乡镇级医院手术部位感染影响因素研究

目的 研究乡镇级医院普外科手术患者手术部位感染(SSI)的影响因素及预防措施.方法 对山东省泰安市岱岳区15所乡镇医院2008年3月-2011年1月收治的外科手术患者SSI发生情况进行回顾性调查,通过病例对照研究分析SSI的影响因素.结果 共调查3105例外科术后患者,发生SSI 107例,手术部位感染率为3.45％、肠道手术感染率为18.75％和前列腺手术感染率为12.56％的SSI最为严重,多因素条件logistic回归分析筛选的影响因素有切口类型、住院时间、手术持续时间、手术性质、糖尿病、体质指数.结论 乡镇级医院SSI较严重,切口类型、住院时间、手术持续时间、手术性质、糖尿病、体质指数等多种因素与SSI发生有关.     

基层医院阑尾切除术手术部位感染的预防措施

目的 探讨农村社区急性阑尾炎的临床特点,加强乡镇医院的手术室消毒管理,以预防开腹阑尾切除术的手术部位感染.方法 观察组为农村社区急性阑尾炎患者110例,围手术期采取预防措施,做好各环节的消毒管理,及时处理术后并发症;101名健康体检者为对照组.结果 急性阑尾炎患者组的平均体温、白细胞总数均高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);开腹阑尾切除术治疗110例急性阑尾炎,手术部位感染4例,手术部位感染率为3.64％.结论 急性阑尾炎患者常有发热、血白细胞增高的临床特点;加强乡镇医院消毒工作质量管理,有效降低开腹阑尾切除术的手术部位感染,提高农村社区卫生服务工作质量.     

Health and economic impact of surgical site infections diagnosed after hospital discharge

Although surgical site infections (SSIs) are known to cause substantial illness and costs during the index hospitalization, little information exists about the impact of infections diagnosed after discharge, which constitute the majority of SSIs. In this study, using patient questionnaire and administrative databases, we assessed the clinical outcomes and resource utilization in the 8-week postoperative period associated with SSIs recognized after discharge. SSI recognized after discharge was confirmed in 89 (1.9%) of 4,571 procedures from May 1997 to October 1998. Patients with SSI, but not controls, had a significant decline in SF-12 (Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey) mental health component scores after surgery (p=0.004). Patients required significantly more outpatient visits, emergency room visits, radiology services, readmissions, and home health aide services than did controls. Average total costs during the 8 weeks after discharge were US dollars 5,155 for patients with SSI and US dollars 1,773 for controls (p<0.001).     

New surgical techniques and surgical site infections

Technologic advances in surgery include a trend toward less invasive procedures, driven by potential benefits to patients and by health-care economics. These less invasive procedures provide infection control personnel opportunities for direct involvement in outcomes measurement.     

外科手术部位感染目标性监测结果分析

目的 探讨外科手术部位感染(SSI)的危险因素,并针对高危因素提出干预措施.方法 确定监测对象,填写统一表格,由医院感染管理科专职人员根据病历记载、现场切口查看及出院后电话随访等方式了解SSI情况.结果 共监测手术患者625例,SSI发生率为4.48％,以阑尾切除术感染率最高,为12.82％;术中出血量≥1500ml者感染率为20.00％,高于出血量＜1500 ml者感染率的4.23％(x2 =5.72,P=0.017);开放性切口者感染率23.08％,高于闭合性切口者感染率的4.08％(x2=10.37,P=0.001);手术前患者具有全身感染者感染率18.42％,高于未合并感染者感染率的3.58％(x2=18.38,P＜0.001);Ⅰ类切口感染率2.06％、Ⅱ类切口感染率35.29％、Ⅲ类切口感染率13.04％、Ⅳ类切口感染率19.23％(x2=20.70,P＜0.001);手术危险指数0分感染率2.44％、1分感染率7.10％、2分感染率8.00％、3分感染率14.29％(x2=9.75,P=0.021);术前预防性使用抗菌药物时间越临近手术开始时间,感染率越低;术后抗菌药物使用时间＞72 h者感染率高于使用时间＜72 h者,28.6％的SSI发生于拆线后,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ类切口拆线后感染发生比例为35.29％,高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ类切口拆线后的感染发生比例18.18％.结论 术中出血量、切口类型、术前有无感染性疾病、切口部位是否为开放性创伤、手术危险指数与SSI的发生密切相关,针对这些危险因素,采取适当的干预措施,有效降低SSI发生率.     

综合医院外科手术部位感染的监测研究

手术部位感染居医院感染的第3位，仅次于下呼吸道感染和胃肠道感染，占住院病人医院感染的14％～16％。手术部位感染不但延长了病人的住院时间，而且提高了发病率和死亡率，给病人的身体和经济带来了沉重的负担。为了给手术部位感染预防控制措施提供依据，特对2002年2月～2004年1月某综合医院外科病人的手术部位感染状况进行了如下调查。     

A method to track surgical site infections

We present an approach to assessing the impact of surveillance for surgical site infections and providing feedback to surgeons on their progress, as part of continuous quality improvement. Adjusting for patient risk factors using the Standardized Mortality Ratio, there was a marked decrease over time in both SMR (1.3 to 0.27) and crude infection rates (32 to 10 per thousand operations per year). These declines cannot be explained by decreased length of hospital stay.     

Wound irrigation for preventing surgical site infections

Wound irrigation (i.e. washing out a wound before wound closure) aims to reduce the microbial burden by removing tissue debris, metabolic waste, and tissue exudate from the surgical field before site closure. Although it is a popular procedure in every day surgical practice, the lack of procedure standardization, leads to studies with high heterogeneity and often controversial results. Thus, there are studies that advocate its use, while others discourage its implementation in clinical practice to reduce the risk of surgical site infection. The present article reviews the current literature on wound irrigation for preventing surgical site infections. Several irrigants are presented. Chlorexidine is generally considered to be less effective than povidone-iodine, while antibiotics are not that common nowadays, as they require prolonged exposure with the target to act. Hydrogen peroxide has several potential complications, which eliminate its use. Any differences in the incidence of surgical site infections between different irrigants, especially between antibacterial and non-bacterial ones, should be viewed sceptically. More randomized controlled studies are needed to provide better quality of evidence regarding the irrigants' effectiveness and safety.     

肝胆外科手术部位感染目标性监测分析

目的 通过开展目标性监测,了解肝胆外科手术部位感染的情况和相关因素,为采取有效预防与控制措施提供科学依据.方法 采用前瞻性监测方法,监测2011年4月-2012年3月肝胆外科所有手术患者,填写监测表格,出院后电话随访,并对感染发生率等多项指标进行统计分析.结果 共监测537例肝胆外科手术患者,手术部位感染率为3.35％;危险指数等级升高,感染率明显增高(P＜0.05),急诊手术感染率高于择期手术;手术切口类型级别越高,感染发生率越高;手术持续时间≥2.6h者感染率升高.结论 肝胆外科手术部位的感染与多种危险因素有关,预防和降低感染发生率,应采取综合性预防控制干预措施.     

结直肠癌患者手术部位感染的病原学分析

目的探讨结直肠癌患者手术后手术部位感染的病原学及药敏率,为临床用药提供参考。方法回顾性分析2010年10月-2013年10月106例结直肠癌手术后手术部位感染患者的临床资料,按照规定方法进行细菌培养和分离,并使用法国生物梅里埃公司生产的VITEK-32全自动微生物鉴定仪进行细菌鉴定,药物敏感试验采用纸片扩散法(K-B)。结果 106例手术部位感染患者送检标本共分离出病原菌156株,其中革兰阴性菌86株占55.2%,革兰阳性菌56株占35.8%;铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南耐药率较低,分别为15.0%、11.1%,对其他抗菌药物耐药率较高;金黄色葡萄球菌对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦耐药率较低,为9.4%;表皮葡萄球菌对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦耐药率较低,均为12.5%。结论结直肠癌手术后,患者最易受到革兰阴性菌感染,将药物联合治疗则比单独使用一类药物效果更好,对结直肠癌手术后感染病原学及药敏进行分析,对于疾病的预后具有意义。     

胃肠肿瘤患者手术部位感染的预防研究

目的探讨影响胃肠肿瘤手术部位医院感染的相关因素,制定干预措施,以降低手术部位感染率。方法选取2010年5月-2012年5月734例胃肠肿瘤手术患者(干预前组),回顾性分析其临床资料,调查发生医院感染的例数,探讨影响医院感染的相关因素,制定对应的护理对策,并对2012年6月-2013年12月512例胃肠肿瘤手术患者(干预组)实施针对性干预,对比感染情况。结果影响医院感染发生的危险因素有高龄、手术时间长、住院时间长、抗菌药物使用不合理、侵入性诊疗;干预前组734例患者中有79例患者发生医院感染,医院感染率10.76%,干预组512例患者有32例发生感染,感染率6.25%,明显低于干预前组,对比差异有统计学意义。结论胃肠肿瘤发生手术部位感染相关因素较多,加强对医院感染的干预可以提升手术安全性,有利于治疗。     

手术部位感染的危险因素调查分析

目的 探讨临床中手术部位感染的危险因素,并制定相应对策,从而降低手术部位感染的发生.方法 采取回顾性方法对2010年1-12月的2000例手术患者的临床资料进行调查分析.结果 2000例手术患者有112例患者发生手术部位感染,感染率为5.6％;患者年龄＞60岁、住院时间＞7 d、伴有其他疾病、未严格执行无菌操作、肥胖、手术时间＞2 h、抗菌药物不合理使用及术前不合理备皮等均是发生手术部位感染的危险因素,其感染率分别为6.7％、9.0％、8.8％、16.4％、7.6％、10.9％、9.8％及8.7％.结论 通过采取针对性的护理措施,从而有效地预防和降低感染的发生.     

外科手术部位感染的目标性监测分析

目的评价外科手术部位感染控制效果。方法采用前瞻性调查方法,选择2009-2010年妇产科和骨伤科的手术患者的手术切口感染情况进行调查。结果 2年共监测手术患者1691例,其中剖宫产手术病例1173例,发生手术部位感染5例,感染率0.30%,以手术创伤较大、有植入物的、手术危险程度较高的关节置换术感染率最高,为2.22%;在所有病例中术后均应用预防性抗菌药物。结论采用手术切口目标性监测和干预措施,可以有效降低手术部位感染率。     

Surveillance of surgical site infections after digestive surgery

Objective

The authors had for aim to monitor surgical site infections (SSI) after digestive surgery and to compare local hospital rates to those of the south-east French region. The overall rate of SSI was compared to the rate of two targeted surgeries: cholecystectomy and hernia repair (CHOL, HERN).

Method

Surveillance of all surgical procedures, following “CCLIN Sud-Est” surveillance guidelines was carried out between June and August 2006.

Results

Three hundred and thirty-eight surgeries were included. Among them, 20 SSIs (5.92%) were diagnosed and confirmed by a surgeon. The univariate analysis identified six risk factors: age, wound classes (3 or 4), ASA (3 or 4 or 5), length of surgery (greater than two hours), complexity of surgery, and carcinologic surgery. In the multivariate analysis, ASA score and length of surgery were significantly linked to SSI. SSI rates for HERN and CHOL were respectively 2.7 (2/73) and 2.9% (2/68).

Conclusion

The overall rate of infection was high compared to the “CCLIN Sud-Est” 2005 data. However, teaching hospitals accounted for only 8% of all interventions and they usually hospitalize patients at risk. Thus, the overall follow-up requires stratifying the results in homogeneous groups of patients (NNIS) to have comparable results overtime and between hospitals. In addition, this monitoring is difficult to perform because it is a very time-consuming routine. However, if CHOL and HERN are more reliable for comparison and less time-consuming, they do not reflect the overall rate of SSI.     

Automated methods for surveillance of surgical site infections

Automated data, especially from pharmacy and administrative claims, are available for much of the U.S. population and might substantially improve both inpatient and postdischarge surveillance for surgical site infections complicating selected procedures, while reducing the resources required. Potential improvements include better sensitivity, less susceptibility to interobserver variation, more uniform availability of data, more precise estimates of infection rates, and better adjustment for patients' coexisting illness.     

综合医院外科手术部位感染监测研究

目的了解综合医院外科手术部位感染现状,探索手术部位感染分析方法,为手术部位感染监测与控制提供参考。方法采用统计描述对手术部位感染率、感染分布进行描述;采用χ2检验进行感染率比较;采用调整感染率比较不同科室手术部位感染率。结果 3 952例手术患者手术部位感染33例,感染率为0.84%,表浅切口感染占81.82%;感染患者中病原学送检22例,送检率为66.67%;阳性18例,检出阳性率81.82%;共检出病原菌25株;不同手术切口类型感染率差异无统计学意义,不同危险等级感染率随危险等级增高而增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);骨科和乳腺外科调整感染率最高。结论医院手术部位感染率还有下降空间,从科室层面应重点关注骨科和乳腺外科手术,同时还应关注冠状动脉搭桥术(胸和供体血管均切开)、脊柱融合术、经腹子宫切除术和椎扳切除术几类手术。