精神分裂症患儿与正常儿童洛夏测验结果对照研究

目的：探讨精神分裂症儿童的洛夏反应特征。方法：１３～１５岁精神分裂症住院儿童每年龄组３０名分别与同年龄正常儿童３０名在洛夏反应的２５个指标上进行对照比较。结果：精神分裂症儿童反应总时间、形状质量显著低于正常儿童。此外,精神分裂症儿童在部分反应部位、部分决定因素以及反应内容上与正常儿童有显著差异。结论：精神分裂症儿童的洛夏反应特征有别于正常儿童。     

A Global Perspective on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among People Living with HIV/AIDS in the Era of Antiretroviral Treatment

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a popular adjunct to conventional medicine across medical populations, and is particularly relevant in the global HIV epidemic. Use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treat HIV is ubiquitous in high-resource areas and efforts to increase coverage in low-resource areas are underway. To better understand the role of CAM in HIV treatment and the implications of CAM use for ART uptake and adherence, we review international research published between 2007 and 2011. Findings confirm that CAM is commonly used as an adjunct to ART; however, in countries where ART is less accessible, many HIV-positive individuals take a pluralistic approach to health care, incorporating both traditional and, when available, conventional medicine. The reviewed studies provide no consensus on whether the use of CAM interferes with ART uptake or adherence; instead, research suggests that illness-related behaviors are driven by multiple factors and determined, at least in part, by the availability and accessibility of ART.     

认识领悟疗法治疗强迫性注意障碍

目的　探讨认识领悟疗法对强迫性注意障碍的治疗作用。方法　按照钟友彬教授认识领悟疗法的原理、方法和步骤 ,对患者实施认识领悟治疗 ,不用任何药物。结果　患者的强迫性注意障碍得以治愈。结论　使用认识领悟疗法治疗强迫性注意障碍有效     

The Effect of Short Sleep Duration on Coronary Heart Disease Risk is Greatest Among Those with Sleep Disturbance: A Prospective Study from the Whitehall II Cohort

Study Objectives:

Short sleep duration is associated with increased CHD (coronary heart disease) mortality and morbidity, although some evidence suggests that sleep disturbance is just as important. We investigated whether a combination of short sleep duration and sleep disturbance is associated with a higher risk of CHD than their additive effects.

Setting:

The Whitehall II study.

Patients or Participants:

The Whitehall II study recruited 10,308 participants from 20 civil service departments in London, England. Participants were between the ages of 35 and 55 years at baseline (1985-1988) and were followed up for an average of 15 years.

Interventions:

N/A.

Measurements:

Sleep hours and sleep disturbance (from the General Heath Questionnaire-30) were obtained from the baseline survey. CHD events included fatal CHD deaths or incident nonfatal myocardial infarction or angina (ICD-9 codes 410-414 or ICD-10 I20-25).

Results:

Short sleep duration and sleep disturbance were both associated with increased hazards for CHD in women as well as in men, although, after we adjusted for confounders, only those reporting sleep disturbance had a raised risk. There was some evidence for an interaction between sleep duration and sleep disturbance. Participants with short sleep duration and restless disturbed nights had the highest hazard ratios (HR) of CHD (relative risk:1.55, 95% confidence interval:1.33-1.81). Among participants who did not report any sleep disturbance, there was little evidence that short sleep hours increased CHD risk.

Conclusion:

The effect of short sleep (≤ 6 hours) on increasing CHD risk is greatest among those who reported some sleep disturbance. However, among participants who did not report any sleep disturbance, there was little evidence that short sleep hours increased CHD risk.

Citation:

Chandola T; Ferrie JE; Perski A; Akbaraly T; Marmot MG. The effect of short sleep duration on coronary heart disease risk is greatest among those with sleep disturbance: a prospective study from the Whitehall II cohort. SLEEP 2010;33(6):739-744