某高校医学生儿童期虐待、人格、家庭关系、自尊和自我效能感及不安全感关系的调查研究

目的 考察医学生不安全感心理、儿童期虐待、人格、家庭关系、自尊和自我效能感的关系.方法 采用整群抽样法,对某医学院262例医学生进行调查,使用儿童期虐待史自评量表(PRCA)、不安全感心理自评量表(SRFIS)、简式大五人格问卷(NEO- FFI- R)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、自尊量表(SES)、一般自我效能感(GSES)、世界卫生组织生存质量简表(WHOQOL- BREF)、人口社会经济学资料调查问卷等进行现场测试,用结构方程模型分析软件Amos 7.0作统计学分析.结果 结果显示,儿童期虐待对不安全感、人格和家庭关系有直接影响(Sβ=0.255,-0.189,0.285;P ＜0.01);家庭关系对不安全感、人格有直接影响(Sβ=0.220,-0.221; P＜ 0.01);人格对不安全感、自尊和自我效能感有直接影响(Sβ=-0.295,P＜0.05;Sβ=0.598,P＜0.01);自尊和自我效能感对不安全感有直接影响(Sβ=-0.524,P＜0.01);家庭关系、人格、自尊和自我效能感作为中介变量调节儿童期虐待对医学生不安全感的影响.模型Ⅱ的拟合指数为x2/df ＜3.000,P＞0.05,RMSEA=0.050,PGFI=0.612、PNFI=0.655、PCFI=0.717,均大于0.500,GFI=0.956、AGFI=0.931、NFI=0.909、RFI=0.873、IFI=0.995、TLI=0.992、CFI=0.995,均大于0.900,模型拟合良好.结论 家庭关系、人格、自尊和自我效能感作为中介变量,调节着儿童期虐待对医学生不安全感的影响.     

女护生儿童期虐待与情绪调节自我效能感的关系研究

目的探讨女护生情绪调节自我效能感与儿童期虐待经历的关系,为维护其心理健康采取有效的干预措施提供参考。方法采用整群抽样方法,于2016年1月在南充市3所职业卫校选取966名在校女护生,用中文版情绪调节自我效能感量表(RES)和儿童期虐待问卷(CTQ)进行评定。结果 (1)966名女护生的情感忽视、情感虐待、躯体忽视评分相对较高,分别为(11. 43±4. 94)分、(8. 61±3. 04)分、(8. 07±3. 07)分;躯体虐待和性虐待评分较低,分别为(6. 62±2. 38)分、(5. 62±1. 69)分;(2)相关分析散点图显示,RES和CTQ评分无线性关系;(3)回归分析显示,儿童期情感虐待和情感忽视对情绪调节自我效能感有负向预测作用(t=-4. 026、-3. 739,P均0. 01),总贡献率为5. 4%。结论儿童期虐待经历对女护生情绪调节自我效能感有负性预测作用,即儿童期经历的虐待越多,情绪调节自我效能感越低。     

改良森田疗法对康复期精神分裂症患者自我和谐、自尊和自我效能感的影响

目的探讨改良森田疗法对康复期精神分裂症患者自我和谐、自尊和自我效能感的影响。方法本研究采用自身对照研究设计。将56例符合《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(第3版)》(CCMD-3)的康复期精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,在继续接受系统的抗精神病药物治疗和常规护理的基础上进行改良森田治疗,共12周。于治疗前及治疗后使用自我和谐量表(SCCS)、自尊量表(SES)和一般自我效能感量表(GSES)对患者进行评定。结果治疗12周后,自我和谐量表中的自我与经验的不和谐因子分和自我的刻板性因子分降低(t=3.830,19.212,P0.01),自我的灵活性因子分增高(t=7.654,P0.01);自尊量表分和一般自我效能感量表分增高(t=4.619,3.766,P0.01)。结论改良森田疗法能有效改善康复期精神分裂症患者的自我和谐,提高患者的自尊和自我效能感。     

医学生情绪管理能力与自我效能感关系

目的探讨医学生情绪管理能力状况及其与自我效能感的关系。方法采用情绪管理能力问卷和一般自我效能感量表对某医学院校学生进行施测。结果①医学生情绪管理能力高于常模（t=2.455,P〈0.05）。②医学生情绪管理能力在性别、城乡、独生与否、年级上差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。③医学生情绪管理能力与自我效能感存在弱正相关（r=0.313）。结论医学生自我效能感越高,情绪管理能力越强。     

高师贫困生自尊、自我效能感与主观幸福感的关系研究

目的探讨高师贫困生自尊、自我效能感与主观幸福感的关系,为高师院校心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用自尊量表、一般自我效能感量表、生活满意度量表、快乐感量表对218名贫困生和216名非贫困生进行测查。结果（1）高师贫困生的自尊、生活满意度、正性情感显著低于非贫困生,自我效能感、负性情感差异不显著。（2）自尊、自我效能感与主观幸福感显著相关。（3）不同自尊、不同自我效能感的高师贫困生主观幸福感的差异显著。（4）自尊、自我效能感对生活满意度、正性情感具有一定的预测力,自尊对负性情感具有预测作用。结论贫困生自尊、主观幸福感相对较低,自尊、自我效能感能显著预测主观幸福感。     

儿童期虐待对大学生焦虑抑郁情绪的影响：人格、社会支持和生活事件的中介作用

目的 探讨人格、社会支持和生活事件在儿童期受虐待与大学生焦虑、抑郁情绪之间的 中介作用。方法 采用整群随机抽样法,以班级为单位选取徐州市 3 所高校的 2 420 名大学生,使用焦 虑自评量表（SAS）、贝克抑郁自评问卷（BDI）、儿童期虐待史自评量表（PRCA）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、 青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）、简式大五人格问卷（NEO-FFI-R）进行评估。采用 Pearson 相关和多重线性 回归分析儿童期受虐待大学生的焦虑、抑郁与人格、社会支持、生活事件、虐待之间的关系,并构建儿 童期受虐待大学生焦虑、抑郁形成机制的结构方程模型。共发放问卷 2 420 份,回收有效问卷 2 374 份, 有效回收率为 98.1%。结果 2 374 名大学生中,有 929 名（39.1%）在儿童期遭受过虐待。儿童期受 虐待大学生的 BDI 评分、SAS 评分与 PRCA 总分、ASLEC 评分、神经质评分呈正相关（r=0.366～0.632, P＜ 0.001）,与 SSRS 总分、外向性评分、开放性评分、友善性评分和谨慎性评分呈负相关（r=-0.440～ -0.128,P＜ 0.001）。NEO-FFI-R 各分量表评分、SSRS 总分、ASLEC 评分、PRCA 总分两两之间存在相关 性（r=-0.515～-0.065、0.220～0.456;P＜ 0.05）。回归分析结果显示,儿童期受虐待对大学生人格、生活 事件、社会支持、焦虑、抑郁有直接影响（P＜ 0.05）;人格对生活事件、社会支持、焦虑、抑郁有直接影响 （P＜ 0.01）;社会支持对生活事件有直接影响（P＜ 0.01）,对焦虑、抑郁无直接影响;生活事件对焦虑、抑 郁有直接影响（P＜ 0.05）。模型的拟合指数中,卡方 / 自由度为 3.361,简约调整适配度指数为 0.648、简 约调整比较适配指数为 0.712、简约调整规准适配指数为 0.696;渐进残差均方和平方根为 0.049,适配度 指数为 0.952,调整后适配度指数为 0.930;规准适配指数为 0.925、相对适配指数为 0.900、增量拟合指数 为 0.946、非规准适配指数为 0.928、比较适配指数为 0.946,模型适配度良好。结论 儿童期受虐待大学 生容易出现焦虑、抑郁情绪,人格特质、社会支持和生活事件在儿童期虐待和大学生焦虑、抑郁情绪之 间发挥着中介效应。     

医学生考研焦虑现状及其影响因素

目的探讨医学生考研焦虑水平以及影响医学生考研焦虑的因素。方法于2013年11月采用分层随机抽样方法从某医学院校抽取438名考研学生,采用成就动机量表(AMS)、大学生考研焦虑量表和考研焦虑影响因素问卷进行调查。结果 1被调查的医学生中,无考研焦虑人数占30.82%,有考研焦虑的占69.18%,其中高度考研焦虑占7.08%;2不同性别、专业、是否为应届毕业生、是否跨专业考研在焦虑状态上差异无统计学意义(P0.05);3准备参加公务员考试,以及担心恋爱关系受到影响的考生其焦虑程度较高(P0.05);4考生成就动机越高,考研焦虑程度越低[(29.25±6.45)vs.(39.81±6.38),P0.01];5身体不适、复习不充分、自我效能感低、学校干扰、家庭干扰、避免失败等因子影响考生的焦虑程度,回归方程为Y=9.97+0.477X1+0.698X2+0.848X3+0.274X4+0.109X5+0.273X6。结论医学生的考研焦虑现状不容乐观,易受身体不适、复习不充分、低自我效能感等多种因素的影响。     

儿童期心理虐待对青少年抑郁障碍的影响：宽恕倾向的中介效应

目的 探讨儿童期心理虐待、宽恕倾向与青少年抑郁障碍的关系。方法 选取我院门诊或住院的青少年重性抑郁障碍患者76人作为研究组,选取80名健康青少年作为对照组,研究组和对照组施测儿童期心理虐待量表（CPMS）和Hearland宽恕量表（HFS）,以汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评估研究组抑郁障碍严重程度。结果 研究组恐吓、贬损、干涉、纵容因子分高于对照组（P<0.05或0.01）;研究组自我宽恕和宽恕他人因子分低于对照组（P=0.000）。CPMS各因子分与HAMD大部分因子分呈正相关（P<0.05或0.01）;自我宽恕与焦虑/躯体化、体重、认知障碍、迟滞、绝望感呈负相关（P<0.05或0.01）。CPMS的恐吓、纵容对HAMD总分有预测作用（P<0.01）,可解释方差变异的39.7%;自我宽恕、宽恕他人对HAMD总分有预测作用（P=0.000）,可解释方差变异的64.2%。宽恕倾向在儿童期心理虐待与青少年抑郁严重程度之间起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的42.05%。结论 儿童期心理虐待、宽恕倾向是青少年抑郁障碍的预测因子,宽恕倾向是儿童期心理虐待与抑郁障碍严重程度...     

儿童期虐待对成人自杀可能性的影响

目的 了解儿童期虐待对于成年后自杀可能性的影响.方法 分层随机抽取≥18岁的天津市区居民564例,使用儿童期虐待问卷（CTQ-SF）、自制自杀态度量表作为工具进行调查.结果 男性被调查者儿童期躯体虐待评分高于女性（P＜0.01）,女性被调查者儿童期情感忽视评分高于男性（P＜0.05）.男性有自杀意念人数显著低于女性（P＜0.05）.相关分析显示儿童期躯体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待及情感忽视与被调查者的自杀意念呈负相关（P＜0.01）;儿童期躯体虐待、情感虐待及性虐待与被调查者自杀未遂呈负相关（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）;而儿童期躯体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待及情感忽视与被调查者的自杀接受程度呈正相关（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）.回归分析显示情感虐待、性虐待和情感忽视为被调查者自杀意念的独立影响因素（P＜0.05）.结论 成年人的自杀意念、自杀未遂及自杀接受态度与其儿童期虐待有关.     

Test anxiety and self-esteem in senior high school students: a cross-sectional study

Purpose: In this study, it is aimed to determine the level of test anxiety and self-esteem in the high school students preparing for the university exam in Bitlis, Turkey, and to investigate the effect of test anxiety on self-esteem.

Material and methods: Seven-hundred and twenty-four high school students who were preparing for the university entrance examination in Bitlis participated in the study. A questionnaire which includes socio-demographic data form, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Revised Test Anxiety Scale was prepared as an e-questionnaire for the students to fill easily and uploaded to the Bitlis State Hospital's website. Schools were called and informed for the students to fill out the e-questionnaire on the Internet.

Results: The most important findings from our study are that gender is influential on test anxiety and self-esteem score and test anxiety level are negatively correlated. It was observed that female students had more test anxiety than male students and those who had higher self-esteem had less test anxiety.

Conclusion: Consequently, our study shows that university entrance examination creates anxiety on students and reduces self-esteem, especially in female students.     

The long-term impact of childhood abuse on internalizing disorders among older adults: The moderating role of self-esteem

Objectives: First, to determine if childhood experiences of abuse have an impact on internalizing disorders (e.g., anxiety and depressive disorders) among older adults. Second, we wish to determine if self-esteem plays a role in explaining the relationship between abuse and internalizing disorders.

Method: First, we conducted an analysis on a population sample of participants aged 50 years or older (mean age = 67 years; SD = 10.3) assessed at two time points, three years apart (Wave 1, N = 1460; Wave 2, N = 1090). We examined the relationship between reports of childhood abuse (physical, emotional, and sexual) and internalizing disorders. Second, we determined the role self-esteem played in explaining the relationship.

Results: We found that childhood experiences of abuse assessed at Wave 1 predicted the number of DSM-IV internalizing disorders occurring three years later. Demonstrating the specificity of self-esteem; we found self-esteem, but not emotional reliance, to moderate the relationship between abuse and internalizing disorders such that childhood abuse had more negative effects on those with low self-esteem compared to those with higher self-esteem. Contrary to prediction, self-esteem did not mediate the relationship between abuse and internalizing disorders.

Conclusion: The negative effects of childhood abuse persist for many years, even into older adulthood. However, contrary to the findings in younger adults, self-esteem was not correlated with childhood abuse in older adults. Moreover, childhood abuse only had a negative effect on those who had low self-esteem. It may be through the process of lifespan development that some abused individuals come to separate out the effects of abuse from their self-concept.     

The protective role of friendship on the effects of childhood abuse and depression

Background: This study explored the relationships between childhood maltreatment (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, as well as neglect), adult depression, and perceived social support from family and friends. Methods: As part of an NIH‐funded study of risk and resilience at a public urban hospital in Atlanta, 378 men and women recruited from the primary care and obstetrics gynecology clinic waiting areas answered questions about developmental history, traumatic experiences, current relationship support, and depressive symptoms. Results: Childhood emotional abuse and neglect proved more predictive of adult depression than childhood sexual or physical abuse. In females only, perceived friend social support protected against adult depression even after accounting for the contributions of both emotional abuse and neglect. Conclusions: These findings may elucidate the particular importance of understanding the effects that emotional abuse and neglect have on adult depression, and how perceived friendship support may provide a buffer for women with a history of early life stress who are at risk to develop adult depression. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

The nature of self-esteem and its relationship to anxiety and depression in adult acquired brain injury

Acquired brain injury (ABI) has a negative impact on self-esteem, which is in turn associated with mood disorders, maladaptive coping and reduced community participation. The aim of the current research was to explore self-esteem as a multi-dimensional construct and identify which factors are associated with symptoms of anxiety or depression. Eighty adults with ABI aged 17–56 years completed the Robson Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), of whom 65 also completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; 57.5% of the sample had clinically low self-esteem. The RSES had good internal consistency (α?=?.89), and factor analysis identified four factors, which differed from those found previously in other populations. Multiple regression analysis revealed anxiety was differentially predicted by “Self-Worth” and “Self-Efficacy”, R²?=?.44, F(4, 58)?=?9, p?<?.001, and depression by “Self-Regard”, R²?=?.38, F(4, 58)?=?9, p?<?.001. A fourth factor, “Confidence”, did not predict depression or anxiety. In conclusion, the RSES is a reliable measure of self-esteem after ABI. Self-esteem after ABI is multidimensional and differs in structure from self-esteem in the general population. A multidimensional model of self-esteem may be helpful in development of transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural accounts of adjustment.     

Correlations among self-esteem, aggression, adverse childhood experiences and depression in inmates of a female juvenile correctional facility in Japan

Aim:  The purpose of this study was to examine the following hypothesis: (i) Self-esteem and aggressiveness, adverse childhood experiences (ACE), and a depressive tendency interact with each other. (ii) The subjects show a strong depressive tendency, and each of the other factors exerts a main effect on, and interacts with, the depressive tendency.
Method:  The subjects were 91 juveniles (all female) admitted to a female juvenile correctional facility between November 2005 and December 2006. They were aged 15–19 years, with a mean age of 17.0 (SD = 1.18) years. Self-esteem scale, aggression scale, ACE questionnaire, and depression scale were conducted.
Results:  Significant main effects (R² = 0.50, P  < 0.001) on the depression score were observed in self-esteem (β = −0.41, P  < 0.001) and aggression (β = 0.21, P  < 0.05). Self-esteem, aggression, ACE, and depression were found to be interrelated.
Conclusion:  Low self-esteem was also shown to exert marked effects on various factors. About half of the inmates of the facility were depressed, and the main effects of self-esteem, aggression, and the ACE score were shown to influence the depression score.     

Self-esteem,anxiety, and loneliness in preadolescent girls who have experienced sexual abuse

This study sought to clarify and extend existing knowledge of the negative sequelae of sexual abuse by comparing levels of self-esteem, anxiety, and loneliness in abused and nonabused girls. Comparisons indicated that sexually abused children had lower levels of self-esteem than nonabused children, but that levels of anxiety and loneliness did not differ between the groups. These findings empirically confirm one of the sequelae of sexual abuse commonly cited in the clinical literature and point to the need for interventions designed to redress this adverse effect.     

The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression,anxiety and stress among a group of university students

BACKGROUND: The mental health of university students is an area of increasing concern worldwide. The objective of this study is to examine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of Turkish university students. METHODS: Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42) completed anonymously in the students' respective classrooms by 1,617 students. RESULTS: Depression, anxiety and stress levels of moderate severity or above were found in 27.1, 47.1 and 27% of our respondents, respectively. Anxiety and stress scores were higher among female students. First- and second-year students had higher depression, anxiety and stress scores than the others. Students who were satisfied with their education had lower depression, anxiety and stress scores than those who were not satisfied. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among university students is alarming. This shows the need for primary and secondary prevention measures, with the development of adequate and appropriate support services for this group.     

无望感-自尊理论对抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫症患者的适用性研究

目的:比较抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫症患者在归因方式、无望感、自尊上的异同,探索抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫症患者对无望感-自尊理论的适用性. 方法:对门诊或住院的抑郁症(n=81)、焦虑症(n=53)、强迫症(n=48)患者,及正常对照组(n=51)被试进行归因方式问卷、自尊量表的测评,得分进行4组间比较. 结果:①抑郁症组在...