曲美他嗪对扩张型心肌病心力衰竭治疗效果的临床观察

目的：观察曲美他嗪（TMZ）对扩张型心肌病（DCM）患者心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法：42例DCM伴中重度心力衰竭患者随机分为TMZ治疗组（TMZ组）和常规治疗组（对照组）。对照组给予规范的纠正心力衰竭治疗,TMZ组在常规治疗的基础上加用TMZ,每次20mg,每日3次,疗程半年,测定患者用药前后6min步行距离及利用心脏彩色多普勒超声测定患者左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDd）的变化。结果：治疗半年后,TMZ组6min步行距离显著优于对照组（P〈0．05）,超声心动图LVEF明显提高（P〈0．05）,LVEDd显著缩小。结论：曲美他嗪可以改善DCM患者的心功能,可以用作DCM的辅助治疗药物。     

缬沙坦在扩张性心肌病中的临床应用

目的：观察血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂缬沙坦治疗扩张型心肌病（DCM）的可行性和安全性。方法：将64例DCM患者随机分为观察组36例和对照组28例。对照组采用一般常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上加用缬沙坦。观察并比较2组患者治疗前后心功能改变、临床效果及不良反应。结果：观察组与对照组治疗后心功能指标均较治疗前明显改善（P〈0．05）;观察组心功能指标较对照组改善明显,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组和对照组总有效率分别为83．33％（30／36）和64．29％（18／28）,两组总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组中3例出现头昏、头痛、心悸、腹痛、消化不良等副作用,经对症处理后症状缓解,未影响后续治疗,未发生肾功能不全、低血压及高血钾。结论：一般常规治疗基础上加用缬沙坦可显著改善DCM患者临床症状和左室收缩及舒张功能,无明显毒副作用,疗效确切,安全可靠。     

中西医结合治疗扩张型心肌病的疗效观察及其对心肌纤维化的影响

目的：观察中西医结合治疗扩张型心肌病（DCM）的疗效及其对心肌纤维化的影响。方法：70例DCM随机分为中西医结合观察组及西药治疗对照组,同期选本院门诊健康体检者30例作为正常对照组。中西医结合观察组35例在西药常规治疗基础上加用炙甘草汤加味方,西药治疗对照组35例给予西药常规治疗。观察3个月。结果：DCM患者透明质酸（HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原（PCIH）、层粘连蛋白（LN）均较正常对照组明显升高（P〈0．01）。中西医结合观察组治疗后HA、PCⅢ、LN明显低于西药治疗对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。两组治疗后心功能改善及疗效比较中西医结合观察组均优于西药治疗对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：中西医结合治疗DCM能有效改善心功能及临床症状,并能抑制心肌的纤维化。     

曲美他嗪治疗缺血性心脏病慢性心力衰竭患者的临床观察

目的观察曲美他嗪（TMZ）治疗缺血性心脏病慢性心力衰竭（CHF）患者的临床疗效。方法选择缺血性心脏病慢性心力衰竭患者94例，随机分为两组：对照组49例常规给予洋地黄、利尿剂、血管扩张剂、ACEI或ARB、β-受体阻滞剂等药物；曲关他嗪组45例，在常规药物治疗的基础上加用曲美他嗪（TMZ）20mg／d，3次／d，6个月后观察再住院率及心功能改善情况。结果①随访6个月曲美他嗪组死亡2例（4．44％），对照组死亡5例（10．20％），两组比较差异无统计学意义；曲关他嗪组再住院8例（17．78％），对照组再住院18例（36．73％），两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；②存活的87例患者最终进入结果分析，曲美他嗪组43例，对照组44例，两组在性别、年龄、合并症、用药情况等方面比较差异无统计学意义，治疗6min步行试验步行距离6个月后，曲关他嗪组心功能改善总有效率显著优于对照组（81．40％ vs 61．36％，P〈0．05）；⑧两组心率均显著降低，6-MT，显著提高，且曲美他嗪组显著优于对照组（521±31 vs 425±23，P〈0．05）。结论曲美他嗪治疗心力衰竭可降低患者再住院率，改善心功能，提高活动耐力。     

依那普利治疗老年无症状性心力衰竭的临床研究

目的：探讨依那普利对老年无症状性心力衰竭（silent heart tailur，SHF）的心功能改善作用。方法：未经治疗的SHF老年患者91例，随机分为治疗组46例（口服依那普利）及对照组45例（服用安慰剂），治疗16个月，观察两组患者治疗前后心功能（NYHA）分级评估情况和超声心动图心功能测量结果。结果：治疗组46例（100％）治疗后仍然维持心功能I级，对照组45例（80％）维持心功能I级（P〈0．05）。治疗组左心室射血分数LVEF治疗后提高（P〈0．05），而对照组下降（P〈0．05），两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。左心室收缩末期容积LVESV和左心室舒张末期容积LVEDV，治疗组治疗后明显下降（P〈0．05），而对照组治疗后较治疗前上升（P〉0．05），两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：依那普利早期干预SHF。可显著改善心功能，延缓老年患者心衰进展，降低住院率。     

中西医结合治疗慢性肺心病23例

目的 观察心先安和益气活血汤舍用对慢性肺心病心肺功能疗效。方法 48例患者中对照组25例常规治疗：治疗组23例，在常规治疗基础上，加用心先安及益气活血汤煎服，14d为1疗程。结果 治疗组心功能改善87.0％，明显高于对照组的72．0％（P〈0．05）；治疗后心脏指数（CI）治疗组明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）；治疗后PaCO2、PaO2治疗组优于对照组（P〈0．05）；治疗后肺功能各项指标治疗组明显改善于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 心先安和益气活血汤合用治疗慢性肺心病心肺功能不全较常规治疗效果好．且无明显毒副作用。     

曲美他嗪治疗心功能不全60例临床观察

目的：评价曲美他嗪对心功能不全患者的治疗效果。方法：选择我院治疗的123例心功能不全患者,随机分成治疗组61例和对照组62例,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加服曲美他嗪20mg,3次／d,服用6个月;对照组仅应用常规治疗。6个月后观察患者的心功能评级,左室射血分数（LVEF）,左心室短轴缩短率（FS）,六分钟步行实验。结果：治疗组心功能评级较治疗组有所改善（P〈0．05）,LVEF提高（P〈0．05）,FS明显改善（P〈0．05）,六分钟步行距离明显提高（P〈O．05）。结论：曲美他嗪可以改善心功能不全患者的心功能,提高六分钟步行距离,且用药安全,是治疗心功能不全的良好辅助用药。     

曲美他嗪治疗老年慢性充血性心力衰竭的疗效观察

目的：观察曲美他嗪对老年慢性充血性心力衰竭（CHF）的治疗效果。方法：选择CHF患者66例，随机分为2组．对照组30例，采用常规治疗方法，曲美他嗪组36例，在常规治疗的基础上加用曲美他嗪，6个月后比较NYHA心功能分级及左室射血分数，左室短轴缩短率的改善情况。结果：①两组治疗均有效，心功能明显改善。②治疗组的总有效率明显优于对照组（89％ vs 70％，P〈0．05）；心功能改善更为显著（P〈0．05）。结论：曲美他嗪可改善老年CHF患者的心功能状态，增加运动耐量。     

曲美他嗪对急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者的心肌保护作用

目的探讨曲美他嗪（TMZ）对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者的心肌保护作用。方法将7l例因急性心肌梗死（AMI）而行急诊PCI的患者随机分为TMZ组（36例）和对照组（35例）,TMZ组在常规治疗的基础上于急诊PCI前后给予TMZ口服,对照组不用TMZ。比较两组患者间血肌钙蛋白I（eTnI）和肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）的峰值浓度、发病至峰值时间、发病至恢复正常的时间。治疗6个月后的左心室功能及PCI术后6个月内主要心脏不良事件。结果TMZ组eTnl和CK—MB的峰值浓度均显著低于对照组（P均〈0．05）．TMZ组cTnI和CK—MB的峰值时间、恢复正常时间均显著短于对照组（P均〈0．05）;治疗6个月后,TMZ组左室射血分数（LVEF）显著高于治疗前和对照组（t=5．6391,P〈0．01和t=2．3577,P〈0．05）,TMZ组左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDd）显著低于治疗前和对照组（t=5．1148,P〈0．01和￡：2．1297,P〈0．05）;TMZ组PCI术后6个月内主要心脏不良事件明显低于对照组（χ2=4．7073,P〈0。05）;TMZ组未发生严重不良反应。结论对急诊PCI的AM[患者,TMZ可减轻再灌注损伤,保护心脏功能,降低心脏不良事件,且安全性好。     

无创呼吸机在急性左心衰竭中的应用

目的评价双水平正压无创通气（BiPAP）救治急性左心衰竭的临床疗效。方法84例急性左心衰竭患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组在常规抗心衰治疗基础上联用BiPAP呼吸机面罩正压通气治疗,42例对照组为常规抗心衰治疗,观察治疗前、治疗后1h、6h的动脉血PaO2、SaO2、PaCO2,心率、呼吸、血压、24h后心功能改善情况。结果两组患者治疗前各指项比较差异无统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗组治疗后1h、6h的PaO2、SaO2、PaCO2,心率、呼吸、血压均较对照组明显改善（P〈0．05）,24h心功能改善,有效率治疗组较对照组明显增高（95．24％ vs 71．43％,P〈0．05）。结论无创双水平正压通气对急性左心衰的治疗有一定效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.