内镜下结扎术联合心得安预防肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血的疗效与安全性研究

目的探讨内镜下结扎术联合心得安预防肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血的近期疗效和安全性。方法将103例肝硬化门脉高压食管静脉曲张患者随机分为3组:结扎 心得安组37例,先进行食管静脉曲张结扎术后,再服用心得安维持治疗;结扎组32例;心得安组34例。定期随访,比较3组的静脉曲张消失率、首次出血率、静脉曲张复发率、并发症和不良反应。结果静脉曲张消失率:结扎 心得安组与结扎组相似(88.2%vs.81.3%,P>0.05),两组均明显高于心得安组的66.7%(P<0.05)。首次出血率在结扎 心得安组为8.9%,明显低于结扎组的15.6%与心得安组的30.0%(P<0.05)。静脉曲张复发率:结扎 心得安组、结扎组与心得安组分别为11.74%、21.9%、33.3%(P<0.05)。达到静脉曲张完全消失所需的平均治疗次数:结扎 心得安组与结扎组分别为1.9±1.0和2.8±0.7(P<0.05)。达到静脉曲张完全消失所需的平均结扎环数:结扎 心得安组与结扎组分别为7.0±3.0和11.0±2.0(P<0.05)。3组均无治疗相关死亡报告,结扎组有3例(9.4%)术后并发出血,结扎 心得安组无一例发生术后出血。结论结扎术联合心得安预防EVB,效果显著,安全性高,有肯定的临床价值。     

心得安单纯或联合使用在二级预防食管静脉曲张出血中的疗效比较

目的比较单纯心得安、套扎＋心得安、硬化剂＋心得安二级预防食管静脉曲张出血的疗效,探寻心得安二级预防食管静脉曲张出血的最佳组合。方法78例食管静脉曲张出血患者随机分成3组,每组26例,止血后分别给予心得安（心得安组）、套扎＋心得安（套扎组）、硬化剂＋心得安（硬化剂组）,比较各组12个月内再出血率、死亡率,以及各组门脉高压性胃病、胃底静脉曲张发生率、食管曲张静脉复发率。结果12个月内再出血率套扎组为30．77％,明显低于心得安组（53．85％）及硬化组（42．31％）（P均〈0．05）;套扎组和心得安组门脉高压性胃病及胃底静脉曲张发生率相似,都明显低于硬化组（P均〈0．05）;而食管静脉曲张再发率高于硬化组（P〈0．05）。结论在应用心得安的基础上进行套扎治疗可能是目前食管静脉曲张出血最有效的二级预防方法。     

内镜下套扎术预防肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血的远期随访观察

目的 观察肝硬化食管静脉曲张患者分别行食管静脉曲张套扎术(endoscopic variceal ligation,EVL)和口服普萘洛尔后的再出血发生率、死亡率、治疗前后静脉曲张程度以及肝功能分级变化.方法 共纳入患者118例,其中66例采用EVL治疗,52例采用药物预防治疗.EVL 治疗组给予多次套扎,直到曲张静脉消失;药物治疗组给予普萘洛尔,起始剂量10 mg,每日2次,逐渐增至最大耐受剂量.对所有患者随访20个月,观察比较两组出血发生率和死亡率、治疗前后静脉曲张程度以及肝功能分级变化.结果 EVL治疗组有效随访58例,其问发生出血7例(12.1%),死亡2例(3.4%);药物治疗组有效随访46例,期间发生出血14例(30.4%),死亡6例(13.0%),两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).EVL治疗组总静脉消失率为41.3%(24/58),药物治疗组46例曲张静脉均未消失;比较两组治疗前后肝功能未见明显变化(P>0.05).结论 与服用普萘洛尔相比,EVL能显著降低出血率、死亡率和静脉曲张程度,且对肝功能无明显损害作用.     

Primary and secondary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding

Cirrhosis is a chronic condition with high-mortality. Portal hypertension (PH) is the initial and main consequence of cirrhosis and is responsible for most of its complications, including esophageal varices. A portal pressure, as determined by the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) >5 mm Hg defines PH. When the HVPG reaches 10 mm Hg or greater, the patient with compensated cirrhosis has developed clinically significant PH and is at a higher risk of developing varices and clinical decompensation. Patients with varices that have not bled are still in the compensated stage but are at a higher risk of decompensation than those without varices. Variceal hemorrhage constitutes a decompensating event, but its mortality differs whether it presents as an isolated complication of cirrhosis (20% 5-year mortality) or whether it presents in association with other complications (more than 80% 5-year mortality). While in the past, emphasis had been placed on managing the direct complications of PH, varices and variceal hemorrhage, it is now clear that these complications cannot be considered in an isolated manner. Rather, they should be considered in the context of advances in the staging of cirrhosis and other complications of cirrhosis that might occur concomitant or subsequent to the development of varices and variceal hemorrhage.     

内镜下套扎术治疗肝硬化食管曲张静脉破裂出血的效果分析

目的探讨内镜下套扎治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张疗效的影响因素。方法肝硬化食管静脉曲张患者165例行内镜下食管曲张静脉套扎术(EVL)治疗,分析肝硬化者113例与肝硬化断流术后者52例行EVL术后近期及远期疗效,并观察各种相关因素对EVL疗效的影响。结果EVL治疗后EV总消失率为88.48%,EV复发率27.27%。肝硬化断流手术组与肝硬化组比较,EV复发率低,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);EVL术前肝功能状态越差,EV和EVB再发生率越高(P<0.01),生存率越低(P<0.05);EV复发组门静脉内径和脾静脉内径较非复发组宽,有显著性差异(P<0.01);EVL术后服用哌唑嗪可降低门静脉内径、减少EV复发(18.07%)、EVB再发率(15.66%),提高生存率(85.54%,P<0.01)。结论EVL是治疗EVB安全有效的方法,近期及远期疗效确切,EVL术后服用哌唑嗪可降低门静脉压力、减少EV复发和EVB再发生率。     

内镜静脉曲张结扎术与十四肽生长抑素治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效比较

目的 比较内镜静脉曲张结扎术与十四肽生长抑素在治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血中的效果.方法 将2003年1月至2006年4月广东省江门市中心医院消化科收治的80例肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者分为内镜治疗组(40例)和十四肽生长抑素治疗组(40例).内镜治疗组在内镜下用多环连发皮圈结扎器行静脉曲张结扎术(EVL),然后静脉滴注垂体后叶素7 d;生长抑素治疗组先以十四肽生长抑素持续静脉滴注72 h,再以垂体后叶素静脉滴注持续4 d.结果 内镜治疗组中39例72 h内止血(97.5%).1个月内再出血4例(10%,其中1周内再出血3例),发生肝肾综合征1例,肝性脑病1例,死亡2例(5%).生长抑素治疗组72 h完全止血32例,1个月内再出血5例(12.5%),出现肝肾综合征5例(12.5%),P＞0.05;肝性脑病6例(15%),P＜0.05;死亡6例(15%),P＞0.05.结论 食管静脉曲张皮圈结扎治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂大出血优于生长抑素治疗,尽早EVL治疗能减少肝性脑病的发生.     

Endoscopic variceal ligation versus propranolol in prophylaxis of first variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis

BACKGROUND AND AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) with propranolol in prophylaxis on the rate of first esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS: A prospective, randomized trial was conducted in 100 cirrhotic patients with no history of previous upper gastrointestinal bleeding and with esophageal varices endoscopically judged to be at high risk of hemorrhage. The end-points of the study were bleeding and death. RESULTS: Life-table curves showed that prophylactic EVL and propranolol were similarly effective for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding (11/50 [22%]vs 12/50 [24%]; P = 0.68) and overall mortality (14/50 [28%]vs 12/50 [24%]; P = 0.49). The 2-year cumulative bleeding rate was 18% (9/50) in the EVL group and 16% (8/50) in the propranolol group. The 2-year cumulative mortality rate was 28% (14/50) in the EVL group and 24% (12/50) in the propranolol group. Comparison of Kaplan-Meier estimates of the time to death of both groups showed no significant difference in mortality in both groups (P = 0.86). Patients undergoing EVL had few treatment failures and died mainly of hepatic failure. In the propranolol group, the mean daily dosage of the drug was 68.2 +/- 32.8 mg, which was sufficient to reduce the pulse rate by 25%. 20% of patients withdrew from propranolol treatment due to adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylaxis EVL is as effective and as safe as treatment with propranolol in decreasing the incidence of first variceal bleeding and death in cirrhotic patients with high-risk esophageal varices.     

内镜套扎术急症止血治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血的疗效观察

目的探讨食管静脉曲张破裂出血的内镜套扎术急诊止血的疗效及安全性。方法对52例乙型肝炎肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者实施内镜下急诊套扎止血术,观察术中、术后并发症,并于术后1月复查胃镜观察食管曲张静脉消失情况。结果51例（98％）患者急诊止血成功,1例（2％）止血失败,表现为术后6天内反复便血,转外科手术治疗;术后1月复查胃镜见21例（41．2％）静脉曲张消失或基本消失,28例（54．9％）中上段食管静脉曲张基本消失,2例（3．9％）存在显著的静脉曲张。术后常见并发症有咽下不适、胸骨后隐痛、低至中度发热,发生率为15．9％,未发生严重的并发症。结论急诊套扎术治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血疗效可靠、安全性高。     

Factors predicting success of endoscopic variceal ligation for secondary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding

Introduction: Endoscopic obliteration of esophageal varices by endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is an effective form of secondary prophylaxis. However, there is no consensus regarding the technical aspects of EVL for secondary prophylaxis. The present study compares the technical aspects of EVL (frequency of sessions, number of sessions and number of bands used) in patients who rebled following secondary prophylaxis of esophageal varices by EVL compared to those who did not rebleed. Methods: All patients who underwent EVL for treatment of acute variceal bleeding followed by EVL for secondary prophylaxis and who subsequently developed recurrent variceal bleeding at Mayo Clinic, Rochester between January 1995 and May 2003 were identified. A control group of patients undergoing EVL for secondary prophylaxis who did not rebleed was identified. Results: During the study period, 216 patients with acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage underwent emergent EVL treatment with follow‐up EVL for secondary prophylaxis, of whom 20 (9.3%) subsequently rebled. Both rebleeding and non‐rebleeding patient groups were well‐matched with respect to liver function (Child–Pugh class), number and size of variceal trunks, endoscopic stigmata of hemorrhage and beta‐blocker usage. The median interval between EVL sessions in the rebleeding group (2 weeks, interquartile range 0–2 weeks) was significantly shorter compared to the non‐rebleeding group (5 weeks, interquartile range 3–7 weeks; P = 0.004). Adjusting for age, gender, and Child–Pugh class, interbanding interval ≥ 3 weeks was associated with increased likelihood of not rebleeding, hazard ratio 3.84 (95% confidence interval: 1.69–11.79; P = 0.0007). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the importance of technical aspects of EVL on patient outcome, suggesting the benefit of longer interbanding intervals. Future prospective studies are required to define the optimal intersession interval. Standardizing procedural aspects of EVL will aid in objectively evaluating the benefit of this procedure when compared to other modalities such as medical treatment.     

内镜套扎与普萘洛尔预防肝硬化食管静脉曲张首次出血效能的Meta分析

目的比较内镜下套扎术（EVL）和普萘洛尔预防肝硬化食管静脉曲张首次出血的疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索1999至2012年12月31日PubMed、EBMBASE、万方数据库中关于EVL和普萘洛尔预防肝硬化食管静脉曲张首次出血的随机对照试验,同时追索纳入文献的参考文献。使用RevMan 5.1专业Meta分析软件对治疗后首次出血率,出血病死率,总病死率和不良反应发生率进行Meta分析。结果纳入6个随机对照试验,包括EVL组280例和普萘洛尔组301例患者。文献的Cochrane质量评价均为B级,属于较高质量文献。Meta分析结果显示,EVL在预防肝硬化食管静脉曲张患者的首次出血率、出血病死率、总病死率和不良反应发生率分别为16.4%、4.3%、22.5%和25.0%,与普萘洛尔组的21.6%（P=0.07）、6.3%（P=0.27）、20.9%（P=0.56）和31.9%（P=0.33）相比均无显著性差异;漏斗图存在不对称的现象,提示可能存在发表性偏倚;敏感性分析表明纳入研究具有稳定性。结论EVL与普萘洛尔在预防肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂的效能无显著性差异。     

肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血行规律内镜下治疗的临床价值

目的　评价肝硬化食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血（esophagogastric variceal bleeding,EGVB）患者行规律内镜下治疗的临床价值。方法　2015年1月—2018年1月,在南京鼓楼医院行内镜下止血治疗的305例肝硬化EGVB病例纳入回顾性队列研究,按是否规律内镜下治疗分成2组,即规律内镜治疗组（n=145）和未规律内镜治疗组（n=160）,主要观察指标为再出血率,次要观察指标为随访时间、再出血间隔时间和再出血死亡率。结果　2组患者在性别构成、平均年龄、病因构成、病因是否控制、肝脏储备功能、是否服用非选择性β受体阻滞剂等方面差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,基线资料具有可比性。再出血率规律内镜治疗组为11.7%（17/145）,未规律内镜治疗组为41.9%（67/160）（χ2=38.74,P<0.001）;随访时间规律内镜治疗组为（28.14±11.11）个月,未规律内镜治疗组为（21.10±12.37）个月（t=5.21,P<0.001）;再出血间隔时间规律内镜治疗组为12.0（6.0,23.0）个月,未规律内镜治疗组为1.0（1.0,6.0）个月（U=164.00,P<0.001）;再出血死亡率规律内镜治疗组为1.4%（2/145）,未规律内镜治疗组为10.6%（17/160）（χ2=11.13,P=0.001）。结论　相较于未行规律内镜下治疗者,肝硬化EGVB患者行规律内镜下治疗更具临床意义,可显著降低再出血率、延长再出血时间间隔、减少再出血死亡率。     

内镜下套扎术后应用卡维地洛治疗肝硬化并发食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者疗效研究

目的 探讨采取在内镜下套扎术(EVL)后应用卡维地洛治疗肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(EVB)患者的疗效.方法 2017年12月～2019年12月我院收治的肝硬化并发EVB患者72例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组35例,行EVL治疗,和观察组37例,采用EVL后给予卡维地洛治疗,均随访12个月.采用ELISA法检测血清...     

内镜下治疗食管静脉曲张出血及预防复发的临床研究

前瞻性研究内镜下重复注射硬化剂疗法 (EIS)及联合应用内镜下套扎术 (EVL EIS)两种治疗方法的安全性、疗效、并发症和复发率。方法　 51例肝硬化患者符合研究对象 ,随机分为两组 :A组 (EIS组 ) 2 5例 ,B组 (EVL EIS组 ) 2 6例 ,前组每周重复使用 1%乙氧硬化醇行EIS治疗 ,直至所有曲张静脉均消失 ,后组第一次行EVL ,1周后每周行EIS治疗。结果　EIS及EVL EIS两组中 ,食管曲张静脉消失率分别为 84 %和 76.9% ,治疗次数分别为 ( 4.2±1.6)次和 ( 3 .0± 0 .4 )次 ,住院时间分别为 ( 4.6± 1.4 )周和 ( 4.5± 1.1)周 ,都无显著性差异。硬化剂使用总量B组显著低于A组 ,分别为 ( 2 2 .6± 8.2 )ml和 ( 42± 10 .5)ml,(P <0 .0 1)。在治疗期间并发症的发生率B组显著低于A组 (P <0 .0 1)。胃镜随访发现食管下端形成环形溃疡和继发性瘢痕 ,其发生率B组较A组为低 ,分别为 2 0 %和 90 .5% ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。在平均 12 .5个月的随访中 ,食管静脉曲张复发率B组显著高于A组 ,分别为 4 0 %和 9.5% ,(P <0 .0 5)。结论　EVL EIS组并发症较少 ,而EIS组在预防静脉曲张复发方面较EVL EIS组更为优越     

内镜套扎术在治疗食管静脉曲张破裂出血中的临床应用价值

目的探讨内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术（EVL）治疗和预防肝硬化患者食管静脉曲张破裂出血的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2008-01～2012-01该院142例肝硬化食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者,其中行EVL治疗74例（治疗组）,内科保守治疗68例（对照组）,并对其临床疗效进行随访观察。结果所有患者随访6个月以上,治疗组的早期再出血率、迟发出血率、曲张静脉好转率、复发率、手术率及病死率均低于对照组（P〈0.05或〈0.01）。结论 EVL能有效地降低肝硬化门脉高压患者食管静脉曲张的程度,降低再出血率、复发率、手术率和病死率,是一种有效的内镜治疗手段。     

Primary prevention of bleeding from esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis

Variceal bleeding is a life threatening situation with mortality rates of at least 20%. Prophylactic treatment with non-selective beta blockers(NSBBs) is recommended for patients with small varices that have not bled but with increased risk for bleeding. The recommended treatment strategies on primary prevention of variceal bleeding in patients with medium and largesized varices are NSBBs or endoscopic band ligation. Nitrates, shunt surgery and sclerotherapy are not recommended in this setting. In this review, the most recent data on prevention of esophageal variceal bleeding are presented. Available data derived from randomized-controlled trials suggest both treatment strategies, and according to Baveno V consensus in portal hypertension "the choice of treatment should be based on local resources and expertise, patient preference and characteristics, side-effects and contra-indications".     

影响食管静脉曲张套扎术疗效的相关因素分析

目的 探讨影响食管静脉曲张套扎术(EVL)疗效的相关因素。方法 对520例肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血(EVB)采用密集结扎法行EVL,其中肝硬化组332例,合并肝癌组70例,肝硬化断流术后组118例。比较各组EVL疗效并观察各种相关因素对EVL疗效的影响。结果 3组EVL后食管静脉曲张(EV)消失率依次分别为42.2％、27.1％、89.8％;EV复发率24.1％、42.9％、8.5％;近期再出血率3.0％、21.4％、4.2％;远期再出血率12.0％、20.0％、3.4％。肝硬化合并肝癌组近期再出血率明显高于肝硬化组(P<0.05)。断流术后组与肝硬化组比较,前者EV消失率高、复发率低(P<0.05)。EVL术前肝功能越差,EV复发、EVB再发率越高(P<0.01)。EVL术后服用普萘洛尔组EV复发率、EVB再发率低,存活率高(P<0.01)。EV复发组胃左静脉径增宽、血流速度快,且绝大部分为离肝血流。结论 EVL是治疗EVB安全、有效的首选方法,其疗效受诸多相关因素影响。     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血的急诊内镜下套扎治疗

目的 探讨急诊内镜下紧急套扎治疗肝硬化食管静脉曲张(EV)破裂出血的安全性及止血效果。方法 对89例肝硬化EV出血患者在急诊状态下紧急内镜套扎,监测套扎术前、术中及结束时血压、心率、呼吸变化,观察套扎过程对生命体征的影响。结果 急诊止血成功率达98.9％,套扎过程对生命体征无明显影响(P均>0.05),术中无并发症发生。近期再出血2例。肝硬化患者76例随访3-30个月,死亡11例,病死率14.5％。结论 紧急EVL治疗肝硬化EV破裂出血是一种安全、有效、快捷的止血方法。     

内镜下套扎联合硬化剂注射治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化并发食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者疗效及其再出血危险因素分析*

目的 研究内镜下套扎联合硬化剂注射治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化并发食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血（EGVB）患者的疗效,并分析引起治疗后再出血的危险因素。 方法 2012年2月~2016年2月收治的120例乙型肝炎肝硬化并发EGVB患者,采用内镜下食管静脉曲张套扎术（EVL）联合内镜下静脉曲张硬化剂注射术（EIS）治疗,对胃底静脉曲张出血患者采用组织黏胶内镜下注射联合EIS治疗,术后给予心得安治疗。采用Logistic回归分析再出血的危险因素。 结果 在手术过程中止血成功率为100.0%,33例EGVB1型患者治疗后静脉曲张消失率明显高于而静脉曲张复发率显著低于2型或1型/2型患者（P<0.05）;不同类型静脉曲张患者治疗后再出血率比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）;35例再出血患者男性占（85.7%）,明显高于85例未再出血组的49.4%（P<0.05）,年龄明显大于未出血患者（P<0.05）,门静脉内径和Child-Pugh评分分别为（1.5±0.5）cm和（10.3±2.1）分,显著高于未出血患者[分别为（1.1±0.2） cm和（7.3±1.3） 分,P<0.05],而血清白蛋白和血钠浓度分别为（23.4±5.5） g/L和（124.67±31.47） mmol/L,显著低于未出血患者[（33.6±6.7）g/L和（137.5±36.2） mmol/L,P<0.05];经Logistic回归分析,发现门静脉内径和Child-Pugh评分是诱发再出血的危险因素[OR=3.713（1.253~10.999）、OR=4.267（1.311~13.886）],而白蛋白水平和血钠浓度是再出血发生的保护因素[OR=0.236（0.062~0.902）、OR=0.143（0.026~0.785）]。 结论 内镜下套扎联合硬化剂注射治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化并发EGVB患者临床疗效显著,并且对EGVB1型患者疗效最好。门静脉内径宽或Child-Pugh评分高说明肝储备功能差,发生再出血的风险就大。因此,针对这样的患者,更应该做好防治再出血治疗。     

Endoscopic treatment of esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis

Variceal bleeding is a life-threatening complication of portal hypertension with a six-week mortality rate of approximately 20%. Patients with medium- or large-sized varices can be treated for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding using two strategies: non-selective beta-blockers(NSBBs) or endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL). Both treatments are equally effective. Patients with acute variceal bleeding are critically ill patients. The available data suggest that vasoactive drugs, com-bined with endoscopic therapy and antibiotics, are the best treatment strategy with EVL being the endoscopic procedure of choice. In cases of uncontrolled bleeding, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS) with polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)-covered stents are recommended. Approximately 60% of the patients experience rebleeding, with a mortality rate of 30%. Secondary prophylaxis should start on day six following the initial bleeding episode. The combination of NSBBs and EVL is the recommended management, whereas TIPS with PTFE-covered stents are the preferred op-tion in patients who fail endoscopic and pharmacologic treatment. Apart from injection sclerotherapy and EVL, other endoscopic procedures, including tissue adhe-sives, endoloops, endoscopic clipping and argon plasmacoagulation, have been used in the management of esophageal varices. However, their efficacy and safety, compared to standard endoscopic treatment, remain to be further elucidated. There are safety issues accompa-nying endoscopic techniques with aspiration pneumonia occurring at a rate of approximately 2.5%. In conclu-sion, future research is needed to improve treatment strategies, including novel endoscopic techniques with better efficacy, lower cost, and fewer adverse events.     

内镜套扎术联合生长抑素治疗肝硬化并发食管静脉曲张出血患者临床效果和安全性分析*

目的 分析采用内镜下曲张静脉套扎术联合生长抑素治疗肝硬化并发食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者的临床治疗效果和安全性。方法 2015年4月~2017年5月我院收治的肝硬化并发食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者64例,被分为两组,每组32例。在对照组,给予奥美拉唑和奥曲肽治疗,观察组则在上述治疗12 h后,给予内镜下曲张静脉套扎术治疗。结果 在治疗1 w末,观察组止血总有效率为100.0%,显著高于对照组的90.6%（P<0.05）,对照组死亡3例;治疗后,观察组肝静脉压力梯度（HVPG）为（6.5±1.0） mmHg,显著低于对照组的（11.9±1.1） mmHg,而RBC为（4.7±0.5）×10¹²/L,Hb为（118.5±23.1） g/L,显著高于对照组[分别为（4.1±0.4）×10¹²/L和（104.4±22.5） g/L,P<0.05]; 观察组止血时间为（1.3±0.4）d、输血量为（1.7±1.0） U、住院日为（20.4±3.5） d,显著短于或少于对照组[分别为（2.8±0.5） d、（2.8±1.5） U和（29.8±4.0） d,P<0.05];进行为期1年的随访,观察组再出血发生率为53.1%,显著低于对照组的86.2%（P<0.05）。结论 针对肝硬化并发食管静脉曲张出血患者,采用内镜套扎术联合生长抑素治疗可有效止血,缩短住院时间,止血迅速,治疗后再出血发生率低,且安全性较高。