浙江省杭州市初中学生吸烟、饮酒及自杀相关行为的调查分析

目的了解浙江省杭州市初中学生吸烟和饮酒行为的情况以及自杀相关问题。方法采用整群抽样方法,抽取杭州市初中生1802人,开展问卷调查。结果 15.7%的学生曾经吸过烟,3.2%的学生在过去30天里曾经吸过香烟;16.4%的学生在过去30天里曾经饮酒。学生吸烟与父母或监护人吸烟有关。在过去12个月中,杭州市初中生自杀意念和自杀计划发生率分别为14.5%和6.9%。其中,女生自杀意念发生率高达16.5%,高于男生的12.4%(P<0.05)。不同年级初中生的自杀意念和自杀计划发生率有所不同,其中初二学生的发生率最高,分别为17.2%和8.4%。结论青少年吸烟饮酒的情况比较普遍,自杀意念和自杀计划发生率也较高,应开展针对性的健康教育,以减少青少年吸烟、饮酒以及自杀相关问题对青少年的危害。     

合肥市中学生危害健康行为5年变化分析

目的掌握合肥市青少年危害健康行为的变化趋势,分析危险因素和保护因素,以便为做好预防干预工作提供科学依据.方法制定"青少年健康与行为问卷",在合肥市城乡各选取3所中学作为青少年危害健康行为的监测点校,分别于1998年和2003年对监测点校每个年级1个班级的学生进行无记名问卷调查.1998年获得有效问卷2044份,2003年获得有效问卷2020份.结果 2003年比1998年有显著性上升的危害健康行为包括:最近1 a到野外游泳多数情况下无大人看护,最近1个月至少有1 d携带刀具、短棒等武器,近1a认真地考虑过自杀(自杀意念)、制定过自杀计划(自杀计划)、有过自杀行为(自杀行动),13岁前吸烟、最近1个月吸过烟、最近1月每天吸烟、规律吸烟,13岁前饮过酒,最近1 a内饮过酒、最近1个月内饮酒、大量饮酒、饮酒呕吐,最近7 d无大强度运动、7 d内无持续走路/骑车30min以上,认为体重超重或肥胖、节食减肥、饭后催吐等,试图戒烟.结论与美国中学生多数危害健康行为的下降趋势不同,合肥市中学生危害健康行为呈上升趋势.     

四川省城市中学生伤害相关行为现况及其影响因素

目的了解四川省城市青少年伤害相关行为现况及其影响因素,为开展相应干预提供依据。方法用多阶段抽样方法,抽取四川省城市中学生6911名,用中国青少年健康危险行为调查问卷进行调查。结果四川省城市中学生骑车违章、打架、自杀意念、感到绝望、到非安全场所游泳、受欺侮、计划自杀、步行过马路违章、尝试自杀的报告率分别为45.5%,33.2%,27.9%,20.2%,14.8%,14.5%,11.2%,7.0%,4.4%。学生伤害相关行为的主要影响因素有曾使用过毒品、尝试吸烟、尝试饮酒、学习成绩和城市经济水平。结论四川省城市中学生伤害相关行为现况较严重。应对青少年开展预防伤害健康教育,尽早对低年级学生进行预防暴力干预;有吸毒、吸烟及饮酒等不良习惯的青少年群体应作为重点干预对象。     

北京市延庆县青少年伤害相关危险行为调查

目的探讨北京市延庆县青少年伤害相关危险行为流行病学现状,为今后实施有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法按照分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取初中、高中、中等职业技术学校和大学共8所学校的2129名学生作为研究对象,调查与伤害有关的危险行为。结果50．9％的学生骑自行车违反交通规则,8．6％的学生到非安全场所游泳,19．1％的学生曾经与人打架,8．5％的学生有自杀意念,27．3％的学生有离家出走意念。男生骑车违反交通规则、到非安全场所游泳以及动手打架等行为的发生率高于女生,初二学生自杀意念的发生率高于其他年级。结论青少年中存在多种容易导致伤害的行为,应针对不同性别和不同类别学校学生伤害发生特点,开展早期安全教育和心理健康教育,以减少伤害的发生。     

四川青少年危害健康行为调查

目的探讨四川青少年伤害相关危险行为流行病学现状,为今后实施有效干预措施提供科学依据。方法按照分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取初中、高中共38所学校的6911名学生作为研究对象,调查与伤害有关的危险行为。结果 45.4%的学生骑自行车违反交通规则,12.6%的学生到非安全场所游泳,33.2%的学生曾经与人打架,27.9%的学生有自杀意念,7.2%的学生有离家出走意念。男生骑车违反交通规则、到非安全场所游泳以及动手打架等行为的发生率高于女生,初、高中女学生自杀意念的发生率较高。结论易导致青少年伤害的行为较多,应针对不同性别和不同类型学校学生伤害发生特点,开展早期安全教育和心理健康教育等干预措施,以减少伤害的发生。     

中山市在校青少年健康危险行为现况

目的 了解中山市在校青少年健康危险行为流行现状,为制定相应干预措施提供依据.方法 分层整群抽取中山市6所全日制学校在校中学生和大学生1329名,采用广东省青少年健康相关行为调查问卷进行调查.结果 过去1a里,9.6％的学生有打架行为;6.1％的学生有自伤行为;7.1％考虑过自杀,4.0％计划过自杀,1.5％曾采取措施自杀;29.7％想过离家出走;5.8％的学生曾离家出走.过去30d里,7.9％的学生骑车闯红灯,36.5％骑车带人,54.6％步行乱穿马路.过去1a里,11.3％的学生到无安全防范措施的场所游泳;7.1％到菲安全场所滑冰.有吸烟和饮酒史的学生分别为26.5％,68.6％,初次吸烟和饮酒年龄≤11岁的学生分别占10.0％和17.1％.过去7d内上网≥4 h/d的学生占17.5％,22.7％希望增加上网时间,14.8％想停止上网却不能自控;16.6％的学生观看过色情书籍和制品,高中以上学生有性行为史的占7.9％.结论 应加强健康教育,采取综合干预措施,提高在校青少年的整体健康水平.     

抑郁、焦虑症状与中学生多种危害健康行为

目的分析合肥市城乡中学生抑郁、焦虑症状的影响因素及其与危害健康行为的关系.方法参考美国CDC(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention)的青少年危害健康行为监测(YRBS)问卷,编制了"青少年健康行为问卷",对合肥市城乡中学生3127名进行无记名调查.运用x2检验分析具有不同人口统计学特征中学生的抑郁、焦虑症状检出率及其分布差异,运用多因素Logistic回归模型分析抑郁、焦虑心理症状与危害健康行为的关系.结果在控制了性别、父母亲文化程度等社会统计学变量后,抑郁症状是打架、自杀意念、每天吸烟、1 a内喝过酒、大量饮酒、7 d内无大强度运动、饭后催吐、节食、少吃蔬菜、上网时间过长、见过毒品的危险因素.焦虑症状是打架、自杀意念、每天吸烟、喝过酒、大量饮酒、节食、饭后催吐、上网时间过长、见过毒品的危险因素.结论青少年的抑郁与焦虑症状是多种危害健康行为的危险因素.     

13岁前吸烟饮酒与中学生多种危害健康行为的关系

目的探讨13岁前吸烟、饮酒行为与中学时期多种危害健康行为的关系,以便为制定青少年危害健康行为的早期干预措施提供参考依据.方法采用修订的美国疾病控制中心(CDC)青少年危险行为监测问卷(YBBS)对3 127名合肥市城乡中学生进行无记名调查,问卷包括34项危害健康行为和9项社会人口统计学变量.结果中学生13岁以前吸烟率为9.7%,13岁以前的饮酒率为45.7%.13岁前吸烟的中学生,打架、自杀意念、每天吸烟、1 a内喝过酒、大量饮酒、上网时间过长、见过毒品、曾有性行为8项危害健康行为报告率高于对照组,差异有显著意义;13岁前饮酒中学生的打架、自杀意念、每天吸烟、1 a内喝过酒、大量饮酒、少食蔬菜、上网时间过长、见过毒品、曾有性行为等9项危害健康行为报告率高于对照组,差异有显著性.结论 13岁之前有吸烟或饮酒行为的中学生同时存在其他多种危害健康行为,避免儿童青少年早期接触烟酒对预防青少年时期多种危害健康行为有积极意义.     

广州二所高校大学生吸烟饮酒行为的研究

目的了解大学生吸烟、饮酒行为现状及特征，有目的地开展高校健康教育。方法随机抽取广州2所高校1245名大学生进行健康相关行为调查。结果①大生尝试吸烟率为53．7％，近期吸烟率15．3％，7．9％的学生〈10岁就尝试过吸烟。②94．5％的学生曾经喝过酒，45．4％的学生有近期饮酒，27．6％的学生〈12岁开始饮酒，有4．1％的学生有近一年因饮酒而受伤。③在吸烟、饮酒这两项行为上均显示男生高于女生的倾向，体育专业大学生吸烟、饮酒发生率均明显高于工科学生，来自城镇的学生高于来自农村的学生。④近期吸烟与近期饮酒两项行为呈正相关。结论高校是控烟、控酒的重要场所，高校健康教育应注重学生健康生活行为的培养。     

北京市农村青少年健康危险行为多发特点分析

[目的]了解北京市农村青少年健康危险行为的多发特点。[方法]按照分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取北京市农村7所初中、高中、中等职业技术学校的1607名学生进行匿名问卷调查。[结果]12.2%学生无任何健康危险行为,男生、中等职业学校学生健康危险行为多发现象比较突出。初、高中学生自杀意念、骑车违规等伤害相关行为发生率较高;中等职业学校学生吸烟、饮酒等成瘾行为的发生率较高。[结论]青少年健康危险行为多发现象比较突出,应针对行为多发特点开展综合性行为干预。     

合肥市中学生健康危险行为现状分析

目的了解合肥市中学生健康危险行为现状,为学校及卫生部门开展健康教育提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,对合肥市2680名中学生进行健康危险行为问卷调查。结果60．53％的学生有过骑车违规的行为,36．11％的学生报告在过去1年内至少打架1次,10．87％的学生考虑过自杀,6．04％的学生曾制定过自杀计划,2．49％的学生曾实施过自杀,4．30％的学生曾离家出走,24．15％的学生报告有吸烟史,50．91％的学生报告曾喝过酒,0．64％的学生报告使用毒品,3．92％的学生报告有网络成瘾。结论合肥市青少年健康危险行为普遍存在,迫切需要开展相关健康教育,改善学生生活技能,提高学生身心健康。     

青少年学生吸烟饮酒及其他药物使用的现状调查

目的了解青少年学生吸烟饮酒及其他药物使用的现状，为预防吸烟饮酒对青少年身体的危害提供数据。方法以菏泽市6所学校的1699名青少年学生为研究对象，采用修订的青少年危险行为调查问卷。结果51．4％的学生吸过烟，14．2％的学生近期内吸烟，8．0％的学生经常吸烟，12．8％的学生尝试过戒烟，15．5％的学生在13岁前就吸过1整支烟。76．5％的学生喝过酒，36．7％的学生近期内喝酒，27．7％的学生喝醉，37．1％的学生在13岁前饮酒。6．5％的人未经医生许可私自服用镇静安眠类药物，6．2％的人对服用过的药物有依赖。在吸烟、饮酒及其他药物使用的得分上，大学生高于高中生，高中生高于初中生。男生明显高于女生，农村学生普遍高于城市学生（P〈0．01）。结论青少年学生吸烟饮酒及其他药物使用的情况较为普遍，学校应针对青少年学生不同年龄阶段的特点，开展有针对性的健康教育，以减少吸烟饮酒对其的危害。     

Health-risk behaviors among middle school students in a large majority-minority school district

Since 1991, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has administered the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) biennially to representative samples of high school students. YRBS results indicate that health-risk behaviors often developed during middle school years. To date, few state and local education agencies have administered the YRBS-Middle School. This study measured prevalence of health-risk behaviors among middle school students in a large, majority-minority school district (n = 1,783). Results indicated that young adolescents (ages 11-14) are engaging in multiple health-risk behaviors. For example, 24.4% seriously considered committing suicide in the previous year, 53.3% had been in a physical fight, 50.2% ever drank alcohol, 17.9% ever used marijuana, and 13.4% had already had sex. Such behaviors potentially could lead to serious consequences related to their educational achievement and overall health status. Health-related policy and program applications are discussed.     

蚌埠市初三年级学生危险行为分析

目的了解蚌埠市初三年级学生危险行为现状,为采取干预措施保护青少年健康提供依据。方法按照分层随机整群抽样的方法,共抽取蚌埠市14所中学19个班的初三年级学生为研究对象,获有效问卷935份。对其伤害行为、吸烟行为、饮酒和药物使用行为、性行为、饮食行为、锻炼行为和上网行为进行调查。结果4.3%的学生从不遵守或很少遵守交通规则,23.0%的学生有打架行为,2.7%的学生曾离家出走,20.6%的学生曾考虑过自杀,18.1%的学生曾经吸烟,64.1%的学生曾经饮酒,有1.4%的学生曾使用过摇头丸;1.2%的学生曾发生过性行为,但只有0.4%的性行为者每次性行为都使用安全套;30.9%的学生认为自己稍胖或很胖,54.0%和75.7%的学生每天吃水果和蔬菜次数≥1次,58.6%的学生每天喝牛奶≥1杯,72.2%的学生经常进行体育锻炼,参加校内外运动队的学生分别占17.2%和5.0%,9.1%的学生调查前1周上网≥3 d。结论多数伤害行为、吸烟行为、饮酒和药物使用行为、性行为、锻炼行为和上网行为男生高于女生。     

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance--United States, 1999. State and local YRBSS Coordinators

Priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youth and adults, often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, are interrelated, and are preventable. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults--behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (including human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection); unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by CDC as well as state, territorial, and local school-based surveys conducted by education and health agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 33 state surveys, and 16 local surveys conducted among high school students during February through May 1999. In the United States, approximately three fourths of all deaths among persons aged 10-24 years result from only four causes: motor-vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 1999 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey demonstrate that numerous high school students engage in behaviors that increase their likelihood of death from these four causes--16.4% had rarely or never worn a seat belt; during the 30 days preceding the survey, 33.1% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; 17.3% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey; 50.0% had drunk alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey; 26.7% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey; and 7.8% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity and social problems among young persons also result from unintended pregnancies and STDs, including HIV infection. In 1999, nationwide, 49.9% of high school students had ever had sexual intercourse; 42.0% of sexually active students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse; and 1.8% had ever injected an illegal drug. Two thirds of all deaths among persons aged > or = 25 years result from only two causes--cardiovascular disease and cancer. The majority of risk behaviors associated with these two causes of death are initiated during adolescence. In 1999, 34.8% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey; 76.1% had not eaten > or = 5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables during the 7 days preceding the survey; 16.0% were at risk for becoming overweight; and 70.9% did not attend physical education class daily. These YRBSS data are already being used by health and education officials at national, state, and local levels to analyze and improve policies and programs to reduce priority health-risk behaviors among youth. The YRBSS data also are being used to measure progress toward achieving 16 national health objectives for 2010 and 3 of the 10 leading health indicators.     

Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 2001

Priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youth and adults, often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, are interrelated, and are preventable. This report covers data during February-December 2001. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults; these behaviors contribute to unintentional injuries and violence; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by CDC as well as state, territorial, and local school-based surveys conducted by education and health agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 34 state surveys, and 18 local surveys conducted among students in grades 9-12 during February-December 2001. In the United States, approximately three-fourths of all deaths among persons aged 10-24 years result from only four causes: motor-vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 2001 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey demonstrated that numerous high school students engage in behaviors that increase their likelihood of death from these four causes: 14.1% had rarely or never worn a seat belt during the 30 days preceding the survey; 30.7% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; 17.4% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey; 47.1% had drunk alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey; 23.9% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey; and 8.8% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity and social problems among young persons also result from unintended pregnancies and STDs, including HIV infection. In 2001, 45.6% of high school students had ever had sexual intercourse; 42.1% of sexually active students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse; and 2.3% had ever injected an illegal drug. Two-thirds of all deaths among persons aged > or = 25 years result from only two causes: cardiovascular disease and cancer. The majority of risk behaviors associated with these two causes of death are initiated during adolescence. In 2001, 28.5% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey; 78.6% had not eaten > or = 5 servings per day of fruits and vegetables during the 7 days preceding the survey; 10.5% were overweight; and 67.8% did not attend physical education class daily. Health and education officials at national, state, and local levels are using these YRBSS data to analyze and improve policies and programs to reduce priority health-risk behaviors among youth. The YRBSS data also are being used to measure progress toward achieving 16 national health objectives for 2010 and 3 of the 10 leading health indicators.     

Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 1999.

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Priority health-risk behaviors, which contribute to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among youth and adults, often are established during youth, extend into adulthood, are interrelated, and are preventable. REPORTING PERIOD: February-May 1999. DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM: The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) monitors six categories of priority health-risk behaviors among youth and young adults --behaviors that contribute to unintentional and intentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (including human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] infection); unhealthy dietary behaviors; and physical inactivity. The YRBSS includes a national school-based survey conducted by CDC as well as state, territorial, and local school-based surveys conducted by education and health agencies. This report summarizes results from the national survey, 33 state surveys, and 16 local surveys conducted among high school students during February-May 1999. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: In the United States, approximately three fourths of all deaths among persons aged 10-24 years result from only four causes: motor-vehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 1999 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey demonstrate that numerous high school students engage in behaviors that increase their likelihood of death from these four causes--16.4% had rarely or never worn a seat belt; during the 30 days preceding the survey, 33.1% had ridden with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; 17.3% had carried a weapon during the 30 days preceding the survey; 50.0% had drunk alcohol during the 30 days preceding the survey; 26.7% had used marijuana during the 30 days preceding the survey; and 7.8% had attempted suicide during the 12 months preceding the survey. Substantial morbidity and social problems among young persons also result from unintended pregnancies and STDs, including HIV infection. In 1999, nationwide, 49.9% of high school students had ever had sexual intercourse; 42.0% of sexually active students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse; and 1.8% had ever injected an illegal drug. Two thirds of all deaths among persons aged > or = 25 years result from only two causes--cardiovascular disease and cancer. The majority of risk behaviors associated with these two causes of death are initiated during adolescence. In 1999, 34.8% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey; 76.1% had not eaten > or = 5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables during the 7 days preceding the survey; 16.0% were at risk for becoming overweight; and 70.9% did not attend physical education class daily. ACTIONS TAKEN: These YRBSS data are already being used by health and education officials at national, state, and local levelsto analyze and improve policies and programs to reduce priority health-risk behaviors among youth. The YRBSS data also are being used to measure progress toward achieving 16 national health objectives for 2010 and 3 of the 10 leading health indicators.     

南阳市10～24岁青少年健康危险行为现况调查分析

目的 了解南阳市10～24岁青少年健康危险行为的现状和流行趋势。方法 2004年11月～12月，采取多阶段抽样方法，从南阳市城区31所初中、高中、中专、综合性大学中抽取16所学校各年级学生4208名，进行集体问卷调查。结果1个月内喝汽水≥1次／d、7d内喝牛奶≤1杯／d、不吃早餐1次以上、偏食的学生分别占9．3％、19．7%、30．9％、39.6％；25．7％的学生过去1年打架1次以上，58．1％的学生常感到孤独，1年内有自杀意念、计划和试图自杀的学生分别占24．9％、6．8％和1．9％，34．7％和6．2％的学生1年内有离家出走意念和尝试出走；有吸烟和饮酒史的学生分别占44．6％和78．3％，初次烟龄和酒龄小于10岁的学生分别占11．1%和16．5％，二项中高中和初中生分别为最高，即12．6％和19．2％，有吸毒史的学生占0．4％：过去1个月内步行和骑车违反交通规则的学生分别占70．1％和58．7％，过去1年内到非安全场所游泳的占14．8％；过去7d内玩游戏和上网≥4h／d的学生分别占5．0％和4．7％，有赌博史的占17．5％，过去1年内观看色情书籍和制品的学生占21．0％，高中以上学生有性行为史的占6.1%，有3．0％的大学生怀孕或使他人怀孕。结论 南阳市10～24岁青少年中健康危险行为问题突出，应引起高度重视，采取必要的措施干预。     

Prevalence of youth access to alcohol, guns, illegal drugs, or cigarettes in the home and association with health-risk behaviors

PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence of access to alcohol, guns, drugs, or cigarettes in the home and its association with related health-risk behaviors among adolescents.METHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 1995 in-home survey of the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health which used a nationally representative school-based sample (N = 6,504) of adolescents in grades 7-12. We used logistic regression analysis, adjusted for gender, race/ethnicity and age, to examine the associations between access to alcohol, guns, drugs, and cigarettes in the home and the practice of risk behaviors involving those variables.RESULTS: Overall, 1,817 (28%) adolescents reported having easy access to alcohol in the home, 1,616 (25%) had access to a gun, 189 (3%) had access to drugs, and 2,067 (32%) had access to cigarettes. Associations were found between easy home access to alcohol and drinking during the past 12 months (Adj. OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.89-2.47), ever being drunk at school (Adj. OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.85-2.95, and ever driving drunk (Adj. OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.29-2.09). Access to a gun at home was associated with carrying a gun to school (Adj. OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.40-4.64). Associations were also found between access to drugs and cigarettes in the home and ever using drugs and smoking regularly.CONCLUSIONS: Easy access to alcohol, guns, and cigarettes in the home is prevalent among adolescents and may increase involvement in risky behaviors. Limiting access therefore is important in order to reduce the occurrence of health-risk behaviors associated with substance use, deliquency and injury among adolescents.