全椎板切除减压椎弓根固定后外侧植骨融合术治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的探讨后路全椎板切除减压椎弓根固定后外侧植骨融合术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床效果。方法2002年1月喇8年6月我院收治的腰椎管狭窄症患者55例,手术方法为后路全椎板切除减压术＋椎弓根螺钉固定术＋后外侧植骨术。结果所有病例均得到随访,平均36个月（6-72个月）,47例优或良,6例可,2例差。优良率85．5％。结论后路全椎板切除减压椎弓根固定后外侧植骨融合术治疗腰椎管狭窄症临床效果肯定。     

老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症的外科治疗

目的探讨外科治疗老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症的方法及疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年2月至2006年4月中山医院骨科收治的70岁及以上退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者137例,男92例,女45例;年龄70～81岁,平均75.6±6.2岁;病史3～8年,平均5.3±0.4年。41例患者术前合并一种或多种内科疾病,所有病人术前均经内科治疗,病情稳定3个月以上后方行手术。112例行单纯全椎板或部分椎板切除减压术;25例采用椎板减压＋椎弓根固定＋椎间植骨融合术。结果围手术期并发症12例,经对症处理及内科联合治疗后好转,无围手术期死亡病例。本组平均随访时间2年6个月,Oswestry评分术前为62.42±11.36,术后为17.25±5.62。所有患者术后神经受压症状均有改善,连续行走从术前不足15min到术后至少30min。结论手术治疗有助于老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者神经功能的恢复,术前积极治疗合并症可以降低围手术期风险。     

微创单侧椎板入路双侧减压治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症的疗效

目的探讨微创单侧椎板入路双侧减压治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症的临床效果。方法回顾性分析采用单侧椎板入路双侧椎管减压治疗的23例老年腰椎管狭窄症患者的临床资料,分析该术式临床效果。男7例,女16例;年龄65~79岁,平均73.5岁。术后随访1年以上。采用JOA评分方法对患者术前术后症状进行评分。结果 JOA评分术后症状均有不同程度改善(P0.01)。结论微创单侧椎板入路双侧减压可以作为治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症的有效方法之一。     

老年腰椎间盘突出症或腰椎管狭窄症再手术的探讨

目的分析老年腰椎间盘突出症或腰椎管狭窄症的初次手术失败原因,提出再手术的方法及注意事项。方法对24例腰间盘突出症或腰椎管狭窄症第1次手术失败,导致术后症状无明显好转或加重而再手术(24例患者全部行彻底椎板减压,钉棒的内固定植骨融合)资料进行回顾性分析。结果初次手术失败原因主要为椎间盘摘除术后或腰椎管狭窄减压术后未做恢复脊柱高度及脊柱稳定手术,造成脊柱不稳,椎管或神经根管进一步狭窄,导致神经根受压所致的根性痛。再次手术后24例病人经1年以上随访,术后效果良好,优良率91.67%。结论钉棒系统加Cage联合应用是治疗腰椎间盘突出或腰椎管狭窄症术后复发的有效方法。     

老年腰椎管狭窄症单纯椎板减压与后路椎间植骨融合内固定术的疗效及预后比较

目的探讨单纯椎板减压与后路椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症的效果及对病人生活质量的影响。方法选取2015年3月至2017年4月我院收治的老年腰椎管狭窄症病人50例,依据不同的治疗方式分为对照组和研究组,对照组采用单纯椎板减压治疗,研究组采用后路椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗,对比2组病人的治疗效果及病人的生活质量。结果研究组手术时间、术中失血量、住院时间明显低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后研究组病人的优良率明显高于对照组(P0.05);治疗前2组病人的疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),手术后均得到了一定的改善,研究组病人的疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P0.05);治疗前2组病人的生活质量评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),手术治疗1年后生活质量评分都得到提高,研究组明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论对于老年腰椎管狭窄症病人,采用后路椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗的效果明显优于单纯椎板减压治疗,可以提高治疗优良率、降低疼痛感、提升病人的生活质量,值得推广和应用。     

保留椎板复合结构瓣治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症

在腰椎管狭窄的老年患者中，相当一部分患者具有手术指征，但由于病人的生理机能减退，全身疾病多，手术的耐受性降低，临床上往往被迫采取保守治疗，从而造成患者的生活质量下降。我院采用保留椎板及后韧带复合结构瓣回植治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症患者60例，重建了腰椎生物力学的完整性和稳定性，有效地防止术后下腰椎不稳定和医源性腰椎管狭窄等并发症的发生。     

老年腰椎管狭窄症合并腰椎不稳的手术治疗

腰椎管狭窄症是65岁以上老年人常见的脊柱疾病,多合并有不同程度腰椎节段不稳,大多数患者经保守治疗无效,在不稳定的晚期,可出现各种脊柱畸形、神经根以及马尾受压症状,行单纯手术减压治疗远期疗效欠佳,是脊柱外科医生面临的一个常见问题.我院2001年12月-2006年12月,采用全椎板及侧隐窝神经根管减压、后外侧植骨和椎弓根内固定术治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症合并腰椎不稳患者19例,经10～60个月随访,效果优良,现报道如下.     

多节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症手术治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨多节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症手术治疗疗效。方法自2005年3月～2009年10月,采用广泛椎板减压椎弓根螺钉内固定、椎间融合和后外侧融合或椎管钛网成形治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症患者46例。术后平均随访3.7 a,应用JOA评分(29分法)对手术前后临床疗效进行主客观评价。结果术后患者JOA评分较术前有显著提高(P均<0.01)。术后半年优良率86.9%。结论采用广泛椎板减压椎弓根螺钉内固定、椎间融合和后外侧融合或椎管钛网成形治疗多节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症,可取得满意和持久的临床疗效。     

单节段经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术椎间融合器植入与单纯自体颗粒骨植骨治疗老年退变性腰椎管狭窄症的疗效

目的探讨经椎间孔入路微创单节段腰椎椎间融合术椎间融合器植入或单纯自体颗粒骨植骨两种融合方式治疗老年退变性腰椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法选取2011年3月至2012年7月该院骨科收治的拟接受经椎间孔入路的单节段腰椎椎间融合术的老年腰椎管狭窄症患者74例,随机分为融合器组和植骨组各37例。记录两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、治疗费用;分别于手术前、术后1 w、1年、2年进行随访,比较数字分级法(VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数问卷表(ODI)评分、椎间孔和椎间隙高度、腰椎前凸角、融合率、术后并发症情况。结果两组手术时间、术后住院时间、术中出血量之间均无统计学差异(P>0.05);融合器组患者治疗费用明显高于植骨组(P<0.05)。两组患者术后1年、2年的VAS评分、ODI评分与术前相比均明显降低(P<0.05);术后1年和术后2年的VAS评分、ODI评分两组间均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。融合器组术后2年椎间孔高度、椎间隙高度明显高于植骨组(P<0.05);两组术后2年腰椎前凸角度之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组患者术后1年、2年融合率、术后并发症发生率差异均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论老年单节段退变性腰椎管狭窄症患者行微创经椎间孔入路的单节段腰椎椎间融合术治疗,椎间融合器植骨能够更好地恢复椎间隙、椎间孔的高度;自体颗粒骨植骨具有明显的经济优势。     

椎板原位回植椎管成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄症49例疗效分析

腰椎管狭窄症后路手术方式成为沿袭多年的经典术式，但这些手术都要或多或少地切除棘突、椎板和韧带。因此会导致顽固性腰痛、脊柱不稳、脊柱滑脱。1997年3月至2000年3月，我们应用椎板原位回植椎管成形术治疗腰椎管狭窄症患者49例，效果满意。现报告如下。     

Surgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis in patients aged 65 years and older

Spinal stenosis syndrome affects mainly patients at their 5th-6th decades of life. The main goals of surgical treatment in the elderly are to allow the individual to walk longer distances, maintain the activities of daily living (ADL) and social life. Our aim was to evaluate the results of surgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis in elderly patients. All patients over 65 years of age who underwent surgery due to spinal stenosis syndrome between 1990 and 1998 were evaluated. There were 29 males and 17 females aged between 65 and 90 years. The clinical presentation included low back pain (89%), intermittent claudication (100%) and neurological involvement (87%). The radiological examination showed a frequent narrowing at the level L4-L5 in 93.5% of the patients. The results of the surgery in a mean follow-up of 22 months were good to excellent in 80% of the patients, fair in 11%, and poor in 9%. An improvement in the intensity of pain and in walking distances was noted in 89 and 85% of the patients, respectively. Improvement was achieved in the level of daily activity and in social lives in 57 and 61%, respectively. Major and minor complication rates were 6.5 and 19.5%, respectively. No mortality was noted in this series. Eighty-seven percent of the patients were satisfied with the results of the surgery. We conclude that Surgery for spinal stenosis is a successful and relatively safe procedure, also for patients aged over 65, and should be considered as a treatment option for these patients.     

老年人腰椎管狭窄症的手术治疗46例分析

目的观察新术式多节段椎板开窗、椎管潜行式扩大减压成形术治疗老年人腰椎管狭窄症的疗效，并评价其优缺点。方法采用该术式治疗老年人腰椎管狭窄症４６例，其中退行性２９例，混合性１３例，发育性４例；有３例Ⅰ°腰椎滑脱。结果平均手术时间１个半小时，失血量２２０ｍｌ，平均术后３天下床功能煅练。手术并发症共３例，２例硬脊膜撕裂和１例神经根损伤。４６例随访时间１２～４４个月，平均２５个月。优１９例（４１．３％），良２１例（４５．７％），可６例（１３％），术后无症状加重和病情恶化者。结论结果表明本术式是治疗老年人腰椎管狭窄的一种安全和有效的方法。     

Update on use of instrumentation in lumbar spine disorders

The past 20 years have witnessed significant changes in the indications for and use of instrumentation in lumbar spine surgery. Absolute indications for surgical instrumentation include cases of clearly defined instability that commonly occur in the setting of trauma, tumour and infection. Relative indications for instrumentation must consider the clinical context and individual patient characteristics but may include cases of spondylolisthesis, junctional stenosis and pseudarthrosis. The use of instrumentation in the surgical treatment of degenerative disc disease is prevalent but remains highly controversial. Pedicle screws and interbody cages represent alternative forms of instrumentation with substantial clinical evidence supporting their safety and efficacy when applied in the correct clinical settings. Minimally invasive and computer-assisted surgical techniques have shown promising early results but must be subject to longer-term scrutiny. The development of prosthetic disc replacements is an exciting area of research, but clinical results have not approached the success currently enjoyed by hip and knee prostheses, and these devices should be considered experimental. One of the goals of instrumentation is to enhance the rate of spinal fusion. However, achievement of solid radiographic fusion does not guarantee a clinically successful outcome and, conversely, excellent results can be obtained in the setting of radiographic pseudarthrosis. The most important determinant of favourable surgical outcome is appropriate patient selection through a sound understanding of surgical indications.     

Surgical results and complications in elderly patients with benign lesions of the spinal canal.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the long-term outcome and complications of spinal surgery in a population of elderly patients. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review and clinical follow-up. SETTING: A 700-bed tertiary care midwestern hospital. PATIENTS: Patients 70 years of age or older who underwent elective surgical procedures for the treatment of benign lesions of the spinal canal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data obtained from chart review included age, sex, nature and duration of neurological symptoms, activities of daily living (ADL), associated illnesses, length of hospitalization, type of surgery, and complications attributable to surgery. Outcome measurements included changes in neurological symptoms and ADL and a standardized scale obtained from consecutive outpatient visits, telephone interviews, or written responses. RESULTS: Seventy-eight patients with lumbar canal stenosis or soft disc herniations underwent laminectomies, foraminotomies or discectomies. Eleven patients underwent cervical laminectomies for multilevel spondylitic myelopathy. Limb and spine pain were the most common neurological symptoms in patients with lumbar lesions; diminished ADLs were present in eight patients with cervical myelopathies. Six patients died of unrelated causes, and 78 were followed for an average of 27.1 months. Twenty-three (85.2%) of 27 patients with lumbar disc herniations reported improvements or resolution of limb pain while 35 (81.4%) of 43 patients with lumbar canal stenosis reported fair or good results. Five of eight patients with multilevel cervical spondylosis reported improvements of myelopathic symptoms. Twenty-six (28.6%) complications were attributable to 91 surgical procedures including five severe complications and one fatality. Patients with three or more associated illnesses demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients with benign lesions of the spinal canal may achieve significant reduction in limb pain and increases in ADL following appropriate surgery, with a tolerable rate of severe complications. The preoperative physical condition of the elderly patient served as an indicator for operative morbidity.     

单侧开门外侧块螺钉固定植骨治疗颈脊髓压迫症

目的 探讨单侧开门外侧块螺钉固定植骨术治疗颈脊髓压迫症的临床疗效.方法 自2004-02～2008-06采用单侧开门外侧块螺钉固定植骨术治疗颈脊髓压迫症26例,男18例,女8例;年龄51～67岁,平均58岁.26例中有22例为多节段脊髓型颈椎病(3个或3个节段以上),其中10例合并发育性椎管狭窄症(6例合并动力性椎管狭窄症,3例合并后纵韧带骨化症,1例为外伤性);4例为颈椎管内肿瘤.随访9个月～2年2个月,平均1年8个月.结果 疗效评定标准参照日本整形外科协会(JOA)评分标准,优8例,良15例,可2例,差1例,优良率为88.5%.无一例出现血管损伤或内固定物断裂并发症,1例脊膜瘤因肿物过大术后出现脊髓再灌注损伤表现,经积极治疗好转,生活可自理.结论 该法适用于需要从后方入路进行减压的颈脊髓压迫症,疗效肯定.其优点是手术相对安全,在彻底减压的同时进行坚强的内固定,尤其适用于伴有节段性不稳的脊髓型颈椎病.     

Failure of conservative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis in elderly patients

Spinal stenosis syndrome affects mainly patients at their 5th-6th decades of life. There is a strong debate in the literature whether patients with spinal stenosis should be operated or treated conservatively. Our aim was to evaluate patients with lumbar spinal stenosis who were treated conservatively. All patients over 65 years of age who were handled conservatively in the private clinic of the senior author due to spinal stenosis syndrome were evaluated. There were 21 males and 15 females aged between 65 and 88 years. Intermittent claudication was the dominant clinical presentation. The radiological examination showed a frequent narrowing at the level L4-L5. All patients had a severe stenosis of less than 10mm diameter of the spinal canal. All patients underwent a conservative therapy which included physical therapy with ultrasound waves, short waves, and flexion exercises. All patients were offered to undergo an epidural or nerve root injection. Twenty-four patients agreed also to have one of these procedures to relieve their symptoms. All patients were followed between 6 and 10 months after the initial diagnosis. We used the Oswestry index category for evaluation. In all parameters the conservative treatment failed to improve the symptoms in the vast majority of patients. None of the patients was very satisfied with the results of conservative treatment while 33 patients (92%) were not so satisfied or unsatisfied with the results. We conclude that conservative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis is not a success for elderly patients. These patients should be convinced to undergo operative treatment.     

Destructive spondylopathy in chondrocalcinosis ("pseudospondylodiscitis")

A case of degenerative spondylopathy in chondrocalcinosis (pseudospondylo-discitis) is presented. The incidence of vertebral involvement in chondrocalcinosis reported in the literature is reviewed. In approximately 4-10% of all cases of chondrocalcinosis the vertebral column is involved as well. Especially in elderly patients, a differential diagnosis based on clinical, radiological and laboratory findings must include infectious spondylodiscitis. In the presence of additional degenerative spondylolisthesis, as well as radiculopathy and/or symptoms of spinal stenosis, surgery is often performed. However, there are cases reported in which improvement occurs after spontaneous vertebral fusion without surgical intervention. If any vertebral change is detected that is suggestive of chondrocalcinosis, even in asymptomatic patients, it is recommended to obtain radiographs of other joints, for example, the knee and wrist, which are frequently also involved in chondrocalcinosis.     

Wallis棘突间动态内固定治疗老年节段性腰椎管狭窄的短期临床效果

目的 探讨后路椎管减压和Wallis棘突间动态内固定治疗老年节段性腰椎管狭窄症的术后短期临床效果。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2010年12月在解放军空军总医院行后路椎管减压、Wallis棘突间动态内固定治疗的25例腰4．5节段椎管狭窄症的老年患者。男11例,女14例;平均年龄65岁。所有患者随访期均≥6个月。记录所有患者术前、术后3天、术后1个月、术后6个月Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评分及视觉模拟评分（VAS）评分,测量手术节段（腰4-5）和邻近节段（腰3-4、腰 5-骶1）椎间隙与椎间孔高度。记录所有患者术中、术后并发症。结果25例患者均在椎管减压后顺利置人Wallis系统。术中、术后未发生手术相关并发症。所有患者术后临床症状均有缓解,术后3天、1个月、6个月时ODI评分和VAS评分与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。术后1个月、6个月邻近节段（腰3-4、腰 5-骶1）椎间隙与椎间孔高度与术后3天比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论椎管减压和Wallis棘突间动态内固定治疗老年节段性腰椎管狭窄症的术后短期随访临床效果满意,Wallis系统可有效维持手术节段椎间隙及椎间孔高度,短期随访未发现引起邻近节段明显退变。     

Lumbar spinal stenosis. Clinical features, diagnostic procedures, and results of surgical treatment in 68 patients

Our experience with 68 patients with strictly defined, myelographically proven, surgically confirmed lumbar spinal stenosis seen over a 30-month period was reviewed. Pseudoclaudication was the commonest symptom (94%) and was described by patients as pain (93%), numbness (63%), or weakness (43%). Symptoms were frequently bilateral (68%) and generally relieved by flexing the lumbosacral spine. Neurologic abnormalities were found in a minority of patients and were usually mild. Electromyography showed one or more lumbosacral radiculopathies in 34 of 37 patients examined. Radiographic evidence of degenerative disk or joint disease was found in 63 patients. All patients had stenosis on myelography, with narrowing at L2, L3, and L4 being the commonest; 30% had multi-level stenosis. Two of ten computed tomograms were normal. Surgery was extensive; 72% of patients had three or more laminae removed. At a mean of 4 years after surgery, 84% of patients reported that surgery had yielded good to excellent results.     

Spinal cord meningiomas in the elderly

The clinical features of six women with spinal cord meningioma are presented. These cases comprise the neurosurgical experience of one of the authors (B.B.) over approximately a 3-year period. Median age was 76 years with a range of 65-89 years. Previous reports of this disorder have not emphasized the occurrence of this tumour in the later decades. A notable feature was delay in diagnosis. Only one patient had a correct diagnosis of spinal cord compression prior to admission. Incorrect diagnoses included diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, degenerative spinal disease, gait disturbance secondary to fall and a thalamic cerebrovascular accident. Gait disorders at presentation included paraparesis, wide-based gait and unclassified disability. All patients had pyramidal tract signs and five had a truncal sensory level. Plain radiographs of the spine were unhelpful and can dissuade the physician from the diagnosis. All tumours were in the thoracic region. Surgery resulted in cure in all patients and diverted one patient from planned institutional care. Spinal cord meningioma should be considered in elderly patients presenting with gait disorder.