骨水泥占位器在髋关节感染二期翻修术的临床疗效

目的探讨全髋型与半髋型抗生素骨水泥占位器在髋关节感染二期翻修术中的临床疗效。方法广州中医药大学附属中山市中医院骨三科2011年10月至2016年3月,共收治的16例18髋关节感染病例,按时间先后分成A、B两组进行治疗。A组7例7髋,术中制作半髋型抗生素骨水泥占位器;B组9例11髋,术中制作全髋型抗生素骨水泥占位器;全部病例均进行髋关节感染的一期病灶彻底清理,假体或异物取出、抗生素骨水泥占位器旷置,感染控制后二期再植入翻修假体,比较两组占位器在一期旷置术前术后二周的Harris髋关节评分、旷置术后卧床时间、二次翻修术前并发症发生率、二次翻修术前、术后的感染控制率等指标。采用SPSS 17.0统计分析,计量资料用采用t检验。计数资料采用Fisher确切概率法,以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果术后随访时间5~53个月。A组7例半髋型占位器一期旷置术后,脱位和继发骨缺损发生率42.8%;并发症发生率71.4%;感染控制率85.7%;术后2周髋关节Harris评分由一期手术前39分提高至50分。B组9例11髋全髋型占位器,并发症发生率18.2%,感染控制率100%;一期术后2周髋关节Harris评分由一期术前40分提高至75分。两类占位器在二期翻修术前并发症发生率(P=0.0390.05)、卧床时间(t=2.15,P0.05)、术后2周Harris评分(t=1.841,P0.05)差异均有统计学意义。结论在病灶彻底清创的基础上,两种类型的抗生素骨水泥占位器均有理想的感染控制率,全髋型较半髋型的并发症发生率低,利于减轻二次翻修手术的难度。     

用原股骨头假体制备占位器治疗髋关节置换术后感染

目的介绍一种通过用原股骨头假体制备万古霉素骨水泥占位器的方法,总结其在髋关节置换术后感染二期翻修前,对感染的治疗和关节功能保留的经验,评价其临床效果。方法 2011年11月至2012年7月因髋关节置换术后感染在本中心接受分期翻修治疗的患者中,有11例11髋在一期感染病灶清除后,植入用原股骨头假体制备的抗生素骨水泥临时占位器,待感染治愈后接受了二期翻修。观察使用这种占位器治疗关节置换术后感染有效性以及并发症,观察患者一期和二期翻修术后的功能情况。结果全部患者获得随访,末次随访距二期翻修平均(12.6±2.5)个月。病灶清除术后患髋均能伸直0°,屈髋平均(89.1±6.3)°,外展平均(31.8±5.1)°。Harris评分由术前平均(40.5±9.9)分升至(79.3±4.5)分,二期翻修后末次随访时Harris评分达(91.7±2.6)分。所有患者末次随访时无感染复发征象。1例患者一期翻修术后3周时出现髋关节占位器脱位,经两次手法复位均失败。1例患者发生占位器柄断裂。结论保留原股骨头假体制备的抗生素骨水泥占位器在治疗髋关节置换术后感染的一期翻修术中,表现出操作简单、感染控制满意、保留关节功能好的特点,需要注意占位器柄断裂、占位器脱位且难以复位的风险,通过改进方法后可以减少甚至避免这些并发症发生。     

术中自制抗生素骨水泥占位器在治疗髋关节置换术后感染的并发症研究

目的:研究术中自制抗生素骨水泥占位器在治疗髋关节置换术后感染的控制率及其并发症。方法 :对2006年1月至2016年7月解放军总医院骨关节科髋关节置换术后感染行占位器植入患者265例(266髋)进行回顾性研究,其中男143例(144髋),女122例(122髋)。占位器均利用自行设计的压模器术中制作,全部占位器均加入万古霉素,同时根据细菌药敏结果加入另外一种抗生素。记录是否行大粗隆延长截骨术(ETO)取出感染假体、占位器并发症(断裂和脱位)的发生率、Harris评分和感染的控制率。结果:占位器植入时患者的平均年龄(57.4±14.2)岁。39例(14.7%)行ETO取出感染假体。38例(14.3%)出现了占位器的并发症,其中28例(10.5%)出现了占位器断裂,10例(3.8%)出现了占位器脱位。平均随访时间(83.4±14.6)个月。Harris评分从术前的47.56±14.23上升到末次随访的86.43±12.84(P0.05)。256例(96.6%)植入占位器术后感染得到了有效控制。Ⅱ期翻修术后到末次随访,4例患者再次出现感染,并再次行Ⅱ期翻修,感染得到控制。感染总的控制率为95.1%(252/265)。结论:术中自制抗生素骨水泥占位器控制髋关节置换术后感染具有显著效果,占位器并发症发生率较低,占位器结合钢丝、钛缆、捆绑带、异体骨板及螺钉不影响感染的控制。     

抗生素骨水泥占位器在髋关节置换后感染翻修术中的应用

目的 探讨抗生素骨水泥占位器在髋关节置换术后假体周围感染翻修术中的应用方法和作用.方法 对25例髋关节置换术后假体周围感染患者均采用一期取出假体,彻底清创、冲洗后放置占位器.术后常规使用抗生素,2周后下地不负重活动,1个月后部分负重锻炼.结果 25例(26髋)中 1例(1髋)术后2个月因内科疾患死亡;1例出现髋关节占位器脱位,经再手术复位;2例髋关节占位器断裂;24例(25髋)术后感染完全控制,并在术后3～12个月后来院行二期髋假体再置入术.结论 髋置换感染后经彻底清创置入抗生素骨水泥占位器可以提高感染的治愈率,维持关节的稳定性和下肢的长度,并可早日离床锻炼,便于二期假体再置入.     

二期翻修在人工髋关节置换术后感染治疗中的作用

[目的]探讨二期翻修手术在治疗人工髋关节置换术后感染的有效性、第二期翻修时假体的选择及异体骨植骨的可行性。[方法]运用二期翻修术治疗了24例(25髋)髋关节置换术后感染患者,9例采用灌注冲洗型占位器,16例采用抗生素骨水泥占位器。第二期重建时,16例采用生物固定髋臼,其中7例结合使用异体颗粒植骨;9例采用打压植骨技术。1例采用抗生素骨水泥固定假体;8例采用远端固定非骨水泥假体,其中4例结合使用异体支撑植骨;16例采用打压植骨技术。应用X线片及Harris评分进行评价。[结果]所有患者均获得随访,平均随访时间26.3个月(3~57个月),Harris评分从术前平均47.9分,提高到最后随访时的平均86.7分,患者满意率为92%。在最后随访时没有感染复发的病例。[结论]二期翻修手术是治疗人工髋关节置换术后感染的有效方法,临时占位器起到至关重要的作用,使用抗生素骨水泥占位器有控制感染效果好、术后抗生素使用时间短及术后不用灌注的优点。在第二期翻修重建时可以使用非骨水泥假体,并且可以同时进行异体骨植骨。     

自制关节型抗生素骨水泥占位器在人工髋关节置换术后感染二期翻修中的应用

目的 总结使用自制压模器制成的关节型抗生素骨水泥占位器在人工髋关节置换术后感染二期翻修中应用的经验与教训,评价其在髋关节置换术后感染二期翻修中的效果和作用.方法 2005年8月至2009年12月采用二期翻修治疗的髋关节置换术后感染的患者中,127例患者在一期彻底清除后,植入了使用自制压模器术中制成的关节型抗生素骨水泥占位器,待感染控制后行二期翻修.其中106例患者107髋获得随访.观察使用这种占位器控制感染的有效率,制作、植入及取出的方便程度和出现的并发症,特殊情况的使用,观察患者的功能和满意程度.结果 106例患者平均随访时间34.3个月(3～55个月),一次感染控制率为96.3%,经过二期翻修末次随访时感染控制率为94.4%.占位器柄断裂4.7%,脱位率为2.8%,二期翻修时占位器取出困难者14.0%.患者满意率为93.5%.结论 使用自制压模器制成的关节型抗生素骨水泥占位器在人工髋关节置换术后感染的二期翻修治疗中,具有制作简单、重复性好、感染控制率高、保留关节功能好、患者满意率高等优点,通过改进方法后可以减少断裂及取出困难问题,结合使用金属内固定或异体骨不会影响感染的控制率.     

二期翻修在人工膝关节置换术后感染治疗中的作用

目的探讨二期翻修手术治疗人工膝关节置换术后感染的有效性、第二期翻修时机的选择及抗生素使用的时间。方法采用二期翻修术治疗了19例膝关节置换术后感染患者，6例采用金属灌注冲洗型占位器，13例采用抗生素骨水泥占位器，其中2例为非关节型占位器，3例为部分抗生素骨水泥关节型占位器，8例为全抗生素骨水泥关节型占位器。术后定期随访，应用X线片及HSS评分进行评价。结果所有患者均获得随访，平均随访时间21个月（3—36个月），HSS评分由术前平均42．5分提高到最后复查时的88．6分，患者满意率为89．5％。在最后随访时没有感染复发的病例。结论二期翻修手术是治疗人工髋关节置换术后感染的有效方法，临时占位器起到重要的作用，使用关节型抗生素骨水泥占位器有控制感染效果好、术后抗生素使用时间短、术后功能恢复好及术后不用灌注的优点。     

髋关节感染二期翻修手术中应用骨水泥型假体占位器

假体周围感染(PJI)是全髋关节置换术后灾难性的并发症,目前二期翻修手术对于髋关节PJI仍是最为有效的治疗方法.传统的抗生素骨水泥关节型占位器的植入是二期翻修间隔期控制感染复发的关键,但既往研究中患者于间隔期髋关节功能及生活质量均处于较低水平.骨水泥型假体是较为新颖的二期翻修占位器设计,以PROSTALAC系统为代表的...     

抗生素骨水泥髋臼顶可增强人工髋关节感染翻修骨水泥占位器的稳定性

正人工髋关节感染的二期翻修间隔期,骨水泥占位器脱位、碎裂是常见的临床问题。作者应用抗生素骨水泥髋臼顶增强骨水泥占位器的稳定性,分析了47例患者(50髋)资料。发现术后无占位器脱位、碎裂和其它与抗生素骨水泥髋臼顶相关并发症。13例(26%)使用占位器超过120 d,7例翻修术后感染复发。因此认为,可以采用抗生素骨水泥     

临时占位器在治疗髋关节置换术后感染伴窦道形成中的应用

目的探讨髋关节置换术后感染伴窦道形成的治疗方法。方法 12例(13髋)髋关节置换术后感染伴窦道形成患者,术前Harris评分平均30(23~38)分,血沉平均54(38~74)mm/h。根据Fitizgerald全髋关节置换术后感染分期,2例为Ⅰ期感染,8例为Ⅱ期感染,2例为Ⅲ期感染。12例均行一期清创、假体取出、占位器植入手术,二期行翻修术10例,因经济原因放弃二期翻修2例。结果平均随访19(3~30)个月,10例翻修术前Harris评分平均74.6(69~89)分,较术前有明显提高(P0.05)。术后血沉平均10(6~17)mm/h,CRP降至正常范围,感染无复发。结论临时占位器治疗髋关节置换术后感染伴窦道形成方法可靠,术后复发率低,能有效克服髋周组织的挛缩。     

Autoclaved metal-on-cement spacer versus static spacer in two-stage revision in periprosthetic knee infection

Background:

Periprosthetic knee infection is troublesome for Orthopedic surgeons and a catastrophy for patients. Reported rates of periprosthetic joint infection following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are 0.39–2%. Two stage revision arthroplasty, which has success rates exceeding 90%, has been the gold standard for treating subacute and chronic periprosthetic infection following TKA. Antibiotic spacers, a well established means of delivering local antibiotic therapy, maintain soft tissue tension during two stage revision arthroplasty. However, controversy remains around whether static or mobile antibiotic impregnated spacers are superior for treating infection following TKA. Various mobile spacers are available, including cement-on-cement, cement-on-polyethylene and metal-on-polyethylene. In this study, the efficacy of the modified metal-on-cement spacer, consisting of reinsertion of the autoclaved femoral component and implantation of antibiotic-loaded cement in the proximal tibia, is assessed.

Materials and Methods:

Records of 19 patients diagnosed as periprosthetic knee infection were reviewed in this retrospective study. Among these patients, 10 patients received first stage debridement with the autoclaved metal-on-cement spacer and 8 patients with the static spacer, who eventually underwent two-stage re-implantation, were listed in the final comparison. Patient demographics, infection eradication rates, average range of motion (ROM), surgical time and blood loss during the second-stage of the surgery, and Knee Society (KS) knee scores at last followup after revision total knee replacement were clinically evaluated.

Results:

At a minimum of 2-year followup after re-implantation, infection eradication rates, surgical times, blood loss during the second-stage of the surgery, and KS knee score after re-implantation were similar for the two groups. Patients receiving autoclaved metal-on-cement spacers had superior ROM after re-implantation compared to that of patients with static spacers.

Conclusions:

The autoclaved metal-on-cement spacer is an effective and simple method for two-stage re-implantation of a periprosthetic knee infection. Through this spacer, the good interim ROM can be achieved without the additional cost of prefabricated molds or new polyethylene tibial inserts. In addition, ROM after re-implantation is better than that with static spacers.     

Antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer versus antibiotic irrigating metal spacer for infection management after THA

We prospectively compared the effects of an antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer and an antibiotic irrigating metal spacer in the treatment of infections after total hip arthroplasty (THA) to determine a better method for 2-stage revision of infected THA. We used a uniform protocol of a 3-month spacer interval and specific local and systemic antibiotic therapies. The clinical outcome was determined by assessing operation time, blood loss during spacer implantation, hospital stay and time in bed, and joint function. The patients were followed for a mean 61.4 months (range, 24-94 months). Antibiotic-impregnated cement spacers had a higher rate of infection control than antibiotic irrigating metal spacers (96.2% vs 76%, respectively; P<.01), with no recurrence of infections or implant loosening. Patients receiving antibiotic-impregnated cement spacers had a shorter operation time (2.42±0.65 vs 3.34±0.36 hours metal spacers; P<.01), less blood loss (1085.48±279.49 vs 1964.78±469.23 mL metal spacers; P<.01), a shorter hospital stay (24.53±4.72 days vs 51.36±3.46 days metal spacers; P<.01), and better function before the second step of the 2-stage revision (Harris Hip Score, 88.16±6.94 vs 79.54±6.48 metal spacers; P<.05), and they were free from long-term irrigation. Compared with the antibiotic irrigating metal spacer, the antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer is characterized by higher infection control rate, better joint function recovery before the second operation, shorter operation time, and less blood loss, with no continuous irrigation required.     

腰椎棘突间撑开器的研究进展

腰椎棘突间撑开器作为动态稳定系统的重要内容,通过在棘突间置入撑开装置,除了对病变节段的后伸活动有一定限制外,基本保留了椎间的生理活动,扩大了椎管以及椎间孔的容积,减轻了椎间盘后部的负荷,且对相邻节段的活动和负荷传递并没有明显的影响。从现有的资料来看,多种棘突间撑开器的生物力学和临床研究结果均令人鼓舞,本文就其应用研究现状进行了综述。     

髋关节抗生素骨水泥占位器的研究进展

感染可能是外科植入体如人工假体、髓内针、钢板的严重并发症。尽管围手术期给予适当的抗生素,但仍有相当数量患者术后发生假体周围感染(PJI)。感染的结果导致过度使用抗生素、假体移除、再手术和可能的截肢。当前,PJI通常很难预测、诊断和治疗,二期翻修术是治疗PJI的合理选择。本文仅对髋关节临时占位器(spacer)的有关研究进展作一综述。     

Metacarpophalangeal joint implant arthroplasty with a Silastic spacer

We evaluated Silastic implant arthroplasty in the metacarpophalangeal joints of rheumatoid patients by a prospective analysis of the cases of twenty-eight patients. One hundred and fifteen such implants were followed for an average of fifty-four months (range, twenty-four to 125 months). The postoperative active motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint averaged 43 degrees, from 13 degrees of extension to 56 degrees of flexion. The average range of active motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint increased 17 degrees over preoperative values. Ulnar drift recurred in forty-nine fingers (43 per cent), and fracture of the spacer occurred in twenty-four joints (21 per cent). The sites of three spacers became infected, and treatment required the amputation of one finger. Preoperative and postoperative key pinch and grip strengths were unchanged. Patient satisfaction was high; twenty patients (71 per cent) experienced significant pain relief, nineteen patients (68 per cent) felt that they had much better hand function, and twenty-three patients (82 per cent) thought that the cosmetic appearance of the hand was improved.