下颌骨多发性骨折合并髁突骨折的坚强内固定治疗

目的：探讨下颌骨多发性骨折合并髁突骨折开放复位术式的改进。方法：采用先手术松解髁突以外的下颌骨骨折段,再行髁突骨折复位坚强内固定,然后固定下颌骨其它部位。结果：本组16例采用本方法治疗,手术时间可缩短30min以上,颌间栓结时间〈2周,开口度术后3月内均获得了较为满意的恢复。结论：此方法术式成熟、髁突骨折易于复位固定、颌间固定时间短,能收到恢复下颌骨形态和功能的双重效果。     

下颌骨髁突不同类型骨折钛板内固定手术治疗相关影响因素分析

目的：分析下颌骨髁突不同类型骨折进行钛板内固定手术及其影响术后并发症的相关因素,为以后下颌骨髁突骨折治疗总结经验以便更好的为患者服务。方法：收集温州医科大学附属口腔医院2003年4月~2012年4月手术完成的下颌骨髁突骨折行钛板内固定患者,手术前后复查对比下颌骨全景片、下颌骨平扫CT、下颌骨矢状CT及颅颌三维CT重建。依据下颌骨骨折部位分为髁突囊内骨折,髁突颈部骨折,髁突基部骨折3组,对3组骨折术后患者的咬合状况、开口度、面神经功能等恢复情况进行回顾性分析。结果：210例随访病例中,术后咬合关系恢复不良30例;螺钉松动57枚,钛板断裂0例,面神经颧支损伤15例,面神经颞支损伤30例,张口受限伴下颌运动曲线患侧偏斜35例。结论：解剖手术能力或者面神经的个体变异;创口感染;不适当的应力集中、钛板和螺钉的位置、数量及固定部位,颌间牵引,关节周围相关软组织复位状况等为影响下颌骨髁突骨折坚强内固定手术并发症相关因素。     

克氏针治疗下颌骨髁突矢状骨折13例回顾性分析

目的探讨克氏针内固定方式在下颌髁突矢状骨折治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾分析2019年1月至2020年1月在广州中医药大学附属佛山市中医院口腔医疗中心就诊的下颌骨髁突矢状骨折复位后采用克氏针内固定治疗的患者,共13例19侧。治疗过程包括常规手术切开、暴露并复位游离的下颌骨髁突后,根据下颌骨髁突骨质断端情况利用2~4根克氏针固定,伴发其他部位骨折时同期手术治疗。术后1周通过CBCT评估游离的下颌骨髁突复位精准度及稳固性,通过临床检查评价咬合关系、开口度、开口型。结果所有患者骨折断端对位良好,克氏针无扭曲、折断和松脱;术后咬合关系、开口度、开口型恢复良好。结论克氏针治疗下颌骨髁突矢状骨折效果确切,有临床应用价值。     

坚强内固定在下颌骨髁突骨折治疗中的应用

目的：探讨下颌骨髁突骨折坚强内固定术的手术适应证与技术要点。方法：对开放复位坚强内固定手术治疗的92例髁突骨折患者手术前后仔细记录面形、张口受限、面神经损伤及殆关系紊乱情况,手术前后X线曲面断层片对照骨折复位与愈合殆状况。结果：髁突骨折X线复查骨折解剖复位率达94．9％,张口受限3例,错殆1例,钛板断裂1例,面神经暂时性损伤8例。结论：成人髁突骨折明显移位者应用微型钛板内固定可获得满意效果。     

髁突矢状骨折的复位与螺钉固定

目的 探讨髁突矢状骨折手术复位与螺钉固定的技巧与疗效.方法 对21例(23侧)髁突矢状骨折患者采用手术治疗,术中在髁突复位后进行螺钉(长螺钉、拉力螺钉)固定.术后早期开始下颌运动训练,术后半年内定期随访.结果 所有患者术后疗效满意,伴有下颌骨骨折的3例术后出现轻微的咬合紊乱,进行1周颌间牵引后咬合关系基本恢复正常.CT检查显示髁突复位固定理想.术后开口度基本正常,下颌运动和功能满意.结论 依据髁突矢状骨折的类型选择复位及螺钉固定,可以达到稳定的复位固定目的 .     

穿腮腺手术径路治疗下颌骨髁突骨折的临床效果评价

目的评价穿腮腺手术径路治疗下颌骨髁突骨折的临床效果。 方法对31例（共36侧）下颌骨髁突骨折的患者,穿腮腺入路行下颌骨髁突骨折切开复位钛钉钛板坚固内固定术、髁突骨折碎片取出术并髁突成形术。术后观察面型、张口度、咬合关系、面神经损伤、有无唾液腺瘘及复查颌面部CT观察骨折段的复位情况等。 结果24例（共29侧）行下颌骨髁突骨折切开复位钛钉钛板坚固内固定术,7例（共7侧）髁突骨折碎片取出术并髁突成形术,术后随访6 ~ 18个月（平均11.3个月）;通过穿腮腺手术径路骨折断端复位准确、固定良好、咬合功能恢复正常、面部外形均满意;4例患者早期出现Ⅰ~Ⅱ度张口受限,经过张闭口训练后恢复正常;5例患者出现面神经暂时性麻痹,8周后均恢复正常;1例患者出现唾液腺瘘,经过加压包2周后扎后创口愈合;4例患者出现创伤性关节紊乱症,有关节弹响、疼痛等。 结论穿腮腺手术径路治疗下颌骨髁突骨折安全有效,手术并发症少,值得临床推广应用。     

下颌骨髁突骨折手术治疗的临床观察

目的:探讨下颌骨髁突骨折患者手术适应证与临床处理技术要点。方法:开放性手术治疗髁突骨折患者25例。其中19例骨折片复位后采用坚强内固定;6例髁突粉碎性骨折者,行髁突摘除,且其中4例行带血管蒂的颞筋膜瓣关节成形术。对比患者手术前后临床症状及X线结果,评价骨折愈合情况。结果:优19例(76%),良6例(24%)。结论:对伴有移位或错位的髁突骨折,开放性手术及坚强内固定术,可获得较好的疗效。     

肉毒杆菌毒素在下颌骨颏突骨折闭合性治疗中的应用

下颌骨骨折是颌面部最常见的骨折,其中有25％-30％伴有髁突骨折。与儿童髁突骨折非手术治疗的一致性见解相比,成人髁突骨折的治疗仍存在较大争议。虽然很多文献对有关髁突骨折开放性治疗的完全性或相对适应证进行了研究,但仍没有最终证明开放性治疗较保守治疗具有优越性。目前髁突骨折的治疗大部分是基于传统治疗方法和经验。本研究旨在讨论咀嚼肌内注射肉毒杆菌毒素A保守治疗下颌骨髁突骨折的临床效果,以探讨下颌骨髁突骨折的最佳治疗方法。     

28例颏部骨折合并髁突囊内骨折伴脱位的疗效分析

目的 探讨下颌骨颏部骨折合并髁突囊内骨折伴脱位的治疗方法,并比较髁突骨折不同处理方法对治疗效果的影响。方法 2008—2013年间收治28例、44侧颏部骨折合并髁突囊内骨折患者,22侧髁突囊内骨折采用手术治疗,手术中注意保护翼外肌的附着;其余22侧采取保守治疗,术前或术中取模,术后配戴颌垫并配合弹性牵引及开口训练。应用SPSS17.0软件包对治疗结果进行Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果 手术治疗组髁突骨折22侧,术后髁突位置基本回复到关节窝内17侧,其牙弓宽度及咬合关系基本恢复,术后髁突仍然脱出关节窝5侧;保守治疗组22侧,术后髁突成功回复到关节窝内4侧,其余18侧脱出关节窝,其面下1/3仍有不同程度增宽。手术治疗组疗效评分显著优于保守治疗组（P<0.01）。结论 对颏部骨折合并髁突囊内骨折伴脱位患者,应在保持翼外肌良好附着的前提下,对脱位的髁突骨折进行复位和固定,这样有利于脱位的髁突恢复到正常的生理位置,维持下颌骨的正常宽度。     

经腮腺及腮腺周围入路治疗髁突骨折

下颌骨髁突是下颌骨结构的薄弱区之一,容易发生骨折,髁突骨折发生率占全部下颌骨骨折发生率在19～52%之间[1]。髁突周围解剖结构复杂,并且髁突骨折(治疗)后可能会带来较多并发症,所以手术治疗髁突骨折一直是专家学者的争论热点[2]。儿童单侧髁突骨折非手术治疗可以避免关节变形和影响下颌骨的发育,所以儿童髁突骨折患者多采用保     

下颌骨髁突骨折手术入路研究进展

随着坚固内固定技术和新型手术器械的迅速发展,手术治疗逐渐成为下颌骨髁突骨折治疗首选方案之一。适合的手术入路是手术的第一步,也是决定能否顺利手术和避免并发症的关键步骤,已成为口腔颌面创伤外科领域的研究热点。本文就下颌骨髁突骨折手术入路的研究进展进行综述。     

The retromandibular transparotid approach for reduction and rigid internal fixation using two locking miniplates in mandibular condylar neck fractures

We evaluated the safety, efficacy, and morbidity associated with the treatment of displaced mandibular condylar neck fractures using a retromandibular transparotid approach to reduce and rigidly fix using two 2.0-mm locking miniplates. Our surgical inclusion criteria were: patient selection of open reduction and fixation, displaced unilateral condylar fractures with derangement of occlusion, and bilateral condylar fractures with an anterior open bite. The study group consisted of 19 patients who underwent surgery for 19 mandibular condylar neck fractures; patients were analyzed prospectively, with more than 6 months of follow-up, and were evaluated in terms of functional results, scar formation, postoperative complications, and stability of fixation. The results showed that functional occlusion identical to the preoperative condition and correct anatomical reduction of the condylar segments in centric occlusion, followed by immediate functional recovery, was achieved in all patients. No patient suffered from any major or permanent complication postoperatively, although there were two cases (11%) of temporary facial nerve palsy, which resolved completely within 3 months. Surgical scars were barely visible. The retromandibular transparotid approach with open reduction and rigid internal fixation for displaced condylar neck fractures of the mandible is a feasible and safe, minimally invasive surgical technique that provides reliable clinical results.     

Follow-up of condylar fractures of the mandible in 8 patients at 18 months after transoral endoscopic-assisted open treatment.

PURPOSE: The results of endoscopic-assisted transoral approach for open reduction and miniplate fixation of condylar mandible fractures were evaluated 18 months after surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The transoral endoscopic-assisted treatment of condylar fractures was performed in 8 consecutive patients from April 1998 to December 1999 at the University Hospital Freiburg. Four of 8 condylar fractures were dislocated, and 6 of the 8 patients had additional mandibular fractures. RESULTS: Anatomic reduction was achieved in all patients without facial nerve damage. There were no signs of bony resorption and good temporomandibular joint function 18 months after surgery. In 4 patients, the transoral management of condylar fractures was facilitated by angulated drills and screw drivers. Transbuccal stab incisions were not needed in these 4 patients. In all 8 patients, visible scars were avoided. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic-assisted transoral approach proved to be a reliable surgical method for condylar fractures when dislocation with lateral override was present.     

Mini-retromandibular access to the condyle in panfacial fractures

ABSTRACT: Surgical management of panfacial fractures can be extremely challenging. The many fracture lines and lack of landmarks make it difficult to restore the facial skeletal morphology. Extracapsular fractures of the mandibular condyle require open reduction and internal fixation to restore the vertical and sagittal dimensions of the mandible, representing the base for further facial skeleton reconstruction. Six patients with panfacial fractures, including a bilateral extracapsular condylar fracture, were treated between January 2006 and November 2009. One patient underwent surgical procedure 60 days after the injury. The condylar fractures were treated via a mini-retromandibular access. Overall, the bone morphology restoration was good. In particular, all of the condylar fractures were reduced satisfactorily. No complication was detected, and no facial nerve lesion was observed. The literature contains many proposals for surgically accessing panfacial fractures. Open reduction and internal fixation of condylar fractures are crucial for restoring face height. The mini-retromandibular access is especially suitable, because it allows safe, rapid surgical management.     

24例髁突骨折经下颌后进路行坚强内固定的疗效观察

目的:介绍发生于髁突颈和髁颈以下髁突骨折用小型钛板经下颌后进路行解剖复位、坚强内固定术的方法和经验。方法:发生于髁突颈和髁颈以下骨折24例30侧,经下颌后进路以小型钛板行坚强内固定术。术后3～6个月后复查并评价疗效,复查内容包括:张口度、张口型、咬合关系、X线表现、面神经损伤情况。结果:张口度较术前明显增大,张口型偏移明显改善,错牙合3例,面神经下颌缘支损伤2例。X线检查:髁突骨折复位良好,髁突无移位。结论:下颌后进路是一种治疗髁突颈和髁颈以下骨折的有效方法。     

Non-surgical treatment of condylar fractures in adults: a retrospective analysis.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate the results of non-surgical treatment of condylar fractures in a group of 60 patients with 71 condylar fractures, in order to establish a protocol to select patients for surgical treatment of condylar fractures. MATERIAL: Out of a group of 91 patients treated in a non-surgical fashion, 60 patients with a total of 71 condylar fractures responded to the request for follow-up. METHODS: Retrospective study, including clinical analysis of occlusion, asymmetry at rest and during mouth opening, maximum interincisal distance, signs of TMJ-dysfunction and analysis of radiographic data, i.e. shortening of the ascending ramus as measured on sequential orthopantomograms. RESULTS: There were five patients (8%) with an unacceptable malocclusion of which one also had considerably limited mouth opening. Fifty-five patients (92%) had none or only minor signs of TMJ-dysfunction not requiring further treatment. CONCLUSION: Only in selected patients with shortening of the ascending ramus of 8mm or more and/or considerable displacement of the condylar fragment, surgical repositioning and rigid internal fixation should be considered.     

穿腮腺入路治疗髁颈及髁突基底部骨折

目的：探讨穿腮腺入路治疗髁颈及髁突基底部的安全性及有效性。方法：对15例（21侧）髁颈及髁突基底部骨折患者选择穿腮腺入路切开复位内固定术。结果：15例患者,21例侧髁突骨折行手术治疗。19例侧髁突骨折选择2块接骨板固定,2例侧选择1块接骨板固定。所有患者伤口均一期愈合,术后复查全口曲面断层片或三维CT示骨折断端对位良好。除1例患侧后牙暂时性轻度开外,所有患者咬合关系恢复良好。术后1个月复查,张口度32～45mm（平均38mm）。3例侧出现面神经损伤症状,术后3个月内均恢复正常,无1例出现永久性面瘫。所有患者均未出现涎瘘、感染等并发症。结论：相对于髁突骨折的颌后及颌下入路,穿腮腺入路行髁突骨折切开复位内固定术,容易暴露,可直视下完成骨折复位固定,是治疗髁颈和髁突基底部骨折安全有效的手术入路。     

髁突多发性骨折微型钛板内固定的近期观察

目的:观察髁突多发性骨折后,微型钛板内固定的疗效。方法:8例11侧髁突多发性骨折病例,术中将多发性骨折的髁突1.0cm以上的骨折片复位,微型钛板固定,基本恢复解剖形态。结果:本组病例术后张口度基本正常,前伸运动、侧向运动无障碍,咬合关系基本正常。结论:微型钛板内固定可有效的治疗髁突多发性骨折。     

中国颌面外科高年资医师髁突骨折治疗观点一致性的调查

目的 了解中国颌面外科高年资医师在髁突骨折治疗观点上的分歧及其影响因素,分析国内外同行间的观点差别.方法 依据骨折类型、移位程度、发生部位和患者年龄,从85例髁突骨折中逐步筛查出18种不同损伤情况的病例.采用现场问卷形式,对46位长期从事颌面创伤治疗的高年专科医师进行髁突骨折"手术"与"非手术"治疗观点的调查,并在讨论中与Baker的调查结果进行比较分析.结果 46位调查对象对18例骨折的治疗方案选择中,3例治疗观点具有一致性,9例观点具有倾向性,6例观点严重分歧.18例髁突骨折中,选择8例手术,4例非手术,其余治疗方案不确定.儿童骨折均主张非手术治疗,青少年髁颈下脱位性骨折主张手术治疗,与国外学者观点趋于一致.成人矢状和粉碎性骨折、髁颈和髁颈下轻度错位骨折争议较大,国外学者观点不主张手术.双侧髁颈下脱位性骨折国内外医师均主张手术.单侧髁颈和髁颈下移位性骨折,国内医师主张手术,国外医师不主张手术.结论 髁突骨折手术与非手术治疗观点方面,约1/3的国内高年资医师间存在严重分歧.对儿童骨折采用非手术治疗和成人双侧髁颈下脱位性骨折手术治疗的观点较为一致.与国外相比,国内医师更倾向于手术治疗.     

髁突骨折手术治疗的临床研究

目的：探讨手术治疗髁突骨折的适应证、技术要点和并发症的发生因素。方法：回顾分析5年来采用手术治疗的116例髁突骨折病例的临床资料,分别采取切开复位内固定术和髁突摘除术,随访3个月至3年,复查内容包括患者咬合关系、开口度、开口型、神经损伤、颞下颌关节症状、面型和X线检查。结果：外形和功能均显著恢复,113例咬合关系恢复正常,占97.4%;115例张口度恢复正常,占99.1%;X线复查髁突骨折解剖复位率94.8%;15例儿童患者恢复良好,无下颌骨发育障碍等严重并发症发生。结论：坚强内固定技术是治疗髁突骨折的较好方法,严重移位或脱位的儿童髁颈和髁颈下骨折应采用可吸收接骨板进行内固定。