胸腔镜下漏斗胸微创矫治术(Nuss手术)112例

目的:总结胸腔镜下漏斗胸微创矫治术(Nuss手术)治疗小儿漏斗胸(pectus excavatum,PE)的临床经验.方法:2005年7月～2012年9月采用胸腔下Nuss手术治疗漏斗胸112例,年龄3～21岁,平均13.6岁.其中对称性PE71例,不对称性PE41例.结果:112例均顺利完成手术,没有严重的并发症和死亡率.手术时间40～85分钟,平均51.5分钟,术中出血均少于20ml.住院时间4～8天,平均5.3天.早期并发症包括3例气胸,1例经穿刺抽气治愈,2例没有特殊处理而自行吸引.晚期并发症包括2例支撑架移位,1例重新手术矫正,另一例没有特殊处理.已有83例术后满2年患者取出支撑板,术后评价:优71例(85.5％),良10例(12.0％),一般2例(2.4％).结论:胸腔镜下Nuss手术治疗漏斗胸手术时间短,出血少,创伤小,并发症少,效果满意,是一种操作简便、安全、可靠的治疗方法,值的大力推广.     

非胸腔镜下Nuss矫正术治疗漏斗胸

目的 探讨非胸腔镜下微创Nuss术矫正漏斗胸的安全性、有效性和治疗经验.方法 2007年10月至2009年5月,手术治疗48例漏斗胸病儿中男28例,女20例;年龄4～13岁,平均(6.5± 2.1)岁.术前CT示胸廓指数3.76±0.54;其中26例行非胸腔镜下微创Nuss术(非胸腔镜组),22例行胸腔镜辅助下Nuss术(胸腔镜组).结果 两组均顺利完成手术,术中均无死亡、大出血及胸腔脏器损伤等严重并发症发生.非胸腔镜下Nuss组无气胸,血胸等并发症,无需放置胸腔闭式引流管.其手术时间、术后入院时间与胸腔镜组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).非胸腔镜下Nuss组手术时间24～38 min,平均(25.4±2.6)min;住院3～6天,平均(4.5±1.1)天;术中出血量5～10 ml.胸腔镜组手术时间40～60 min,平均(53.5±3.4)min,住院5～8天,平均(7.0±2.2)天;出血量10～15 ml.两组病儿术后均获随访,随访时间至少3个月,平均10.4个月,均无漏斗胸复发.非胸腔镜手术组1例术后2月出现肋骨矫形板移位,再次手术重新放置肋骨矫形板.结论 非胸腔镜下Nuss术矫正漏斗胸是安全有效的,与胸腔镜辅助下Nuss术相比创伤更小,恢复更快.     

Nuss手术及其改良术式治疗漏斗胸的早期经验与探讨

目的 总结微创漏斗胸矫形术(Nuss手术)及其改良术式治疗漏斗胸的早期治疗经验.方法 39例对称性漏斗胸患者采用Nuss手术治疗,即在胸腔镜监视下将矫形钢板由一侧胸腔经胸骨后穿至对侧胸腔,翻转后固定.3例非对称性漏斗胸患儿采用改良Nuss手术.结果 42例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间20～60 min,平均31.3 min,出血量10～50 ml.住院时间3～12 d,平均5.7 d.6例患者术后疼痛较明显,3例患者出现发热,对症治疗后改善.无气胸及皮下气肿、无切口感染.术后3～18个月随访,40例患者矫形效果满意.2例患者术后矫形板移位,1例再次手术.结论 Nuss手术治疗漏斗胸具有微创、美观、创伤小,安全可靠的优点,便于推广;非对称性漏斗胸患者采用改良Nuss手术治疗,近期效果满意,远期效果还需观察.     

Nuss手术矫治复发性和胸部手术后继发性漏斗胸

目的 总结Nuss手术矫治复发性和胸部手术后继发性漏斗胸经验.方法 2004年6月至2011年9月18例复发性或胸部手术后继发性漏斗胸Nuss手术者中男12例,女6例;年龄3.1 ～14.8岁,平均(8.8±4.0)岁;体重11 ～55kg,平均(30.2±14.8)kg.10例为开放式漏斗胸矫治术后复发病例,8例为其他胸部手术后继发性漏斗胸.16例畸形为对称性,2例为非对称性.CT检查Haller指数5.4±3.4.手术均在胸腔镜辅助下完成.结果 全组均成功实施手术.所有患儿均置入1根钢板.17例置入右侧固定片,1例置入双侧固定片.16例矫形效果为优良,2例良好.矫形效果与初次Nuss手术相比,早期优良及良好率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后胸腔引流管放置1～4天.1例钢板移位于术后5个月行Nuss修正,重新固定移位之钢板.1例心脏穿孔出血,术中紧急行扩大胸骨正中切口,直视下修补心脏破口,术后复查超声心动图,心脏功能正常,无神经系统并发症.1例术后当天气胸合并皮下气肿,1例术后3天胸腔积液,此2例均行胸腔闭式引流后治愈.12例钢板拆除,钢板滞留24～45个月,拆除者10例保持优良,2例良好,无复发病例.结论 Nuss手术矫治复发性和胸部手术后继发性漏斗胸效果良好.     

漏斗胸的分型和微创Nuss手术

目的 将漏斗胸按对称性进行分型,探讨微创Nuss手术方法的改良,以期扩大手术适应证,改进疗效.方法 回顾分析2002年7月到2007年9月403例采用Nuss手术治疗的漏斗胸患者的临床资料.其中男性299例,女性104例,年龄2岁7个月～32岁,平均(8.0±5.1)岁.根据畸形情况和术中支架设计的实际需要将Park分型简化为对称型、偏心型和不均衡型.对称型采用了传统Nuss手术;非对称性的偏心型和不均衡型分别采用了不同的个性化的钢板设计和手术方法.结果 全组患者对称型占63.9%(257/403),偏心型占11.9%(48/403),不均衡型占24.3%(98/403).所有病例均顺利完成手术,手术时间30～165 min,术中出血量1～80 ml,住院时间4～12 d.术后优良率100%.随访1个月～5年,优良率为97.0%.再手术5例,1例术后支架下滑移位导致复发,4例术后一侧凸起畸形均再手术.术中、术后并发症23例占5.7%.除上述5例外,心包损伤2例,支撑架下滑撕开肋间2例,膈肌损伤2例;术后血胸1例,气胸8例,2例间断疼痛2个月,1例持续性疼痛后导致获得性脊柱侧弯.结论 将漏斗胸按对称性进行分型,并选择不同的手术方法,可以扩大Nuss手术的适应证,获得更好的手术效果.     

Nuss手术治疗小儿漏斗胸(附60例报告)

目的 介绍微创Nuss手术治疗小儿漏斗胸的手术方法、并发症和相关临床经验。方法56例胸腔镜辅助下行Nuss手术，4例合并肺部病变同时开胸行肺切除。其中男43例，女17例；年龄2岁10个月～15岁，平均6岁2个月。结果 60例均顺利完成手术，无术中并发症。手术时间30～60min；所有病儿均应用钢支撑架；术中平均出血量4.9ml；术后平均住院6.5d；随访9～23个月。术后早期并发气胸1例(1.7％)；3例出现晚期并发症(5％)，间断疼痛2个月、持续性疼痛后导致获得性脊柱侧弯、支撑架滑脱各1例。结论 微创矫正小儿漏斗胸的Nuss手术方法安全可行。广泛对称性漏斗胸，尤其扁平胸是Nuss手术的最佳适应证。病儿手术修复最佳时机为6～12岁，可扩展至3～15岁。技术方法的改进和远期效果的评价，还需进一步研究探讨。     

大年龄组漏斗胸的微创Nuss手术

目的 探讨微创Nuss手术治疗漏斗胸对大年龄组病人应用的可行性和手术方法的改良。方法 58例漏斗胸病人在胸腔镜辅助下行改良的Nuss手术，其中男45例，女13例；年龄13～32岁，平均（17．03±3．89）岁。按Hallcr指数将损害分为轻、中、重和极重度，中到重度40例，极重度18例。按不同程度来选择Nuss手术或两次多点或双弧形支架或双支撑架固定法手术，并评价手术是否安全可行和有效。结果 58例均顺利完成手术，历时35～90min；术中出血3～80ml，平均（7．86±10．44）ml。中到重度者40例采用了Nuss手术；极重度的18例中13例采用两次多点固定，2例同时行局部截骨，2例采用双支架，2例采用双弧形支架。术后住院7～12d，平均（8．64±0．95）d；随访1个月到4年。术中发生支撑架下滑撕开肋间2例，术后支架下滑移位1例，1例间断疼痛2个月，1例持续性疼痛后导致获得性脊柱侧弯，经保守治疗痊愈。结论 微创矫正漏斗胸的Nuss手术不仅对小儿安全、有效，对青少年，甚至成年人均安全有效，应大力推广。两次多点固定、双支撑架和双弧形支架是修复大龄、严重漏斗胸的可靠方法。     

微创Nuss手术治疗漏斗胸复发患者12例

目的 总结微创Nuss手术对漏斗胸修复失败的治疗效果,以提高治疗水平. 方法 运用微创Nuss手术对12例初次接受Ravitch手术复发性漏斗胸患者进行再次修复,患者均为男性,年龄8～17岁,平均年龄15.6岁;Haller指数均大于3.25;主要症状包括呼吸急促、胸痛、哮喘或哮喘样症状和反复上呼吸道感染.体格检查和CT扫描提示:心脏受压、心脏移位及其他心脏异常,术前肺功能检查多数患者低于正常值的80%.常规使用矫形板及固定片进行矫形;并对术前症状、术中资料、术后结果进行分析. 结果 平均手术时间100 min,较初次手术时间稍长.发生并发症为血胸2例、大量胸腔积液3例、切口疼痛超过1周1例,均经保守治疗治愈,无死亡和心脏穿孔患者.术后随访12例,随访时间6～20个月;随访结果12例患者术前症状均消失,7例患者运动耐力增加;体格检查示:心脏受压和心脏移位缓解,患者均对手术结果表示满意或非常满意.有8例术后用力呼气量(FEF)25%～75%较术前得到改善(P<0.05). 结论 对初次漏斗胸修复失败或复发患者应用Nuss手术矫正后可取得理想的效果.     

电视胸腔镜在小儿漏斗胸治疗中的应用

目的探讨胸腔镜在胸骨后钢板置入胸骨抬举法(Nuss技术)治疗小儿漏斗胸的价值.方法胸腔镜直视下Nuss技术治疗45例漏斗胸.术前,将特制钢板按胸廓自然弧度弯成"弓"状,亚甲蓝标记切口及凹陷最低点;术中,右胸腔置入电视胸腔镜,直视下将"弓"形支架引入胸骨下,缝合固定.结果45例支架安全置入,手术时间35～80 min,平均60min.术中出血量＜5 ml.术后住院4～10 d,平均7 d.40例随访3～30个月,平均16.5月.早期并发症2例,分别为气胸和肺炎.远期并发症3例,1例1年后因支架移位重新固定,2例术后胸骨持续疼痛,经口服及局部涂抹解热镇痛药,1年后症状消失.10例术后满2年取出钢板,胸廓塑形好.结论胸腔镜直视下Nuss技术治疗小儿漏斗胸安全可靠,手术时间短,操作简单,矫形满意,术中、术后并发症少,值得推广.     

复发性漏斗胸的外科治疗

目的总结复发性漏斗外科治疗的初步经验。方法 2012年1月~2014年12月对23例复发性漏斗胸行二次手术:Nuss术15例,改良Nuss术6例,Nuss术联合截骨1例,Ravitch术1例。结果 23例均顺利完成手术,无术中并发症。术中出血量10~150 ml,中位数20 ml。术后住院4~15 d,平均7.1 d。术后2例引流较多,积极胸腔引流加强营养等治愈。23例术后2年拆除钢板,均无复发。结论 Nuss术可作为漏斗胸修复失败患者再次矫正的首选术式,疗效满意。严重畸形漏斗胸复发患者,首选Ravitch术。     

Minimally invasive Nuss technique allows for repair of recurrent pectus excavatum following the Ravitch procedure: report of 12 cases

This work aimed to determine the efficacy of recurrent pectus excavatum repair using a minimally invasive Nuss procedure. We performed a secondary repair in 12 patients with recurrent pectus excavatum by using the minimally invasive Nuss procedure. Prior repairs had been performed using the Ravitch procedure in all cases. The values obtained in preoperative pulmonary function tests were less than 80% of the normal values. The median duration of surgery was slightly longer than that of the primary surgeries. The procedural complications included hemothorax (16.7%) and pleural effusion (25.0%). None of the patients developed a pneumothorax, pericarditis, pneumonia, wound infection, or immune rejection. There were no deaths or cardiac perforations. Exercise tolerance increased in 7 of the 12 cases. We achieved excellent results from surgical correction using the Nuss procedure in these 12 patients who showed recurrent pectus excavatum after failed repair surgery using the Ravitch procedure.     

漏斗胸患者Nuss手术后慢性疼痛的危险因素

目的 探讨漏斗胸微创矫正术(Nuss手术)后慢性疼痛的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2019年9月择期行胸腔镜Nuss手术患者168例,男130例,女38例.收集患者联系方式、人口学资料、术前合并症、漏斗胸严重程度分级、神经阻滞情况、手术时间和术后24 h VAS疼痛评分.电话随访患者或家属完成术后慢性疼痛...     

Difficulties and limitations in minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum--6 years experiences with Nuss technique.

OBJECTIVE: In 1998, Dr Donald Nuss proposed minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) which did not require the osteochondrous parts of the anterior chest wall to be resected. The paper aims at presenting the authors' own 6 years of experience in funnel chest repair with MIRPE technique. Also, many technical problems of this method are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1999 and 2005, 461 patients (99 female and 362 male, aged 3-31 years, mean age 15.2 years) with pectus excavatum were operated with the Nuss technique. All patients were operated-on according to the original operative protocol proposed by Donald Nuss. With growing experience, own modifications were introduced. Insertion of two bars was done in 17.4%, transverse sternotomy in adolescents with rigid anterior chest wall in 7.8%, limited excision of the rib cartilages in 5.9%, and parasternal fixation of the bar to prevent it from rotating in 59.7% of patients. RESULTS: There were no deaths. Intraoperative complications were noted in 19 (4.1%) patients and postoperative ones were observed in 43 (9.3%) patients. The operative time ranged from 25 to 130 min (52 min on average). In 192 (41.6%) patients, an epidural block was used. The hospital stay ranged from 4 to 12 days with the mean of 5.3 days. A redo procedure for the bar rotation was necessary in 13 (2.8%) patients. The support bar has been removed in 260 (56.4%) patients so far. In all the patients, an adequate contour of the anterior chest wall has been maintained. CONCLUSIONS: MIRPE proposed by Nuss has all the features of a minimally invasive procedure and is straightforward. Better clinical results are achievable in patients under 12 years of age with a symmetric deformity. In older patients (over 15 years of age) with a rigid chest or with an asymmetric deformity, additional procedures are required to achieve a comprehensive correction of the deformity. Recent results and forward clinical observations may give proof to establish MIRPE as a method of choice in funnel chest correction.     

The Nuss Procedure After Breast Augmentation for Female Pectus Excavatum

Pectus excavatum, the most common congenital chest wall malformation, has a higher incidence among men. Since 1987, when Donald Nuss performed his technique for the first time, the minimally invasive approach has become the most widely used technique for treating pectus excavatum. Few reported studies have focused on the repair of female pectus excavatum. Women with pectus excavatum often present with breast asymmetry that may require breast augmentation, either before or after pectus excavatum repair. To the authors’ knowledge, no reports on the Nuss procedure after breast implant surgery have been published. This report describes the case of a 26-year-old woman who underwent minimally invasive repair after breast implant surgery. The authors believe that for women with severe pectus excavatum, the Nuss procedure should be the first choice for surgical correction. Moreover, for breast implant patients, this technique is absolutely feasible without major complications.     

Efficacy of left thoracoscopy and blunt mediastinal dissection during the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum

Background/Purpose

The minimally invasive Nuss procedure is emerging as the preferred technique for repair of pectus excavatum. Original methods of pectus bar placement have been modified to improve safety and efficacy and avoid cardiothoracic complications. The currently reported modifications to facilitate retrosternal pectus bar placement include routine use of right thoracoscopy or a subxiphoid incision. The purpose of this article is to describe additional modifications of the Nuss procedure to improve safety and efficacy.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 51 patients who have had a thoracoscopic-assisted Nuss procedure at The Children's Hospital, Denver, Colo, between 1999 and 2002. Technical modifications included patient positioning, routine use of left thoracoscopy, and an Endo-kittner.

Results

Fifty-one patients have successfully undergone the Nuss procedure using the new modifications. Surgical time ranged from 45 to 120 minutes. There have been no intraoperative or postoperative bleeding complications. There have been 2 large pneumothoraces requiring needle thoracenteses in the operating room before extubation. No chest tubes were required postoperatively. Subjectively, all patients have been satisfied with their surgical correction. Average length of hospital stay was 4 to 6 days.

Conclusions

By using left chest thoracoscopy and Endo-kittner dissectors, the risk of cardiothoracic injury can be eliminated. Moreover, other methods to ensure safe substernal dissection are unnecessary.     

胸腔镜下Nuss手术治疗小儿漏斗胸(10例报告附文献综述)

【摘要】 目的 探讨胸腔镜下Nuss手术治疗小儿漏斗胸的疗效及安全性。方法 2008年4月~2012年9月对10例漏斗胸进行胸腔镜下Nuss手术。结果 10例手术均成功,均留置1根支撑钢板。手术时间40~105 mim,平均65 min,术中平均出血量9.5 mL,患者均无严重并发症发生,胸廓畸形明显改善。随诊3月~36月,近期优良率100%。结论 胸腔镜下Nuss手术治疗小儿漏斗胸安全可靠,近期效果满意,远期效果还需进一步观察。     

Die Trichterbrust

For many years, a variety of open surgery techniques represented the "golden standard" for remodeling the chest wall of patients with pectus excavatum. This situation changed when a minimally invasive approach was first introduced by D. Nuss (minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum--MIRPE). This procedure was originally developed only for children and is based on the fact that the growing chest wall is still flexible. The indication for MIRPE is identical for both open surgery and the minimally invasive procedure. The new technique is gaining acceptance worldwide in the field of pediatric surgery, and older patients who resist open surgery for correction of their pectus excavatum now request the new and less invasive procedure. Most of them found their information via the Internet and it is noteworthy that patients, or their parents, are now looking differently at the indication for repairing pectus excavatum.     

Surgical correction of the funnel chest deformity in children

The aim of this study was to evaluate our results during and after the Nuss operation in children with pectus excavatum. We have performed the Nuss procedure in 128 patients with pectus excavatum since 2001, and 74 patients underwent bar removal. Of the 128 patients 96 were male and 32 were female; age ranged from eight to 21 years with an average of 13.8 years. In 46% of patients psychological reasons for operative treatment were dominant while in the other 54% of patients clinical signs were the indications. Complications in 128 patients included 36 pneumothorax, 28 of which resolved spontaneously. Postoperative pneumonia developed in six patients. In two patients we had infection of the implanted bar, and there were two patients with cellulitis. We had six patients with bar displacement and reoperation was needed. During the Nuss procedure we had one injury of the intercostal artery. We had pericardial tears in two patients without clinical significance. In two patients we had pericardial effusion six months after the Nuss procedure, requiring pericardiocentesis. In one patient we had fracture of the sternum. There were no complications following bar removal. After bar removal in 74 patients, 54 patients (72.9%) maintained excellent results with normal chest anatomy, good results were found in 16 patients (21.6%) with mild residual pectus and poor results in four patients (5.5%) with severe recurrence. Our experience with the Nuss procedure demonstrated excellent results with few minor complications.     

胸膜外Nuss手术与Nuss手术对比研究

目的 前瞻性对比胸膜外Nuss手术和Nuss手术的安全性和可行性.方法 2008年7月至2009年6月252例行Nuss手术者,排除漏斗胸复发、有合并症同期手术、大于13岁、广泛凹陷使用双支撑架和极重度和严重非对称性者,余131例随机分两组,62例胸膜外Nuss手术组和69例Nuss手术组.比较两种术式同手术期情况、并发症和手术效果,并观察胸膜外组钢板是否确在胸膜外.结果 131例均顺利完成手术,在两组年龄、Haller指数差异无统计学意义的前提下,手术优良率、手术时间、术中出血量和出院时间差异亦均无统计学意义.随访14～26个月,无复发及远期并发症,两组并发症各3.例,差异无统计学意义.胸膜外组32例破入胸腔.结论 胸膜外Nuss手术是安全可行的,但与Nuss手术组在手术时间、术中出血、出院时间和手术效果上无任何优势,且不容易观察到对侧胸腔情况,手术方法不容易掌握和推广.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the safety and feasibility of thoracoscopic extrapleural Nuss procedure with traditional intrapleural Nuss procedure. Methods Total 252 patients with pectus excavatum received Nuss surgery from July 2008 to June 2009 in Beijing children' s hospital. Patients had following condition were excluded; (1) recurrent pectus excavatum; (2) complicated with other diseases, and need simultaneous surgery; (3) older than 13-year-old; (4) extensive depression, and need two Nuss bar; or (5) extreme severe or severe unsymmetric. 131 cases were selected in our study and they were randomly divided into two groups, thoracoscopic extrapleural Nuss procedure ( n = 62 ) and traditional intrapleural Nuss procedure ( n =69). Perioperative information, postoperative complications, effectiveness and the location of the Nuss bar were compared between two groups. Results All the 131 patients had completed the procedure successfully. There were no significant differences in age, Haller index; surgical effects, operation time, blood loss, and hospital stay, between two groups. Postoperative complications between the two groups are not significant. 131 patients were followed up from 14 to 26 months, and no recurrence and long-term complications occurred. About more than half cases of extrapleural Nuss procedure group were break the pleural into thoracic cavity. Conclusion Both extrapleural and intrapleural Nuss procedure are safe and effective for pectus excavatum, but extrapleural Nuss procedure have no advantage to the intrapleural Nuss procedure, also it' s hard to observe the other side of thoracic cavity during the surgery, and not easy to grasp and to promote.