a million deaths every year, the majority of which are young children with Plasmodium falciparum infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Successes are largely attributed to malaria prevention strategies, such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and indoor spraying, as well as improved access to existing treatments. One important hurdle to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of malaria is our limited understanding of the biology of Plasmodium infection and its complex interaction with the immune system of its human host. Therefore, the elimination of malaria in Africa not only relies on existing tools to reduce malaria burden, but also requires fundamental research to develop innovative approaches. Here, we summarize our discoveries from investigations of ethnic groups of West Africa who have different susceptibility to malaria.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The case for allele‐specific recognition by the TCR

There is a sharp difference in how one views TCR structure–function–behaviour dependent on whether its recognition of major histocompatibility complex‐encoded restriction elements (R) is germline selected or somatically generated. The generally accepted or Standard model is built on the assumption that recognition of R is by the V regions of the αβ TCR, which is not driven by allele specificity, whereas the competing model posits that recognition of R is allele‐specific. The establishing of allele‐specific recognition of R by the TCR would rule out the Standard model and clear the road to a consideration of a competing construct, the Tritope model. Here, the case for allele‐specific recognition (germline selected) is detailed making it obvious that the Standard model is untenable.