Periprosthetic femoral fractures after total hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: The management of periprosthetic fracture following a total hip arthroplasty is difficult, requiring expertise in both trauma and revision surgery. With rising numbers of patients in the population living with hip prostheses in situ, the frequency of these fractures is increasing, and controversy remains over their ideal management. The objective of this study was to review all periprosthetic fractures at a single institution to identify injury and treatment patterns and their associated clinical outcomes. METHODS: Fifty-four periprosthetic fractures in 50 patients were reviewed to determine the relative frequency of fracture types, their complication rates and the clinical outcomes. Patient data were obtained through review of the clinical notes and individual patient follow up. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Oxford Hip Score and Harris Hip Score. RESULTS: The 54 fractures were classified using the Vancouver system, most of which were type B1 (20) or type B2 (10). The mean time to union for all fracture types was 4.6 months. A high non-union rate was seen among fractures fixed operatively. Fifteen per cent of fractures went on to develop loosening following treatment, suggesting an underrecognition at the time of injury. The average Harris Hip Score was 73.1 and Oxford Hip Score 30.3 for all fracture types at a mean follow up of 3.3 years. In the 15 patients treated with revision surgery, the most common complication was dislocation (27%). CONCLUSION: Treatment of patients with periprosthetic fractures requires recognition of the challenging nature of these injuries, the associated poor prognosis and the high complication rate.     

A custom coupling device of total knee and ipsilateral total hip arthroplasties after distal femoral fracture

The treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures around long-stemmed hip implants is an orthopedic challenge, which may be complicated by the presence or need for a total knee arthroplasty. Treatment of this fracture when the proximal implant is well fixed and a distal implant is required poses ongoing challenges. Traditional plating and allograft struts have produced variable results, particularly in osteoporotic bone, where incidence of nonunion is greater. Thus, we report a custom interlocking device, which couples the stem of the fixed proximal implant to a new stemmed total knee prosthesis, resulting in the expedited restoration of functionality and fracture union.     

Periprosthetic femoral supracondylar fracture after total knee arthroplasty with navigation system

We report 1 patient with a supracondylar periprosthetic fracture 1 month after computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty. The fracture line extended from previous anchoring pinholes into the supracondyle area. Intramedullary nailing of the left femur was performed under close reduction. The possible complication of pinhole fracture to total knee arthroplasty with navigation system should be kept in mind.     

Treatment of periprosthetic femoral fracture after cementless total hip arthroplasty with Ilizarov external fixation

A 72-year-old woman with periprosthetic femoral fracture after cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) underwent external fixation using the Ilizarov method. Although open reduction and internal fixation with a condylar plate system were initially attempted, deep infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the fracture site occurred 2 weeks postoperatively. Six weeks after removal of the plating system, the fracture was stabilized with external fixation using the Ilizarov method and went on to successful fusion at 3 months. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which Ilizarov external fixation has been used for periprosthetic femoral fracture after THA. Although this is a rare situation, where periprosthetic fracture and infection coexist, Ilizarov external fixation is a safe and reliable method for periprosthetic femoral fracture with infection.     

Larger femoral periprosthetic bone mineral density decrease following total hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fracture than for osteoarthritis: A prospective,observational cohort study

Studies on patients with degenerative joint disease of the hip show that femoral periprosthetic bone mineral decreases following total hip arthroplasty. Scarcely any osteodensitometric data exist on femoral neck fracture (FNF) patients and periprosthetic bone remodelling. In two parallel cohorts we enrolled 87 patients (mean age, 72 ± 12 years; male:female ratio, 30:57) undergoing total hip arthroplasty for either primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip (n = 37) or for an acute FNF (n = 50) and followed them for a mean of 5.4 years. Outcomes were bone mineral density (BMD) changes in the periprosthetic Gruen zones 1–7, the incidence of periprosthetic fractures and clinical outcome. The bone mineral loss in the fracture group was more than twice that of the osteoarthritis group, ?16.9% versus ?6.8% (p = 0.004). The incidence of periprosthetic fractures was 12% (6/50) in the fracture cohort compared with none (0%) in the OA cohort (p = 0.03). Periprosthetic bone mineral loss following total hip arthroplasty is significantly greater in patients who are treated for acute FNF than in OA patients. This decrease of BMD follows a different pattern with the FNF patients losing larger proportions of bone in Gruen zones 1, 2, 6, and 7 while the OA patients tend to have larger losses only in zones 1 and 7. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:504–512, 2015.

     

Frequency and associated factor of atypical periprosthetic femoral fracture after hip arthroplasty

BackgroundAtypical femoral fracture (AFF) is a serious complication after the use of bisphosphonates, and periprosthetic femoral fracture (PFF) appeared as a common complication after hip arthroplasty, especially in senile patients. Although American Society for Bone and Mineral Research has excluded PFFs from the definition of AFFs, several case reports found PFF patients undergoing bisphosphonate treatment, have fractures resembling AFF and the authors suggested that AFF can also occur in operated femurs after hip arthroplasty. To date, the frequency and risk factors of atypical PFF are unknown. The purpose of our study was (1) to evaluate the proportion of atypical PFF among Vancouver type B PFFs, and (2) to determine the association between occurrence of atypical PFF and use of bisphosphonate.MethodsWe reviewed medical records and radiographs of 67 Vancouver type B PFFs (67 patients) due to low-energy trauma and classified them into atypical PFF group and ordinary PFF group. We calculated the proportion of atypical PFFs among PFFs and identified risk factors for atypical PFF.ResultsAmong the 67 PFFs, 7 fractures (10.4%) were classified as atypical PFF. Longer duration of bisphosphonate use was an independent risk factor of atypical PFF. (Odds ratio 2.600, 95% CI 1.184–5.709, p = 0.017).ConclusionIn accordance with wide use of bisphosphonate, atypical PFFs after hip arthroplasty are not rare anymore. Physicians should suspect the atypical PFF, when they meet low-energy fracture in bisphosphonate users, and radiographs show features of AFF.     

Alumina femoral head fracture in uncemented total hip arthroplasty with a ceramic sandwich cup

In total hip arthroplasty, insertion of a UHMWPE-coated ceramic sandwich liner dramatically reduces any risk related to the stiffness of the ceramic-ceramic coupling. We present a case of an alumina ceramic head fracture with a ceramic sandwich cup. The fracture occurred 16 months after the initial operation, without trauma. Impingement between the neck and posteroinferior portion of the liner rim had occurred. This was related to the traditional cross-legged sitting position of Koreans, which caused impingement between the neck and liner rim. Consequently, the taper became loose, and the resulting force bent the taper and fractured the head. We examined a peculiar case of ceramic femoral head fracture after implantation of an uncemented total hip arthroplasty with a ceramic sandwich cup and investigated the underlying cause.     

Catastrophic failure of modular Zirconia—Ceramic femoral head components after total hip arthroplasty

Catastrophic failure of two zirconia—ceramic modular femoral heads occurred, despite the theoretical improved toughness of zirconia—ceramic relative to alumina—ceramic. This experience led the authors to return to cobalt—chromium as the metal of choice for articulation against polyethylene in total hip arthroplasty.     

Temporary total hip arthroplasty-like spacer for treating an infected periprosthetic femoral fracture using a long stem: A case report

IntroductionInfected periprosthetic femoral fractures are among the most complex and significant complications of total hip arthroplasty (THA). We report the novel use of a temporary THA-like spacer for treating an infected periprosthetic femoral fracture after revision surgery using a long stem.Case presentationWe present a 72-year-old woman sustained a left infected periprosthetic femoral fracture after revi - streptococci in the culture sample. On suspicion of a periprosthetic joint infection, we planned a two-stage procedure. We used a temporary THA-like spacer comprising the removed femoral long stem, which was autoclaved and then reimplanted, and applied a new polyethylene acetabular liner. Both components were cemented in place with antibioticloaded bone cement, without applying strong pressure. Pain control waseasily achieved postoperatively because the fracture had been stabilized early. The THA-like spacer was stable, and allowed a good range of motion without pain. She was allowed to move with a wheelchair and was walk with partial weight bearing without pain. Seven week after the initial THAlike spacer placement, we performed a revision THA after successful control of infection. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient remained free of infection.ConclusionsTemporary antibiotic-loaded cement-coated THA-like spacer using a long stem facilitated the eradication of infection, fracture stabilization, and enables partial weight bearing without pain.     

Conversion of failed proximal femoral internal fixation to total hip arthroplasty in osteopetrotic bone

Osteopetrosis is a rare disease. When fractures are encountered, fixation is extremely difficult. A 38-year-old man with osteopetrosis who sustained a displaced Pauwels type IV fracture with 3 failed internal fixations required total hip arthroplasty. Two main problems were perceived during preoperative planning: the removal of failed and broken metalwork and reaming of the tight intramedullary canal to allow seating of the femoral stem. We present technical solutions to aid the surgeon in the management of this difficult type of case using custom-made tungsten carbide instrumentation.     

髋关节置换术后同侧股骨骨折的治疗

目的探讨髋关节置换术后同侧股骨骨折的治疗方法及效果。方法24例髋关节置换术后股骨再骨折患者中,13例采用记忆合金环抱器治疗;股骨远端骨折8例,采用逆行带锁髓内针治疗4例,股骨远端支持钢板治疗4例;3例保守治疗。结果24例患者随访10个月~4年,所有患者均获骨性愈合,假体稳定,无X线松动表现,无感染、骨不连、再骨折及内固定断裂等并发症,手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合。结论假体部及假体远端骨折采用记忆合金环抱器治疗固定可靠,骨折愈合好。     

Locked inferior fracture dislocation after total hip arthroplasty

Acetabular fracture in conjunction with dislocation after total hip arthroplasty is a rarely reported event. We describe such a case with a unique fracture dislocation pattern, whereby the prosthetic femoral component dislocated inferiorly, fracturing the pelvis, and was locked in this position. The patient was treated with closed reduction under anesthesia and the fracture healed without further surgical intervention. However, she has experienced subsequent instability episodes and we have recommended revision surgery.     

一期人工全髋关节置换治疗股骨头粉碎性骨折

目的探讨一期人工全髋关节置换治疗股骨头粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法对11例股骨头粉碎性骨折患者行人工全髋关节置换术。结果11例均获随访,时间3～41（28±4.5）个月。6例基本达到骨折前的状况,5例生活基本自理。根据Harris评分标准：优（93±2.6分）6例,良（86±2.2分）5例。结论一期人工全髋关节置换治疗股骨头粉碎性骨折患者疗效满意,可减少并发症,改善生活质量。     

Distal Femoral Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Periprosthetic Fractures After Total Knee Arthroplasty

Periprosthetic fractures after total knee arthroplasty present substantial challenge if associated with poor bone stock, fracture comminution, and loose or damaged components. Revision total knee arthroplasty with distal femoral arthroplasty is often necessary in these injuries. We reviewed 20 patients (22 knees) with a mean age of 69.5 years who underwent revision with distal femoral arthroplasty fracture. Patients were followed for an average of 58.6 months. At the latest follow-up, the mean Knee Society knee and functional score were 82.8 and 40, and the Short Form 36 mean physical functioning and mental functioning scores were 55.8 and 65.6, respectively. There were 10 postoperative complications with 5 patients requiring additional surgery. Distal femoral arthroplasty seems to be a viable option for complex periprosthetic femoral fractures after total knee arthroplasty. However, considering the relatively high rate of complications, this procedure should be reserved for patients where alternative treatments are not possible.     

应用Corail柄行全髋置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的中期随访

[目的]评价应用Corail羟基磷灰石全涂层股骨柄假体行全髋置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的中期疗效,并初步观察Corail假体在国人股骨髓腔中的下沉规律。[方法]对本院于2006年5月~2008年2月采用Corail假体行全髋置换术治疗的64例(64髋)老年股骨颈骨折患者病例资料进行回顾性分析。骨折Garden分型:Ⅲ型37例,Ⅳ型27例。所有患者于术前、术后行X线片,观察假体初始位置及下沉、应力遮挡性骨吸收、透亮区、骨溶解、异位骨化,按Engh标准评定假体的生物学固定,按Gruen法描述股骨柄分区,按Brooker标准对异位骨化进行分级。[结果]本组64例患者中,6例于术后3个月内失访,其余58例均获得5年以上(5.5~7.5)年随访,平均6.7年。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染及血管、神经损伤并发症。其中,1例下肢深静脉血栓及1例术后髋关节脱位均经保守治疗后痊愈,3例出现BrookerⅠ级异位骨化,无特殊不适。随访末按Engh标准评定,58例假体均稳定,其中骨性固定53例(91.4%),纤维性固定5例(8.6%)。以Corail假体的无菌性松动和任何原因导致的翻修作为终点事件进行评估,随访末假体生存率为100%。患者髋关节功能从术前Harris评分平均47.5分改善至术后1年的平均89.1分及末次随访的平均90.4分,术后1年及末次随访时评分均优于术前,比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访末患者SF-36评分结果仅生理职能、活力得分较参考值低外,其余各项得分与参考值比较差异均无统计学意义。[结论]采用Corail羟基磷灰石全涂层股骨柄假体行全髋置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折能获得良好的假体稳定性,显著改善患者关节功能,并能获得较好的生存质量,且并发症较少,中期疗效满意。同时,Corail柄在国人股骨髓腔中的下沉主要发生于术后6个月内。     

Periprosthetic fracture between a constrained total knee arthroplasty and a long-stem total hip arthroplasty: treatment with a novel device

Supracondylar fracture of the femur occurred in a patient with a well-fixed constrained condylar total knee arthroplasty and an 8-in total hip femoral revision component. This unusual fracture was treated with a novel interpositional femoral intramedullary device that connected the total knee to total hip arthroplasty. The result was good at 5 years, with healed fracture and no loosening or osteolysis of either component.     

Total hip arthroplasty for acute femoral neck fractures using a cementless tapered femoral stem

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration potential and implant-related complications of cementless total hip arthroplasty with a titanium alloy collarless, tapered, wedge-shaped femoral stem with a proximal circumferential plasma-spray coating in patients with acute hip fractures. The cohort consists of 85 patients with a mean age of 78.1 years. The mean duration of follow-up was 3.8 years. Total hip arthroplasty conferred significant improvement in function for all patients. All femoral components were stable with evidence of bone ingrowth (84 hips) or fibrous fixation (1 hip). Mild thigh pain was present in 3 patients. The complications included dislocation (3 cases), intraoperative femoral fracture (2 cases), and periprosthetic femoral fracture in the postoperative period (1 case). There was one reoperation for revision of the femoral component in the patient with a periprosthetic fracture. There were 25 (29%) deaths. Cementless total hip arthroplasty using a tapered proximally coated femoral stem is a viable option for the treatment of a displaced hip fracture and preexistent arthritis.     

全髋与半髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折

2015年3月~2016年2月,我科行全髋与半髋关节置换术治疗36例股骨颈骨折患者,临床效果满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组共36例,男19例,女17例,年龄62~78(68.46±3.69)岁。全髋置换20例,半髋置换16例。骨折Garden分型:Ⅲ型29例,Ⅳ型7例。受伤至手术时间2~5 d。1.2治疗方法硬膜外麻醉下手术。患者侧卧位。按髋关节后外侧切口入路,切开皮肤及阔筋膜,离断部分臀中肌和外旋肌群,充分暴露股骨颈后进行不同术式的髋关节置换。1.2.1半髋关节置换术电摆锯在股骨颈处截骨,保留股骨小转子上沿1.5 cm长度的股骨颈,将股骨头取出后测量最大直径,选用配套股骨头假体备用。扩髓器对股骨端进行扩髓,冲洗髓腔,放置股骨远端塞至假体柄远端2 cm处,调制骨水泥至拉丝状,打入股骨髓腔后装配股骨柄假体,至骨水泥完全硬化后安上股骨柄双极头假体,复位髋关节后未见松动及脱位,放置引流管后逐层关闭切口。术后1 d拔除引流管。     

Introduction of a New Treatment Algorithm Reduces the Number of Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in Elderly Females

BackgroundIncreasing global usage of cementless prostheses in total hip arthroplasty (THA) presents a challenge, especially for elderly patients. To reduce the risk of early periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs), a new treatment algorithm for females older than 60 years undergoing primary THA was introduced. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the new treatment algorithm on the early risk of perioperative and postoperative PFFs and guideline compliance.MethodsA total of 2405 consecutive THAs that underwent primary unilateral THA at our institution were retrospectively identified in the period January 1, 2013-December 31, 2018. A new treatment algorithm was introduced on April 1, 2017 with female patients aged older than 60 years intended to receive cemented femoral components. Before this, all patients were scheduled to receive cementless femoral components. Demographic data, number of perioperative and postoperative PFFs, and surgical compliance were recorded, analyzed, and intergroup differences compared.ResultsThe utilization of cemented components in female patients older than 60 years increased from 12.3% (n = 102) to 82.5% (n = 264). In females older than 60 years, a significant reduction in the risk in early postoperative and intraoperative PFF after introduction of the new treatment algorithm was seen (4.57% vs 1.25%; P = .007 and 2.29% vs 0.31%; P = .02, respectively). Overall risk for postoperative and intraoperative fractures combined was also reduced in the entire cohort (4.1% vs 2.0%; P = .01).ConclusionUse of cemented fixation of the femoral component in female patients older than 60 years significantly reduces the number of PFFs. Our findings support use of cemented femoral fixation in elderly female patients.