仙人掌原液毒性的初步研究

背景与目的： 研究仙人掌原液的毒性。 材料与方法： 小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30 d喂养试验。 结果： 仙人掌原液雌、雄小鼠LD50均大于20.0 g/kg,属无毒物质;Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;大鼠30 d喂养试验结果显示该样品30 d喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未见毒性作用。结论： 在本次实验条件下,仙人掌原液为无毒物质,未显示有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性作用。     

食管平滑肌瘤10例临床治疗体会

我院１９７５年６月～１９９０年７月共收治食管平滑肌瘤１０例，占同期食管肿瘤总数的０．１９２％（１０／１０９２）。位于食管上段２例，中段５例，下段３例。Ｘ线食管钡餐造影是诊断本病的主要方法。行食管粘膜外肿瘤摘除９例，食管部分切除１例，效果良好。本文就其诊断与手术治疗进行了讨论。     

中晚期贲门癌148例的外科治疗

目的　总结贲门癌手术治疗影响生存率的因素 ,提供今后工作参考。方法　对 14 8例经手术治疗的贲门癌患者进行术后并发症、绝对生存率的X2 检验。结果　本组切除率为 94.5 9% ,近半胃切除占 72 .14 % ,1、3、5年生存率分别为 67.9%、45 %和 2 4.3 %。病期、外侵程度和淋巴结转移等因素对 5年生存率有显著影响 (P <0 .0 1)。术后并发症以吻合口瘘及肺癌并发症为多见 ,其发生率为 3 .6% ,手术死亡率 1.4%。结论　提高生存率的关键在于早期诊断 ,根治手术和术后积极综合治疗。     

胆囊癌29例分析

目的探索胆囊癌的防治方法。方法分析29例胆囊癌病人临床资料、治疗方法及结果。结果术前诊断明确者21例，剖腹探查发现已属晚期，9例为Ⅳ期行根治术，12例为Ⅴ期未行根治术，均于术后1年内死亡。术前怀疑胆囊癌者5例，剖腹探查冰冻切片证实为Ⅴ期及Ⅳ期者各1例，Ⅴ期未行根治术，Ⅳ期行根治术，均于术后1年内死亡；Ⅲ期者3例，行胆囊癌根治术分别于术后10月、13月、17月死亡。2例术中冰冻切片发现的Ⅱ期胆囊癌，行胆囊癌根治术，分别于术后23月、26月死亡。1例意外胆囊癌属Ⅰ期胆囊癌，术后5年半死亡。结论要减少胆囊癌危害，重在及时治疗胆囊结石。     

仙人掌原毒性的初步研究

背景与目的:研究仙人掌原液的毒性。材料与方法:小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30 d喂养试验。结果:仙人掌原液雌、雄小鼠LD50均大于20.0 g／kg,属无毒物质;Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;大鼠30 d喂养试验结果显示该样品30 d喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未见毒性作用。结论:在本次实验条件下,仙人掌原液为无毒物质,未显示有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性作用。     

Management of intracranial metastases of differentiated carcinoma of thyroid

Summary Brain metastases in differentiated carinoma of the thyroid is a rare occurrence. We treated five documented cases of carcinoma of thyroid with brain metastases out of 400 cases of thyroid cancer treated between 1972 to 1993. 4 were females out of which one was pregnant during the appearance of brain metastases. All cases were treated with thyroidectomy, and radioiodine as primary therapy. Brain metastases developed 6 months to 11 years following treatment of the primary and were treated with radiotherapy and suppressive levothyroxine. We observed the beneficial effect of suppressive thyroxine and the poor prognosis associated with pregnancy and withdrawl of thyroid replacement therapy. 3 of the 5 patients are alive 12–23 months after treatment for brain metastases, while 2 patients died at 4 months and 7 years post brain metastases due to pulmonary and hepatic failure, respectively.     

乳腺叶状囊肉瘤320例诊治分析

目的探讨乳腺叶状囊肉瘤临床诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾分析经手术病理确诊为乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的320例患者的诊断和治疗情况。结果行乳腺X片检查121例,B超检查25例,近红外检查21例,针吸细胞学检查42例;15例(12.4%)乳腺X片检查及3例(14.3%)近红外检查诊断为乳腺叶状囊肉瘤。临床诊断正确率为17.5%(56/320),误诊率为82.5%(264/320)。随访253例患者,其中局部复发45例(17.8%),远处转移死亡13例(5.1%)。结论乳腺叶状囊肉瘤诊断需常规病理检查,治疗宜行局部广泛切除或全乳切除。     

胆囊腺瘤癌变的相关因素分析

目的:探讨胆囊腺瘤癌变与临床因素的相关性。方法:应用ROC曲线,计算胆囊腺瘤癌变的肿瘤大小临界值。应用χ2独立性检验,计算胆囊腺瘤癌变与临床因素的相关性、临床表现与肿瘤位置的相关性。结果:肿瘤良恶性临界值为2.27 cm。胆囊腺瘤癌变与患者的性别、年龄、是否合并结石无明显相关性（P＞0.05）,而与肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目、形态、超声下是否有血流(P＜0.05)等临床病理特征有明显相关性。临床症状与肿瘤是否位于胆囊颈部有明显相关性(P＜0.05)。结论:胆囊腺瘤在超声扫描下表现为单发、无蒂、有血流、直径大于2.27 cm,应高度怀疑已有恶变。肿瘤位于胆囊颈部可引起右上腹胀痛、疼痛向右背部放射、恶心呕吐等临床表现。     

恶性肿瘤肝转移假性肝硬化发生机制及诊疗的研究进展

随着对恶性肿瘤的深入研究,越来越多的肿瘤患者接受到更规范更多线的治疗.更多线的化疗及靶向治疗,使一部分恶性肿瘤肝转移患者的肝脏发生类似肝硬化的形态学及临床改变,称之为假性肝硬化.由于假性肝硬化罕见,对于它的认识多来自于个案报道.因此,本文通过综述国内外关于假性肝硬化的个案报道及相关研究,对其发生机制、影像学及临床表现和...     

Clinico-Pathological Study of 50 Cases of Tumours of Larynx

Otoacoustic emissions have been advocated in the management of otitis media with effusion. However, otoacoustic emissions cannot differentiate different types of hearing loss. This study was conducted to find factor that can differentiate otitis media with effusion from other common causes of hearing loss in children. Children were enrolled in the study and divided in four groups consisting of 25 ears each after pure tone and impedance audiometry: (1) Otitis media with effusion group, (2) Normal ear group, (3) Sensory-neural hearing loss group, (4) Chronic suppurative otitis media group. Otoacoustic emissions were recorded and results were analyzed statistically. The normal hearing group had significant difference from other groups but total band reproducibility of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions did not show any statistical difference in the cases groups. In distortion product otoacoustic emissions, group 1 showed significant difference from group 3 and group 1 had significant difference from all other groups at 4 kHz. The study did not find any factor that differentiates otitis media with effusion from other diseases. Although, distortion product otoacoustic emissions can indicate otitis media with effusion but impedance audiometry should be the main tool in the management of otitis media with effusion.     

Lack of Influence of Pregnancy on the Prognosis of Survivors of Thyroid Cancer

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of pregnancy on prognosis of thyroid cancer.Methods: A total of 72 patients aged between 15-45 years who underwent total or subtotal thyroidectomy andsubsequently radioablation were followed up under suppression. Individuals who had term pregnancies afterdiagnosis of cancer (group 1, n: 36) and who were non-pregnant (group 2, n:36) were included in the study.Both groups were compared in terms of scintigraphic relapse and metastasis, ultrasonographic relapse, stagechange of lympadenopathy at the beginning and at the end of the study. Results: Relapse was detected in 4 outof 36 pregnant patients (11.1%) and in 5 out of 36 non-pregnant patients (13.9%) with no significant differencebetween groups (p=1.00). Pathologic lymphadenopathy was detected in 2 out of 36 pregnant patients (5.6%) andin 2 out of 36 non-pregnant patients (5.6%) (p=1.00), and metastasis in 3 (8.3%) and in 1 (2.8%), respectively(p=0.61). While stage change was detected in only one pregnant patient (2.8%), and none of the non-pregnantagain there was no significant difference (p=1.00). Conclusions: We conclude that pregnancy does not have aninfluence on prognosis of thyroid cancer.     

An audit of outcomes of a series of periampullary carcinomas

Background

Non-pancreatic periampullary carcinoma such as ampullary carcinoma (AmpCA), distal cholangiocellular carcinoma (CholCA) and duodenal carcinoma (DuoCA) have a better prognosis than pancreatic head adenocarcinoma (PanCA). This study describes the outcome and parameters, which predict survival of non-pancreatic periampullary carcinoma after resection.

Methods and patients

Data from 148 consecutive patients with non-pancreatic periampullary carcinomas were recorded prospectively between 1993 and 2005 and analyzed using univariate and multivariate models.

Results

One hundred thirty-three of 148 (90%) patients were resected for histologically proven non-pancreatic periampullary carcinomas. R0 resection was achieved for 92% of AmpCA, for 88% of CholCA and for all the DuoCA. The lowest recurrence rate was seen in DuoCA with 18%, followed by AmpCA with 21% and CholCA with 46%. The mean survival time was 60.9 months for AmpCA patients, 42.9 months for CholCA and 45.4 months for DuoCA patients. Five-year survival was 50.5%, 29.9% and 24.5% for AmpCA, CholCA and DuoCA, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified low bilirubin levels (<100 μmol/l), R0 resections and absence of surgical complications to be strong independent predictors of survival (p < 0.05). In AmpCA low tumor stages are also an independent predictor of long-term survival (p < 0.01). For T1/T2 AmpCA the 5-year survival rate was 61%, whereas none of the patients with a T3/T4 tumor survived 5 years.

Conclusion

Only T1/T2 ampullary carcinomas have a good prognosis, whereas T3/T4 ampullary tumors show aggressiveness similar to that of pancreatic head adenocarcinomas. Absence of surgical complications determines long-term outcome. Therefore, the combination of a complication-free and radical resection is essential for long-term survival.     

Predictors of malignant potential of cystic lesions of the pancreas

Background

Cystic lesions of the pancreas (CLP) are a diagnostic dilemma, the correct characterisation of which determines surgical management.

Methods

From 1995 to 2005, radiology and pathology records were reviewed for the presence of CLP. CLP were divided into three groups; Group 1: Benign, Group 2: Pre-malignant, and Group 3: Malignant.

Results

Seventy-nine of 121 patients were included [Group 1: n = 46, Group 2: n = 10, Group 3: n = 23], with a median age at diagnosis of 68 (31–92) years. The median follow-up period was 24 (14–84) months. On univariate analysis, female gender (p = 0.04), jaundice (p < 0.01), raised serum ALT concentration (p = 0.03), cyst size (≥2.5 cm) (p < 0.01), and biliary duct dilatation (p < 0.01) were associated with malignant potential. Benign cysts were more likely to present incidentally (p < 0.01). On multi-variate analysis, cyst size (≥2.5 cm) was an independent predictor of malignant potential. Sub-group analysis revealed that cysts < 2.5 cm in the head of the pancreas with evidence of biliary obstruction (either abnormal liver function; raised ALT [p = 0.01], ALP [p = 0.01], total bilirubin [p = 0.02], and/or biliary duct dilatation [p < 0.01]) were associated with malignant potential.

Conclusion

Cyst size ≥2.5 cm on computer tomography imaging was an independent predictor of pre-malignant and malignant pancreatic cysts. Cyst size and the presence of biliary obstruction predict potentially malignant cysts of the head of the pancreas, which require surgical management.     

Cost of functioning of a centralised pharmaceutical unit: evaluation of mean costs of chemotherapy preparations according to the level of production of the unit

The interest of centralization of preparations of chemotherapy drugs is in addition to its economic aspect, to secure drugs circuit. The aims of this study are to determine needs in employees and equipments of 11 theoretical levels of production from 1,000 to 50,000 preparations per year and to determine the cost of chemotherapy's preparation for each theoretical unit. The operating cost was divided in four areas of expenditure: employees (66-78%), investment (5-15%), maintenance (3-15%) and consumables (4-16%). If we consider the 11 units, the theoretical cost varies between 27.4 € for a unit with 50,000 preparations per year and 114.1 € for a unit with 1,000 preparations per year. This study shows the importance of setting up an optimal unit of preparations according to its activity and highlights the high cost's variation in relation to the activity of the unit.     

Quality of life of husbands of women with breast cancer

The life-threatening nature of breast cancer, along with the side effects of treatment, place great strain on patients and their families. Husbands may be especially vulnerable as the main source of support to patients. The present study compared the quality of life (QOL) of husbands of patients with breast cancer (HBC; n=79) to spouses of healthy wives (n=79). Additionally, associations between QOL and caregiver burden, social support, and coping were examined. HBC scored lower on general health, vitality, role-emotional, and mental health subscales of the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) SF-36 than comparison group participants. No differences were found between groups on the physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, or social functioning subscales. Higher QOL in HBC was associated with less caregiver burden as evidenced by lower burden on the Illness Impact Form, lower use of emotion-focused coping on the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, and higher social support on the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List. Wife illness characteristics such as stage of disease and time since diagnosis were not related to QOL in husbands. These findings illuminate the need to support HBC, whose QOL suffers during the breast cancer experience.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤7例临床病理特征并文献复习

目的探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤（SPTP）的临床病理特征以及免疫组化特点。方法对7例SPTP进行临床、组织病理、免疫表型的观察并复习相关文献。结果 7例SPTP,男女之比为2∶5,平均年龄34岁,仅3例有临床症状。6例发生于胰腺,有1例发生在胰腺外。肿瘤均呈囊实性;组织学上肿瘤细胞形态较一致,呈巢状排列,并形成假乳头状结构,部分瘤细胞呈透明细胞样细胞改变;间质黏液样变性、异物巨细胞反应及胆固醇样结晶。免疫组化结果显示：瘤细胞Vimentin、AAT呈强阳性,EMA均呈阴性;部分病例NSE、Syn、CgA、CD56、CD10、、AE1/AE3、PR局部阳性。4例术后随访30～114个月,患者均未发现复发及转移。结论 SPTP少见,多见于年轻女性,以实性、假乳头结构为主要组织学特征,并伴有其它多种组织学结构及多向分化的免疫组化表型。免疫组织化学检测结果对SPTP诊断具有重要价值,AAT、Vimentin阳性是诊断SPTP的可靠依据。     

碘油乳剂的制作及其对肝脏增强的实验研究

目的将40％碘油乳化成40％碘油乳剂，对其物理性质进行测定和观察，然后探讨其对动物肝脏的增强效应。材料和方法40％碘油10ml、蒸馏水15ml、两种适量的乳化剂及其他物质混合后形成初乳，应用乳均机和超声乳化机将初乳乳化成40％碘油乳剂。11只杂种犬，在不同时期静脉、肝动脉、肠系膜上动脉分别注射稀释为15％碘油乳剂及60％泛影葡胺，然后在不同时期行CT扫描。结果乳剂颗粒平均直径0．63u，95％在1.0u以下，最大不超过5．2u，放置12个月颗粒大小分布不变。静脉乳剂肝脏增强最大平均CT值为75HU，泛影葡胺为21．8HU（P＜0.01）；肝动脉乳剂最大平均CT值为120．5HU，泛影葡胺为50．7HU（P＜0．01）；间接门脉乳剂最大平均CT值为117．8HU，泛影葡胺为41．6HU（P＜0．01）。结论我们制作的碘油乳剂颗粒小、稳定性好、毒性低、显影力强。