腹部脂肪分布与代谢综合征组分关系的研究

目的探讨代谢综合征(MS)中各种代谢异常与腹部脂肪分布之间的关系。方法用螺旋CT对MS(70例)、2型糖尿病(T2DM,16例)和高血压病(EH,22例)患者进行腹部脂肪扫描,测量患者腹内脂肪、腹壁脂肪含量,并计算二者比值(内/壁比),分析腹部脂肪与代谢综合征中各种代谢指标的相关关系。结果MS组患者较EH组和T2DM组腹内脂肪面积(VA)显著增高(115·6±48·72cm2vs69·96±25·41cm2、55·96±29·75cm2,P均<0·01)。腹内脂肪含量与腹围、体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比、体脂比等均有相关关系,相关程度依次为腹围>BMI>腰臀比>体脂比。不论是根据NCEP-ATPⅢ,还是亚太地区界定腹型肥胖的标准,腹型肥胖患者腹内脂肪面积均高于非腹型肥胖患者。腹内脂肪含量与血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯无显著相关,而与HDL-C呈负相关(r=-0·202,=0·036),与LDL-C呈正相关(r=0·297,P=0·002);与收缩压及舒张压均有显著相关。腹内脂肪面积与胰岛素水平呈正相关,同时胰岛素抵抗患者的腹内脂肪面积和内/壁比均显著高于非胰岛素抵抗患者。腹内脂肪增加与其他心血管危险因素如C反应蛋白(CRP)、血清尿酸及血液流变学指标异常等均有显著相关性。结论腹内脂肪含量增加与代谢综合征及其各单一成分疾病密切相关,腹部脂肪堆积预示了心血管危险因素的增加。NCEP-ATPⅢ界定腹型肥胖的标准同样适用于中国重庆本地人群。     

代谢综合征大鼠模型的建立及其相关基因表达变化的研究

目的建立与人类代谢综合征(MS)相似的大鼠模型,并分析其相关基因的表达变化。方法雄性8周龄Wistar大鼠30只随机分为普通膳食对照组(NC组)和高脂高盐膳食组(MS组)。喂养期间对大鼠体重、血压、空腹血糖(FPG)、血脂、胰岛素水平等进行连续监测;24周喂养结束进行高胰岛素-正常血糖钳夹试验和腹腔注射糖耐量试验,检测颈动脉血压,测量内脏脂肪重量;取其白色脂肪(肠系膜)、棕色脂肪和骨骼肌组织,以RT-PCR法检测胰岛素敏感组织基因表达变化。结果MS组体重、内脏脂肪、血压、血浆甘油三酯(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)与NC组比较显著增加(P<0·05或P<0·01),且存在严重的胰岛素抵抗[GIR:1·26±0·82mg/(kg·min)vs7·03±1·68mg/(kg·min),P<0·01]和糖耐量减退,表现为典型的MS特征;胰岛素敏感组织基因检测结果显示,与NC组比较,MS组与糖脂代谢和能量代谢相关的23种基因的mRNA表达水平在白色脂肪(肠系膜)、棕色脂肪和骨骼肌组织中多数变化显著。结论长期高脂和高盐饮食喂养可诱导类似于人类MS的基本临床特征大鼠模型,其机制可能与高脂摄入导致大鼠胰岛素敏感组织的糖脂代谢和能量代谢相关基因的变化有关。     

16排CT检测糖尿病患者腹部脂肪的初步研究

目的 评价16排CT在糖尿病患者腹部脂肪检测中的作用.方法 用16排CT对糖尿病患者(糖尿病组,n=40例)和正常人群(对照组,n=40例)进行腹部脂肪扫描,应用16排CT测量研究对象脐上下2.5 cm腹部脂肪体积(VAA)、内脏脂肪(VVA)、腹壁脂肪(VSA)体积、内脏脂肪(VA)和腹壁脂肪(SA)面积,并计算出二者比值(内/壁比),比较2组间的差异.结果 糖尿病组VAA、VVA、VSA、VA、SA、VVA/VSA和VA/SA均明显高于对照组(P均<0.05).结论糖尿病患者存在腹部脂肪堆积.     

骨质疏松老年妇女腰椎骨密度及结构的多层螺旋CT研究

目的评价容积性定量CT(vQCT)技术测量的腰椎骨密度(BMD)参数区分骨质疏松性椎体骨折与无骨折老年妇女的能力,对骨质疏松老年妇女腰椎结构与正常老年妇女进行比较。方法将有骨质疏松脊椎骨折的26例老年妇女归为第1组,选择年龄与其相匹配的无脊椎骨折的30例骨质疏松妇女归为第2组。应用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对56例病人腰椎L1、L2椎体行容积扫描,在横断面影像中经传统的QCT法测量L1、L2小梁骨BMD(2D-TRAB)、整体骨BMD(2D-INTGL);在经计算机工作站行容积再现(VR)三维处理的影像中应用直方图功能测量L1、L2椎体整体骨BMD(3D-INTGL)、皮质骨BMD(3D-CORT)、小梁骨BMD(3D-TRAB)。双能X线吸收仪(DXA)测量参数为腰椎正位BMD(AP-SPINE)、腰椎正位表观BMD(BMAD)。比较2组老年妇女间上述7组的BMD值。另对10例2D-TRAB正常的老年妇女在VR像中测量L1椎体中部边长为20mm的正方体内骨小梁容积比值,并与在56例妇女中随机选取的10例的数值比较。结果DXA测量中AP-SPINE、BMAD在第1组妇女为(0·796±0·170)g/cm2、(272·7±27·7)mg/cm3,与第2组妇女(0·817±0·140)g/cm2、(249·5±26·5)mg/cm3之间差异无统计学意义;vQCT中第1组的2D-TRAB为(70·4±22·2)mg/cm3、2D-INTGL为(138·3±35·1)mg/cm3、3D-INTGL为(139·4±34·9)mg/cm3、3D-CORT为(133·8±26·9)mg/cm3、3D-TRAB为(69·9±18·6)mg/cm3,比第2组数值(89·1±21·8)mg/cm3、(170·6±34·5)mg/cm3、(180·5±28·2)mg/cm3、(163·2±27·5)mg/cm3、(83·8±17·1)mg/cm3下降18%~23%。10例骨质疏松老年妇女L1椎体骨小梁容积比值为(8·12±1·96)%,明显低于正常老年妇女的(39·13±2·15)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0·01)。结论MSCT中vQCT参数区分骨质疏松性椎体骨折与无骨折老年妇女的能力优于DXA,三维重组影像显示的骨质疏松老年妇女椎体骨小梁容积明显低于正常老年妇女。     

高血压患者腹型肥胖类型与室间隔肥厚的关系研究

目的明确高血压患者腹部脂肪堆积与心脏重塑之间的关系。方法 2006年1月-2008年12月收治的高血压患者380例,男198例,女182例,年龄21～83岁,采用螺旋CT进行腹部脂肪扫描,测量腹部内脏脂肪面积(VA)及腹壁脂肪面积(SA),同时测量血压、腰围(WC)、体重指数(BMI)、心脏室间隔厚度(IVST)。根据VA和WC测量结果,将380例患者分为真性腹型肥胖组(VFO,n=128),假性腹型肥胖组(Pseudo-VFO,n=83),隐性腹型肥胖组(MVFO,n=68)及非肥胖组(Non-obesity,n=101)4组。根据IVST将患者分为IVST正常组和IVST增厚组。根据腹部脂肪测量结果将患者分为VA正常组和VA堆积组。分析不同组间IVST、SA、VA、VA/SA、WC、BMI的差异。结果 IVST增厚组WC、VA、BMI、VA/SA明显高于IVST正常组,而SA明显低于IVST正常组(P<0.05)。VA堆积组IVST、WC、BMI、VA、VA/SA明显高于VA正常组,而SA明显低于VA正常组(P<0.05)。真性腹型肥胖组IVST、VA明显高于假性腹型肥胖组、隐性腹型肥胖组及非肥胖组(P<0.05),而VA/SA比值低于隐性腹型肥胖组;隐性腹型肥胖组IVST、VA明显高于假性腹型肥胖组、非肥胖组(P<0.05);假性腹型肥胖组SA高于真性腹型肥胖组、隐性腹型肥胖和非肥胖组(P<0.05),而其IVST与非肥胖组比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。Logistic相关分析显示,VA/SA、VA、WC是导致IVST增厚的危险因素。结论隐性腹型肥胖与高血压患者室间隔肥厚明显相关。VA/SA是室间隔肥厚的重要危险因素。     

阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆的胼胝体MR定量研究

目的　比较MR影像上阿尔茨海默病 (Alzheimer′sdisease ,AD)组、血管性痴呆 (vasculardementia ,VD)组、正常对照 (normalcontrol,NC)组胼胝体面积及胼胝体不同部位的厚度 ,为进一步探讨AD、VD的发病机理提供参考。方法　本研究 70例中AD 2 6例 ,VD 14例 ,年龄匹配的正常对照 3 0例。行磁共振扫描 ,取T1WI正中矢状面测量胼胝体面积及胼胝体前、前中、中、中后、后 5个部位的厚度。结果　AD组与VD组及NC组胼胝体标准化面积分别为 :(3 5 5± 0 5 2 )cm2 ;(3 48± 0 90 )cm2 ;(4 2 3± 0 43 )cm2 。AD组与VD组及NC组胼胝体前、前中、中、中后、后 5个部位标准化厚度分别为 :AD (5 3 4± 1 14)mm ,VD (5 5 3± 1 86)mm ,NC (7 0 6± 1 11)mm ;AD (2 5 3± 0 62 )mm ,VD (2 5 3±0 86)mm ,NC (3 46± 0 66)mm ;AD (2 85± 0 5 4)mm ,VD (2 84± 1 0 4)mm ,NC (3 5 4± 0 61)mm ;AD (2 0 1± 0 5 0 )mm ,VD (1 90± 0 72 )mm ,NC (2 49± 0 65 )mm ;AD (5 46± 0 96)mm ,VD (5 2 2±1 40 )mm ,NC (6 82± 1 0 2 )mm。AD组与VD组胼胝体前、前中、中、中后、后 5个部位的萎缩率分别为 :AD (2 4 3 6± 16 13 ) % ,VD (2 1 70± 2 6 3 5 ) % ;AD (2 6 75± 17 97) % ,VD (2 6 78± 2 4     

24小时平均脉压和诊所脉压对高血压病患者左室结构的影响

目的　探讨并比较 2 4h平均脉压和诊所脉压对高血压病患者左室结构的影响。方法　选择4 33名初诊的轻 -中度高血压病患者 ,所有入选病例测量非同日 3次诊所血压 ,进行 2 4h动态血压监测和超声心动图检查。①根据 2 4h平均脉压水平分为 4组 ,即A组 :2 4hPP <4 0mmHg ;B组 :4 0mmHg≤ 2 4hPP <5 0mmHg ;C组 :5 0mmHg≤ 2 4hPP <6 0mmHg ;D组 :2 4hPP≥ 6 0mmHg。②根据诊所脉压水平分为 4组 ,即A组 :CPP <4 0mmHg ;B组 :4 0mmHg≤CPP <5 0mmHg ;C组 :5 0mmHg≤CPP <6 0mmHg ;D组 :CPP≥6 0mmHg。③根据左室重量指数 (leftventricularmassindex ,LVMI)分为左室肥厚组和无左室肥厚组。结果　 2 4h收缩压、2 4h平均脉压、诊所收缩压和诊所脉压均与LVMI显著相关 (r =0 .339、0 .2 79、0 .2 2 1、0 .15 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,并且 2 4h血压参数与LVMI的相关性明显强于诊所血压参数 ;收缩压和脉压均表现为左室肥厚组显著高于无左室肥厚组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,而舒张压在各组之间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;与左室结构正常组比较 ,向心性肥厚组的平均年龄最大 (5 3.3± 8.7比 4 8.1± 8.6 ,P <0 .0 0 1) ,而且高血压病史最长 (72 .4±10 7.8比 32 .1± 5 5 .2 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　脉压升高是高血压病患者左室肥厚及左室结     

失血性休克大鼠血管平滑肌细胞钙超载的三磷酸腺苷酶机制

目的　探讨失血性休克大鼠血管平滑肌细胞 (VSMC)钙超载的三磷酸腺苷 (ATP)酶机制。　方法　雄性Wistar大鼠 2 4只 ,随机分为对照组 (C组 )、休克开始组 (S0组 )、休克后 2 ,4h组 (分别为S2和S4组 ) ,每组 6只。以改良Wigger法 ,即股动脉插管放血并维持血压 4 0mmHg 2h建立失血性休克大鼠模型 ,观察休克后大鼠VSMC胞浆游离钙离子浓度及细胞膜、线粒体膜Ca2 +-ATPase ,Na+ -K+ -ATPase活性变化。　结果　C、S0、S2、S4组VSMC胞浆游离Ca2 + 浓度平均通道荧光对数值分别为 2 .0 3± 0 .15、2 .37± 0 .32、2 .5 5± 0 .4 6、2 .80± 0 .4 3,呈休克时间依赖性升高 ,S0组显著大于C组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,S2、S4组非常显著地大于C组 (P <0 .0 1)。细胞膜Ca2 + -ATPase活性 :C组为 (36 .0± 7.2 ) μmol·mg- 1 ·h- 1 ;S0组 [(35 .3± 8.5 ) μmol·mg- 1 ·h- 1 ]与C组比较 ,差异无显著性意义 ;S2、S4组分别为 (2 6 .5± 6 .9)、(2 4 .3± 4 .7) μmol·mg- 1 ·h- 1 ,均显著低于C组 (P <0 .0 5和P<0 .0 1) ;细胞膜Na+ -K+ -ATPase活性 :C组为 (34.0± 5 .8) μmol·mg- 1 ·h- 1 ;S0、S2组分别为 (37.3± 6 .9)、(32 .2± 6 .3) μmol·mg- 1 ·h- 1 ,与C组比较 ,差异无显著性意义 ;S4组为 (2 7.0±4 .9) μmol·     

高血压合并糖尿病的载脂蛋白E基因多态性及血脂异常

目的探讨高血压合并糖尿病(essentialhypertensioncomplicatedwithdiabetesmellitus,EH+DM)的载脂蛋白E(apolipoproteinE,ApoE)基因多态性及血脂异常之间的关联。方法将203例原发性高血压(essentialhypertension,EH)、糖尿病(diabetesmellitus,DM)或原发性高血压合并糖尿病的患者分为研究组(EH+DM,n=75)和对照组(EHn=102;DMn=26),采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)确定特定ApoE片段基因型。结果(1)(EH+DM)组ApoE的ε4等位基因频率显著高于EH组(18.7%vs9.3%,P<0.01)。(2)而HDL-C(highdensitylipoprotiencholesterol)明显低于EH组(1.26±0.39vs1.08±0.27,P<0.01);(EH+DM)组的HDL-C也低于(DM)组(P<0.05)。结论ApoE基因的ε4等位基因是(EH+DM)危险因子,HDL-C是(EH+DM)脂质代谢中最重要的指标。     

阿托伐他汀钙胶囊的人体生物等效性研究

目的评价国产阿托伐他汀钙胶囊与进口阿托伐汀钙片剂(立普妥片)的生物等效性。方法22名男性健康志愿者,采用随机、单剂量、自身交叉对照试验设计,空腹口服国产阿托伐他汀钙胶囊和立普妥片20mg,分别于服药前及服药后各时间点采集血样,用LC/MS/MS法测定血浆中阿托伐他汀的浓度,并计算Cmax、Tmax、T1/2、AUC(0-t)、AUC(0-∞)等相关参数,利用方差分析及双单侧t检验判断2种制剂是否具有生物等效性。结果口服阿托伐他汀钙受试及参比制剂后,血浆中阿托伐他汀的Cmax分别为7.98±3.25、8.47±3.36μg·L-1;Tmax分别为1.37±0.64、1.20±1.01h;T1/2分别为10.64±3.21、10.01±1.81h;AUC(0-t)分别为52.70±13.79、51.83±17.52μg·L-1·h;AUC(0-∞)分别为55.45±14.66、54.09±17.79μg·L-1·h;2组参数均无统计学差异(P>0.05);受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(106.0±23.8)%。结论国产阿托伐他汀钙胶囊与进口立普妥片剂具有生物等效性。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.