乳头状肾细胞癌预后预测模型的构建与验证：一项基于SEER数据库的回顾性研究

目的 建立一个用于评估乳头状肾细胞癌（papillary renal cell carcinoma，PRCC）预后的列线图。方法 获取SEER（Surveillance，Epidemiology，and End Results）数据库的6 028例PRCC患者的临床数据，并将其随机分为训练队列（n=4 220）和验证队列（n=1 808）。使用Cox比例风险回归分析来筛选与PRCC预后相关的临床病理特征。基于Cox模型，构建一个列线图预测PRCC患者的预后，用受试者操作特征曲线及C指数检测模型的区分度，用校准图来评估列线图的预测准确性。结果 从SEER数据库中检索到6 028例PRCC患者的数据。Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示，诊断时的年龄、级别、肿瘤淋巴结转移分期（TNM，AJCC，第7版）、手术治疗、肿瘤数量和婚姻状况是重要的独立预后变量。将所有变量合并以建立列线图。在训练和验证队列中，列线图模型的C指数分别为0.807（95%CI=0.779~0.834）和0.800（95%CI=0.759~0.841），而AJCC TNM分期的C指数分别为0.686（95%CI=0.667~0.706）和0.668（95%CI=0.638~0.697），表明与AJCC TNM分期系统相比，列线图在训练和验证队列中都表现出了良好的总生存率（overall survival，OS）预测能力。校准曲线显示列线图的生存率预测与实际生存率之间高度一致。结论 本研究构建的列线图显示出良好的预测性能，有助于临床评估PRCC患者OS，从而为患者制定个体化的治疗策略提供依据。     

神经重症患者术后颅内感染列线图模型的构建

目的：建立预测神经重症患者术后颅内感染风险的列线图模型。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年1月南京医科大学第一附属医院神经外科监护病房行开颅手术的200例患者的临床资料。按照7∶3的比例随机分为训练集（n=140）和验证集（n=60）。采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归筛选神经重症患者术后发生颅内感染的危险因素并构建列线图预测模型。通过绘制受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic，ROC）曲线及决策曲线分析（decision curve analysis，DCA）评价模型的效能及临床净获益。结果：神经重症患者的原发病、脑室外引流时间、腰大池引流时间是术后发生颅内感染的危险因素 （P ＜ 0.05）。绘制列线图模型的ROC曲线显示，训练集和验证集的曲线下面积（area under curve，AUC）分别为0.774（95%CI： 0.695~0.853）、0.831（95%CI：0.725~0.936），DCA曲线显示颅内感染发生的预测可提高临床获益率。结论：基于神经重症术后颅内感染的危险因素构建了列线图预测模型，有助于早期筛查神经重症术后颅内感染高危患者，利于早期诊治，改善患者预后。     

基于SEER数据库异时双原发肺癌预后模型的构建和验证

目的：　运用回顾性研究的分析方法,探究异时双原发肺癌（metachronous dual primary lung cancer,mDPLC）的独立预后因素,并建立列线图预后模型。方法：　通过美国癌症监测、流行病学和结果（Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results,SEER）数据库获得mDPLC患者的临床数据。将数据分为训练集和验证集进行建模和验证。采用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析确定训练集患者的独立预后因素,并纳入列线图对患者生存时间进行预测。通过C-指数、校准图、受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线、决策曲线分析（decision curve analyses,DCA）和综合鉴别改进（integrated discrimination improvement,IDI）评分对预后模型的准确性和可靠性进行评价。结果：　共有610例mDPLC患者纳入训练集,260例mDPLC患者纳入验证集。Cox回归分析表明,年龄（59~76岁：HR=1.453,95%CI=1.007~2.096,P=0.046;≥77岁：HR=1.953,95%CI=1.303~2.926,P<0.001）、性别（女性：HR=0.669,95%CI=0.529~0.845,P=0.001）、病理类型（腺癌+鳞癌：HR=2.251,95%CI=1.583~3.200,P<0.001）、TNM 分期（Ⅲ：HR=1.611,95%CI=1.126~2.305,P=0.009;Ⅳ：HR=2.443,95%CI=1.713~3.486,P<0.001）、淋巴结转移（是：HR=1.653,95%CI=1.199 ~2.280,P=0.002）、手术（1次：HR=1.431,95%CI=1.110~1.844,P=0.006;0次：HR=1.845,95%CI=1.183~2.878,P=0.007）和化疗（是+否：HR=0.603,95%CI=0.433~0.842,P=0.003）是独立预后因素。训练集和验证集的C-指数分别为0.711（95%CI=0.696~0.726,P<0.05）,0.677（95%CI=0.655~0.699,P<0.05）。训练集中ROC曲线的3年生存率和5年生存率AUC值分别为0.756（95%CI=0.713~0.800,P<0.05）和0.785（95%CI=0.732~0.838,P<0.05）,验证集中ROC曲线的3年生存率和5年生存率AUC值分别是0.695（95%CI=0.621~0.769,P<0.05）和0.711（95%CI=0.618~0.804,P<0.05）。训练集中3年和5年的IDI值分别为9.0%（P<0.001）和11.9%（P<0.001）,验证集中3年和5年的IDI值分别为6.6%（P<0.001）和7.8%（P<0.001）。根据独立预后因素建立的模型经验证可准确预测患者预后,并且效果优于TNM分期。结论：　本研究建立了一个mDPLC预后预测模型,内部验证表明该模型具有较好的效能,可为mDPLC患者提供准确和个性化的生存预测。     

子痫前期不良妊娠结局的影响因素和风险预测模型建立与验证

目的：　探讨子痫前期（preeclampsia,PE）不良妊娠结局的影响因素并构建风险预测模型。方法：　回顾性选取2018年6月至2020年12月苏州大学附属苏州九院和南通大学附属医院收治的PE患者作为建模集（模型开发）,以患者入院48 h内是否出现不良妊娠结局划分为不良组、非不良组。对2组各项指标进行单因素筛选,再行多因素logistic回归分析PE不良妊娠结局的影响因素。基于筛选结果,利用R语言构建风险预测列线图模型。采用受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ＲＯＣ）曲线分析和拟合优度偏差性检验评价模型的表现。采用Bootstrap法（自抽样法）验证并制作校准图;采用决策曲线评价模型的临床获益率。选取2021年1月至2022年3月苏州大学附属苏州九院收治的PE患者作为验证集。结果：　共纳入381例PE患者作为建模集,其中126例发生不良妊娠结局,255例未发生不良妊娠结局;共纳入102例PE患者作为验证集,其中34例发生不良妊娠结局,68例未发生不良妊娠结局。Logistic回归分析显示：入院孕周越小（OR=2.672,95%CI=1.495～5.153）、临床症状数目越多（OR=2.643,95%CI=1.394～4.917）、24 h蛋白尿定量越高（OR=3.662,95%CI=1.982～7.604）、血小板计数越低（OR=2.396,95%CI=1.307～4.653）、D-二聚体越高（OR=2.929,95%CI=1.728～5.843）、miR-21表达量越高（OR=4.302,95%CI=2.426～9.185）均是PE患者发生不良妊娠结局的影响因素（P<0.05）。基于上述6个因素构建风险预测列线图模型,模型的ROC曲线下面积（area under the curve,AUC）为0.912（95%CI=0.864～0.956）,最佳截断值（阈概率）为0.32,此时的灵敏度和特异度分别0.889、0.845;拟合优度偏差性检验（χ²=4.214,P=0.837）;偏差校准曲线平均绝对误差为0.013。验证集的AUC为0.904（95%CI=0.842～0.936）,灵敏度和特异度分别0.874、0.823;拟合优度偏差性检验（χ²=3.720,P=0.729）;偏差校准曲线平均绝对误差为0.021。当决策曲线中阈概率值设为32.0%,建模集和验证集的临床获益率分别为69%、76%。结论：　PE患者的不良妊娠结局与入院孕周、临床症状数目、24 h蛋白尿定量、血小板计数、D-二聚体、miR-21表达量相关,以此构建风险预测列线图模型具有较高的预测效能。     

早发急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者预后风险列线图模型的构建与验证

目的：分析早发ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者的危险因素,并建立预测早发STEMI患者术后主要心血管不良事件(major adverse cardiac events,MACE)发生风险的列线图模型。方法：选取2017年 1 月—2018 年 12 月在南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院诊断为早发 STEMI 并行经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗的166例患者为研究对象,并随访24个月,依据MACE的发生情况,分为MACE组(62例)与非MACE组 (104例)。利用LASSO回归与Cox回归分析筛选危险因素,并构建列线图预测模型。通过受试者工作特征曲线(receiver opera- ting characteristic curve,ROC)、临床决策曲线(decision curve analysis,DCA)、校准曲线等评估模型的效能,并通过Bootstrap法自抽样验证模型的稳定性。结果：LASSO 回归与 Cox 回归结果表明中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(neutrophil gelatin- ase associated lipocalin,NGAL)、肌酐、发生 AMI 至梗死相关动脉开通的时间、左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)、梗死相关动脉为早发STEMI患者术后发生MACE的重要危险因素(P ＜ 0.05),利用这5个预测指标构建了列线图预测模型。在PCI术后6、12、24个月,模型的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.95(95% CI：0.89~1.00)、0.94(95% CI：0.80~0.99)、0.87(95% CI： 0.82~0.93),均大于单个危险因素;Calibration校准曲线接近理想曲线;DCA曲线显示列线图预测模型在0.25~1阈值概率范围内的表现更好。结论：本研究根据早发STEMI患者PCI术后发生MACE的危险因素构建了列线图预测模型,经Bootstrap内部验证后,该预测模型具有较好的效能与稳定性,能够较为准确地预测早发STEMI患者PCI术后6、12、24个月MACE的发生风险。这有助于针对早发STEMI高危患者进行个体化干预治疗,改善其预后。     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值和预后营养指数在帕金森病患者伴发抑郁中的预测价值

目的：探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR）和预后营养指数（prognostic nutritional in- dex,PNI）对帕金森病（Parkinson’s disease,PD）患者伴抑郁中的预测价值,构建并验证PD患者伴发抑郁风险的列线图预测模型。方法：连续收集就诊于南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院的182例PD患者为PD组,根据汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项（hamilton depression rating scale-24,HAMD-24）评分将PD患者分为PD不伴抑郁组和PD伴抑郁组,并选取同期175例健康体检人群为健康对照组,进行组间临床资料差异比较,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨PD患者伴发抑郁的影响因素,并据此构建和验证个体化预测PD患者伴发抑郁风险的列线图模型。结果：PD组PNI低于健康对照组,而NLR高于健康对照组（P < 0.05）。PD伴抑郁组 NLR、左旋多巴胺等效剂量（levodopa equivalant dose,LED）、Hoehn-Yahr 分期、病程和统一帕金森病评定量表第三部分 （part Ⅲ of the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale,UPDRS -Ⅲ）均高于 PD 不伴抑郁组,而 PNI 低于 PD 不伴抑郁组（P < 0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示NLR、LED和UPDRS-Ⅲ评分的是PD患者伴发抑郁的独立危险因素,而PNI是PD患者伴发抑郁的独立保护因素。基于多因素Logistic回归分析结果构建个体化预测PD患者伴发抑郁风险的列线图模型,该列线图模型的受试者工作特征（reciever operating characteristic curve,ROC）曲线下面积（area under curve,AUC）为 0.835（95%CI： 0.776~0.893,P < 0.01）。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合度检验结果为χ² =11.576（P > 0.05）。结论：基于PNI、NLR、LED和UPDRS-Ⅲ构建的个体化列线图模型可有效预测PD患者伴发抑郁的风险,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI后左心室壁瘤形成的影响因素分析及预测模型的初步构建

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后左心室壁瘤（LVA）形成的影响因素,并在此基础上初步构建LVA形成的预测模型。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月—2023年1月上饶市人民医院收治的110例STEMI患者的临床资料,按照PCI后是否发生LVA分为无LVA组（76例）和LVA组（34例）,采用单因素分析及多因素逐步Logistic回归分析筛选STEMI患者PCI后LVA形成的影响因素,根据多因素分析结果,初步构建STEMI患者PCI后LVA形成的预测模型,并绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析LVA形成预测模型预测STEMI患者PCI后LVA形成的价值。结果 LVA组女性占比、饮酒率、C反应蛋白（C-CRP）、脑钠肽（BNP）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）水平均高于无LVA组（P <0.05）,左心室射血分数（LVEF）水平低于无LVA组（P <0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果表明,LVEF、CRP、BNP、MMP-9预测STEMI患者PCI后LVA形成的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.836、0.860、0.868和0.803,预测LVA形成的临界值分别为49.478%、27.905 mg/L、389.798 pg/mL、279.807 pg/mL。多因素逐步Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性［O^R=3.589（95% CI：1.428,7.215）］、饮酒［O^R=2.694（95% CI：1.437,5.482）］、LVEF ≤ 49.478% ［O^R=3.978（95% CI：0.537,1.176）］、CRP ≥ 27.905 mg/L ［O^R=4.959（95% CI：2.003,19.350）］、BNP ≥ 389.798 pg/mL ［O^R=2.739（95% CI：1.455,5.712）］、MMP-9 ≥ 279.807 pg/mL ［O^R=5.105（95% CI：1.684,14.178）］是STEMI患者PCI后LVA形成的危险因素（P <0.05）。根据多因素分析结果,将临床相关指标LVEF、CRP、BNP、MMP-9纳入LVA形成预测模型,Logit（P） = -31.584 + 1.381X_LVEF + 1.601X_CRP + 1.007X_BNP + 1.630X_MMP-9。ROC曲线分析结果表明,该模型预测STEMI患者PCI后LVA形成的临界值为31.580,AUC为0.941,敏感性为92.1%（95% CI：0.846,0.988）,特异性为88.2%（95% CI：0.754,0.934）。LVA形成预测模型的敏感性优于各项指标单独预测。结论 女性、饮酒及LVEF、CRP、BNP、MMP-9水平是STEMI患者PCI后LVA形成的危险因素,临床应对存在该危险因素的患者进行长期跟踪随访,尽早发现LVA的发生,以便早期治疗。     

血清CC-16水平用于ARDS患者预后的临床价值研究

目的 探讨血清Clara细胞分泌蛋白-16（Clara cell protein-16,CC-16）水平用于急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者短期预后的临床价值。方法 纳入2014年4月~2016年4月住院的ARDS患者97例,根据ARDS严重程度分为轻度ARDS组（n=28）、中度ARDS组（n=33）及重度ARDS组（n=36）。根据住院30天病死情况,分为生存组（n=57）及病死组（n=40）。所有患者入院时检测常规实验室指标及血清CC-16水平,记录APACHEⅡ及SOFA评分。ROC曲线检测CC-16、APACHEⅡ及SOFA评分的预后价值。结果 不同严重程度ARDS患者血清CC-16水平由高至低分别为重度ARDS组（27.33±8.14ng/ml）、中度ARDS组（20.27±6.97ng/ml）及轻度ARDS组（13.87±5.23ng/ml）。住院30天内病死的ARDS患者基线血清CC-16水平显著高于生存患者（24.98±8.33 vs 18.03±8.05,P=0.000）。CC-16单独使用的AUC为0.782（95%CI：0.691~0.872）,CC-16联合APACHEⅡ及SOFA评分的 AUC为0.811（95%CI：0.728~0.895）。基线血清CC-16水平较低（<18.78ng/ml）患者30天总体生存率显著高于CC-16水平较高（≥ 18.78ng/ml）的患者（83.7% vs 38.9%,P=0.000）。结论 血清CC-16水平可作为ARDS患者短期病死情况的预后指标。     

结直肠腺瘤危险因素列线图的建立与评价

目的 对结直肠腺瘤的危险因素进行临床分析,构建结直肠腺瘤发生风险的列线图预测模型并评价预测效能。方法 回顾性收集2018年1月~2019年6月于青岛市市立医院行结肠镜检查的1066例患者,其中496例经病理诊断为结直肠腺瘤的患者纳入腺瘤组,另外570例结肠镜检查未见明显异常,或病理诊断为炎性或增生性息肉者纳入非腺瘤组。通过单因素及多因素分析评价结直肠腺瘤发生的独立危险因素;应用R软件建立预测结直肠腺瘤发生风险的列线图模型,用Bootstrap法进行模型内部验证,采用Calibration校准曲线及受试者工作特征曲线评价列线图的预测效能。结果 单因素及多因素分析结果显示,高龄(OR=1.068,95%CI:1.049~1.087,P<0.001)、男性(OR=0.593,95%CI:0.396~0.886,P=0.011)、嗜酒(OR=1.847,95%CI:1.085~3.144,P=0.024)、有肿瘤家族史(OR=1.778,95%CI:1.241~2.547,P=0.002)、大便习惯改变(OR=3.508,95%CI:2.496~4.930,P<0.001)、有糖尿病史(OR=1.832,95%CI:1.179~2.846,P=0.007)、高中性粒细胞计数与淋巴细胞计数比值(OR=2.861,95%CI:2.055~3.982,P<0.001)、高癌胚抗原(OR=1.391,95%CI:1.229~1.574,P<0.001)是结直肠腺瘤发生的独立危险因素,列线图预测模型的C指数为0.780,验证模型的C指数为0.774。结论 该研究构建的列线图预测模型具有较高的预测准确性,为筛选结直肠腺瘤发病的高危人群提供了依据,为临床医生内镜检查前提供了参考。     

西藏地区不同血红蛋白水平与院内急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者转归分析

目的 探讨西藏高原地区不同血红蛋白（Hb）水平对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）近期院内主要心脏不良事件（MACE）的影响。方法 回顾性分析2013年10月—2018年10月西藏自治区人民医院高原病心血管内科收治的STEMI患者的临床资料，根据Hb水平分为正常组110例（男性：120 g/L≤Hb≤160 g/L，女性：110 g/L≤Hb≤150 g/L）、较高组69例（男性：160 g/L<Hb<180 g/L，女性：150 g/L<Hb<180 g/L）、极高组121例（Hb≥180 g/L）。对3组近期MACE的发生率进行分析。结果 极高组患者较其他两组年龄偏小，吸烟及饮酒史情况发生率较高（P <0.05），白细胞、尿酸、白蛋白水平较高（P <0.05），低密度脂蛋白、D-二聚体较低（P <0.05）。正常组患者Killip分级中Ⅲ、Ⅳ级发生率较高（P <0.05）。3组患者住院时间及院内MACE发生率差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。多因素Cox回归显示，中国心肌梗死注册登记研究-ST段抬高型心肌梗死（CAMI-STEMI）评分［R=1.165（95% CI：1.007，1.347），P =0.040］、心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验（TIMI）评分［R=0.861（95% CI：0.755，0.980），P =0.024］是患者院内MACE发生率的独立预测因子。结论 高血红蛋白水平与近期院内心血管不良事件无关，其远期心血管风险是否具有相关性需要进一步探讨。CAMI-STEMI评分、TIMI评分是西藏高原地区STEMI患者院内MACE发生率的独立预测因子。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.