内镜逆行胰胆管造影术应用于高龄胆管结石合并十二指肠憩室患者的安全性及临床疗效观察

目的 探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）应用于高龄胆管结石合并十二指肠憩室患者的安全性及临床疗效。方法 收集2012年6月－2018年6月于苏北人民医院行ERCP检查的300例高龄胆管结石患者的临床资料,根据有无合并十二指肠憩室分为两组,A组为十二指肠憩室患者,B组为非十二指肠憩室患者,比较两组患者胆管结石的复发率、不同憩室类型的胆管结石复发的差异、ERCP应用于高龄胆管结石患者的安全性及术后并发症。结果 A组胆管结石复发率为32.08%,B组为18.58%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。十二指肠憩室内乳头患者的胆管结石复发率高于憩室旁乳头及憩室间乳头患者,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。300例患者的取石成功率为93.00%,其中一次性成功取石231例,48例行第2次ERCP术后完全取出,21例取石失败。ERCP术后并发症发生率4.33%,其中高淀粉酶血症8例,一过性胆管炎2例,轻型急性胰腺炎3例,均经内科保守治疗后好转。结论 应用ERCP治疗高龄胆管结石的安全性较好,十二指肠憩室可促进胆管结石形成,其中憩室内乳头对结石的复发有较大影响。     

圈套器辅助预切开技术在困难插管内镜逆行胰胆管造影术中的应用

目的 探讨一种新的辅助胆管插管技术在内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）困难插管中的有效性和安全性。方法 在ERCP诊疗过程中，对困难插管的23例病例采用圈套器辅助预切开技术进行胆管插管。观察插管时间、插管成功率、术中术后并发症等指标。结果 22例插管成功。术中出血1例，观察后自行停止，无胰腺炎和穿孔发生，无操作相关死亡病例。结论 圈套器辅助预切开能充分暴露胆总管，层次更加清楚，操作方法简单，可以作为解决困难插管的一个备选方案。     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影术在不同类型困难胆管结石中的诊疗体会

目的 探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）在胆总管巨大结石、胆总管多发结石和消化道重建术后患者中的治疗效果，分析手术失败的原因及其影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2016年－2019年解放军联勤保障部队第九〇九医院收治的146例经ERCP治疗的困难胆管结石患者的临床资料。其中，A组（n = 43）结石直径 > 15 mm，B组（n = 21）结石数量 > 10枚，C组（n = 82）行上消化道重建。根据ERCP取石是否成功，分为取石成功组（n = 106）和取石失败组（n = 40），比较两组患者ERCP操作时间、插管次数、取石成功率、结石残余率、不良事件发生率、结石直径和消化道重建方式等，采用单因素和多因素分析困难胆管结石患者ERCP手术失败的原因。结果 3组患者操作时间、平均插管次数、结石直径、残余结石和激光碎石比较，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；单因素分析结果显示：困难胆管结石患者中，ERCP取石成功组与取石失败组ERCP操作时间、插管次数、结石数目、消化道重建和是否首次ERCP比较，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）；多因素分析结果显示：ERCP操作时间、插管次数、多发结石和消化道重建是困难胆管结石患者ERCP取石失败的危险因素（P < 0.05）。结论 ERCP取石在困难胆管结石患者中安全、可行，但需根据个体情况制定合理的治疗方案。     

两种乳头插管技术在内镜逆行胰胆管造影术中的应用研究

目的 探讨单人操作导丝乳头插管法与双人操作导丝乳头插管法在内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2019年2月－2021年2月因胆胰疾病行ERCP治疗的445例患者的临床资料,比较两种乳头插管技术在ERCP中的插管成功率和术后并发症发生情况,并初步分析术后并发高淀粉酶血症的危险因素。结果 插管总成功率为97.3%。其中,单人插管组成功率为97.5%,双人插管组成功率为97.1%,两组患者术后并发症比较,差异无统计学意义（P = 0.782）。术后发生胰腺炎22例（4.9%）,高淀粉酶血症105例（23.6%）,两组患者术后并发症比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。单人插管组和双人操作组插管时间为（7.15±0.48）和（10.70±0.71）min,ERCP完成时间为（19.24±1.26）和（23.11±1.64）min,住院时间中位数为9.0和11.0 d,单人插管组均短于双人插管组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 两种乳头插管技术ERCP插管成功率和术后并发症发生率无明显差异,单人插管技术因不需要助手密切配合,有利于缩短插管时间,减少导丝进入胰管频率和乳头损伤,降低术后并发症发生率,从而缩短住院时间。值得临床推广应用。     

合并十二指肠乳头旁憩室内镜下逆行胆胰管造影的操作方法及技巧探讨

目的探讨合并十二指肠乳头旁憩室内镜下逆行胆胰管造影(ERCP)的操作方法和技巧。方法回顾性分析2009年3月～2010年1月在该院与南医大二附院行ERCP且合并十二指肠乳头旁憩室的143例的临床资料。分析十二指肠乳头旁憩室对造影成功率及其并发症的影响。结果使用切开刀直接插管成功122例,成功率87.1%(122/140);采用双导丝技术插管8例,成功率100%(8/8);采用胰管支架置入辅助插管5例,成功率100%(5/5);针状刀预切开乳头插管5例,成功率80%(1/5),2例术中明显出血;采用小活检钳提拉乳头旁粘膜辅助插管2例,成功率100%(2/2);1例未找到十二指肠乳头,未行ERCP,总成功率为98.6%。胆总管结石患者91例(63.6%),化脓性胆管炎患者10例(7%),胆管癌患者6例(4.2%),胆总管及肝总管良性狭窄5例(3.5%),胆总管下段乳头口狭窄16例(11.1%),胆源性胰腺炎10例(7.0%),十二指肠乳头腺瘤2例(1.4%),慢性胰腺炎并胆管下段狭窄3例(2.1%)。结论合并乳头旁憩室ERCP应谨慎操作,根据乳头的特点采用不同的操作方法和技巧有助于临床提高ERCP插管的成功率,减少并发症。     

内镜治疗胆总管结石合并胆总管十二指肠乳头旁瘘的疗效及安全性分析

目的 探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）经瘘口或原始乳头治疗胆总管结石合并胆总管十二指肠乳头旁瘘（PCDF）的临床疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月－2019年12月该院收治的259例胆总管结石合并PCDF患者的临床资料,根据不同取石方式,分为乳头组（n = 141）和瘘口组（n = 118）,比较两组患者一次性取石成功率、总取石成功率、机械碎石率、操作时间、术中扩张或切开使用率和术后并发症发生率。结果 共9 390例患者行ERCP下胆总管结石取石。其中,259例（2.8%）胆总管结石合并PCDF。经瘘口胆管造影成功率为100.0%,145例因各种原因经十二指肠乳头胆总管插管造影,成功率为97.2%（141/145）。两组患者一次性取石成功率［77.1%（91/118）和79.4%（112/141）,P = 0.652］、取石总成功率［86.4%（102/118）和87.9%（124/141）,P = 0.718］、机械碎石率［9.3%（11/118）和8.5%（12/141）,P = 0.819］和操作时间［（19.83±12.24）和（18.52±11.90）min,P = 0.500］比较,差异均无统计学意义。瘘口组术中使用切开或扩张的比例明显低于乳头组［44.9%（53/118）和88.7%（125/141）,P < 0.05］,瘘口组术后急性胰腺炎［0.0%（0/118）和9.2%（13/141）］和并发症总发生率［5.1%（6/118）和22.0%（31/141）］低于乳头组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 胆总管结石合并PCDF,经瘘口行ERCP取石,可达到经原始乳头取石的同等疗效,且可降低术后急性胰腺炎发生率,操作更简单。对于胆总管结石合并PCDF患者,行ERCP应优先考虑经瘘口取石。     

导丝进入胰管的困难性胆管插管策略在内镜逆行胰胆管造影术中的应用

目的 探讨导丝进入胰管的困难性胆管插管策略应用于内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）中的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析该院63例导丝进入胰管的困难性胆管插管患者的临床资料。依次采用双导丝法、胰管预切开法和胰管支架法选择性胆管插管,根据不同胆管插管方法分为双导丝组、胰管预切开组和胰管支架组。分析各组的插管成功率、插管时间及ERCP术后并发症之间的差异。结果 3组总体插管成功率为96.8%。双导丝组、胰管预切开组及胰管支架组的插管时间分别为（70.7±28.6）、（116.6±43.2）和（129.1±88.2）s,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症总体发生率为39.3%,胰管预切开组明显高于其他两组（P < 0.05）。ERCP术后胰腺炎（PEP）总发生率为21.3%,胰管预切开组明显高于其他两组（P < 0.05）。ERCP出血发生率为6.6%。未发生重症胰腺炎和十二指肠穿孔病例。结论 导丝进入胰管后依次采用双导丝法、胰管预切开法和胰管支架法选择性胆管插管,上述方法插管成功率高,手术安全可行。     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后并发胰腺炎的相关因素分析与对策探讨

目的 探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）后并发胰腺炎（PEP）的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2018年2月－2021年2月该院343例行ERCP患者的临床资料,根据是否发生胰腺炎分为PEP组（n = 51）和非PEP组（n = 292）。采用Logistic回归法分析发生PEP的相关危险因素,并提出预防对策。结果 两组患者在性别、年龄 < 60岁、胆总管结石、胰腺炎病史、Oddi括约肌功能障碍、胰腺显影、行胰管括约肌切开术、行Oddi括约肌测压术、ERCP手术结局、插管困难和导丝多次进胰管等方面比较,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,胆总管结石、胰腺炎病史、Oddi括约肌功能障碍、胰腺显影、行胰管括约肌切开术、行Oddi括约肌测压术、ERCP手术失败、插管困难及导丝多次进胰管是PEP的独立危险因素（P < 0.05）。结论 胆总管结石、胰腺炎病史、Oddi括约肌功能障碍、胰腺显影、行胰管括约肌切开术、行Oddi括约肌测压术、ERCP手术失败、插管困难及导丝多次进胰管是PEP的独立危险因素。     

针状刀乳头预切开术在ERCP胆管插管困难中的应用及护理配合

目的观察采用针状刀实施十二指肠乳头预切开术在内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)胆管插管困难中的应用及护理。方法对经常规或胰管导丝占据法选择性胆管插管仍然困难的ERCP患者,采用针状刀行十二指肠乳头预切开术完成胆管深插管及后续治疗,观察插管的成功率及术后并发症的发生情况。结果 15例采用针状刀行乳头预切开术进行胆管深插管,成功14例,失败1例,成功率93.3%,术后发生2例高淀粉酶血症、2例出血,无1例发生急性胰腺炎、穿孔、死亡等并发症。结论经常规或胰管导丝占据法选择性胆管插管仍然困难的ERCP患者,采用针状刀行十二指肠乳头预切开术,可有效提高ERCP诊治的成功率,术前良好的心理护理及检查准备工作充分,术中娴熟的操作配合和监护是保证预切开术行ERCP胆管插管困难治疗成功的关键。     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影术治疗胆总管结石合并人类免疫缺陷病毒感染的临床分析（附12例报告）

目的 探讨分析内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）治疗胆总管结石合并人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2017年9月－2021年7月杭州市西溪医院消化内科12例胆总管结石合并HIV感染患者的临床资料,结合国内外相关文献,分析其疗效及特殊注意事项。结果 12例患者经ERCP取石均成功。4例留置胆总管内支架,8例留置鼻胆管后行胆囊切除术。1例出现ERCP术后胰腺炎,经治疗后好转。所有患者无穿孔、出血和感染等严重并发症发生。结论 ERCP治疗胆总管结石合并HIV感染有较好的临床疗效,但需要警惕特殊并发症,内镜洗消及院感防护应得到重视。     

Initial evaluation of a novel multibending backward-oblique viewing duodenoscope in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

A novel multibending backward-oblique viewing duodenoscope was developed to overcome the difficult technical aspect of deep cannulation into the bile duct during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the initial experience of a novel multibending backward-oblique viewing duodenoscope (M-D scope) for ERCP. This was a retrospective review of 23 patients with native papilla who received biliary ERCP with the M-D scope between April and December 2010.?The procedures were performed by two well-experienced endoscopists. In all patients, biliary cannulation and therapeutic procedure were successfully completed. In two patients with Billroth I gastrectomy, ERCP were initially attempted with a conventional single-bending duodenoscope, but biliary cannulations were unsuccessful. However, with the use of the M-D scope, biliary cannulation and therapeutic procedures were successfully completed. A novel multibending backward-oblique viewing duodenoscope is safe and feasible for therapeutic and diagnostic ERCP.     

A novel second-generation multibending backward-oblique viewing duodenoscope in ERCP

Introduction: Successful access to the papilla and cannulation of the desired duct can be technically challenging. A novel second-generation multi-bending backward-oblique viewing duodenoscope (2nd M-D scope) was developed to overcome this difficulty. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the utility of 2nd M-D scope during biliary ERCP. Material and methods: This was a retrospective review of 53 patients with native papilla who underwent biliary ERCP with the 2nd M-D scope. Results: Biliary cannulation and interventional procedures were successfully completed in all patients. In two of these patients, ERCP was initially attempted with a conventional single bending duodenoscope, but biliary cannulation was unsuccessful; one had Billroth-I gastrectomy, and the other had a Type III choledochal cyst. However, with the 2nd M-D scope, biliary cannulation and interventional procedures were successfully achieved. Finally, in nine patients, upward or downward angulation of the proximal bending portion in addition to the distal bending portion was used during ERCP, and the operator’s comments demonstrated that it was helpful for obtaining an appropriate en face view to look up to the papilla and facilitate successful biliary cannulation. Conclusion: The newly developed 2nd M-D scope could safely facilitate biliary cannulation in selected patients during ERCP.     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影术用于老年胆总管结石效果及术后并发症的危险因素分析

目的 评价内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)用于老年胆总管结石效果及并发胰腺和胆道感染的危险因素.方法 收集2019年3月-2020年5月入院行ERCP的300例老年胆总管结石患者的基本情况、临床资料和既往病史等,观察其治疗效果,并分析探讨术后并发症的危险因素.结果 300例老年胆总管结石患者经ERCP治疗后,取石成功率...     

Snare-assisted precutting and dual-knife fistulotomy performed during difficult biliary cannulation in a patient with an ectopic papilla of Vater

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatobiliary diseases; however, successful biliary cannulation is a prerequisite for this operation. We herein present a new method in a patient in whom cannulation was difficult. A 56-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with choledocholithiasis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed, and duodenoscopy revealed that the patient’s duodenal papilla was located at the initial part of the horizontal segment of the duodenum. Because of the ectopic location of the duodenal papilla, the guidewire could not be inserted into the biliary and pancreatic duct. Therefore, we performed a new method to resolve the problem of difficult cannulation. A polypectomy snare was used to excise the mucosa covering the surface of the intramural segment of the common bile duct, and a dual knife was used to form a fistula. A guidewire was then inserted through the stoma into the bile duct. After the procedure, the bile duct was successfully cannulated and the stones were removed. No complications occurred. This new method may be an alternative treatment to precutting for difficult biliary cannulation in patients with a protruded papilla of Vater.     

针状切开刀在治疗性ERCP插管困难病例中的应用

目的探讨用针状切开刀为主的乳头括约肌预切开术（PST）在治疗性逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）插管困难病例中的应用,并对其在治疗性ERCP中的作用和安全性作回顾性评价。方法954例常规ERCP病例中,70例患者在实施ERCP治疗操作中,当常规方法不能使胆系显影或胆道深部插管困难时,即用标准切开刀（经胰管）和针状切开刀行乳头预切开,观察预切开的效果和近期并发症。结果常规ERCP诊治成功884例92．6％,失败70例中用各种针状预切开术,成功率达88．5％,使用各种针状预切开术后使ERCP成功率提升6．6个百分点,使成功率由92．6％提升达到99．2％。两者差别显著（P〈0．001）。常规ERCP的并发症为8．69％,无内镜相关死亡。新式预切开术组并发症为10％,且与常规ERCP组相比并发症无差异。（P〉0．05）。结论本文介绍的针状切为主的乳头括约肌预切开术及粘膜桥切断技术和开口上移技术在治疗性ERCP遇到深插管困难情况下是一种行之有效的操作技术,可明显提高成功率,且并发症少。     

针形刀预切开术在老年患者胆道远端恶性狭窄支架置入中的应用

目的 研究针形刀预切开术在老年胆管远端恶性狭窄患者中行内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)支架置入的应用效果.方法 选取常州市第一人民医院2018年1月-2021年1月47例明确诊断为胆管远端恶性狭窄且常规插管失败而行针形刀预切开术的老年患者(年龄>70岁).其中,男29例,女18例;年龄71～93岁,平均81.04岁;十...     

A pilot study of the novel offset-tip papillotome for selective biliary cannulation in ERCP

Abstract

Introduction: We developed a new offset-tip papillotome to facilitate biliary cannulation and reduce the incidence of unintended contrast injection into the pancreatic duct during ERCP. The aim of the present retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the utility of the novel offset-tip papillotome in achievement of biliary cannulation, and prevention of unintended contrast injection into the pancreatic duct during ERCP, compared with a standard straight-tip catheter. Material and methods: Patients with native papilla who required biliary ERCP were retrospectively reviewed. Biliary ERCPs were performed by two experienced endoscopists using either the offset-tip papillotome or a standard catheter. Patients in whom ERCP involved fellows in training were excluded. Results: Eighty-five patients were included and divided into two cohorts: The offset-tip papillotome (OT; n = 40) and the standard straight-tip cohort (ST; n = 45). Biliary cannulation success rates in OT and ST cohort were 92.5% and 88.9%, respectively. The frequency of unintended contrast injection into the pancreatic duct and time to biliary cannulation of the OT cohort during biliary cannulation were significantly less than those of the ST cohort (0.56 vs. 1.65 times and 103.3 vs. 287.9 seconds). Conclusion: The novel offset-tip papillotome could reduce the incidence of unintended contrast injection into the pancreatic duct and the time to biliary cannulation.     

Association of periampullary duodenal diverticula with bile duct stones and with technical success of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Periampullary diverticula are thought to be associated with bile duct stones. However, studies to date have been inconclusive as they have not taken into account the influence of age. Our study analysed the association of diverticula with bile duct stones and with the technical success of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 415 consecutive patients who were undergoing ERCP were prospectively entered into a database. Of these patients, 83 (20 %; mean age 73 years; 34 men, 49 women) were found to have diverticula. The age-matched control group comprised 261 patients (mean age 72 years; 106 men, 155 women). The chi-squared test was used to analyse the results. RESULTS: In the diverticula group, 53 (64 %) had bile duct stones, compared with 86 (33 %) of the controls ( P < 0.0001), with an odds ratio of 3.6. Significantly more patients in the diverticula group had primary bile duct stones; also significantly more of them had stones in both the bile duct and gallbladder. There was no difference between the two groups with regard to previous history of pancreatitis (10 % in the diverticula group vs. 11 % in the control group). There were no significant differences found between the diverticula group and the control group in terms of successful duct cannulation (94 % in both groups), sphincterotomies (96 % vs. 98 %) or stone extraction (94 % vs. 88 %). The incidence of complications was similar in the two groups (diverticula group 5 % vs. control group 3.3 %). CONCLUSIONS: Periampullary diverticula are associated with an increased incidence of bile duct stones but not with pancreatitis. Diverticula did not cause any technical difficulties at ERCP or increase the risk of complications.