直接前方入路全髋关节置换术学习曲线及其前后疗效分析

目的 研究采用直接前方入路（direct anterior approach, DAA）行全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty, THA）的临床疗效,探讨直接前方入路全髋关节置换术（DAA-THA）的学习曲线及其前后期疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年5月至2019年5月在绵阳市中心医院行DAA-THA的105例病人的手术时间、术中出血量、切口引流量、手术前后血红蛋白（hemoglobin, HGB）及白蛋白（albumin, ALB）差值、住院时间、术后假体位置（外展角、前倾角、股骨柄-髓腔轴线夹角）、肢体长度差（limb length discrepancy, LLD）、并发症及Harris髋关节功能评分等临床资料,探讨该术式学习曲线,比较分析学习曲线前后病例的上述各项指标。结果 病例均获得随访,随访时间为6~18个月,平均12个月。病人手术时间为（136.88±34.52） min,术中出血量为（248.43±131.44） ml,术后引流量为（233.07±122.35） ml,HGB差值为（27.16±11.01） g/L,ALB差值为（10.72±3.94） g/L,住院时间为（8.61±3.96） d。术后Harris评分为（79.82±5.95）分,前倾角为14.24°±5.62°,外展角为42.57°±7.25°,股骨柄-髓腔轴线夹角为2.66°±1.59°,LLD为（5.11±3.82） mm。手术时间、术中出血量、假体安放位置、住院时间在完成54例DAA-THA后趋于稳定。以54例为界,分为前期组（54髋）和后期组（51髋）。DAA-THA后期组的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、外展角、股骨柄-髓腔轴线夹角小于前期组,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。DAA-THA前期组与后期组在术后引流量、HGB差值、ALB差值、前倾角、LLD、术后1、3、6个月Harris髋关节功能评分方面的差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。两组均无假体脱位发生,DAA-THA后期组的并发症发生率小于前期组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 DAA-THA学习曲线为54例左右,度过学习曲线后,DAA-THA手术技术在多方面更加稳定与成熟,可以有效地减少手术时间及术中出血量,提高假体安放的准确性,缩短住院时间,降低并发症的发生,从而为病人提供更优的术后早期疗效。     

显微镜辅助腰椎减压融合内固定术治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的安全性

【摘要】 目的：分析显微镜辅助在腰椎减压融合内固定术治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症中的安全性。方法：回顾性分析2020年1月1日~2022年4月1日73例在我医学中心治疗的经皮脊柱内镜下腰椎间盘摘除术（percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy,PELD）术后复发的腰椎间盘突出症患者资料,所有患者复发后于我院再次行单节段腰椎减压固定融合术,其中42例术中使用显微镜辅助操作（显微镜组）,男31例,女11例,年龄53.4±16.4岁;31例术中未使用显微镜辅助操作（常规组）,男18例,女13例,年龄49.6±11.4岁。两组患者性别、年龄、体重指数等一般资料均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。记录两组患者首次PELD的手术入路、手术节段,翻修术手术时间、术中出血量、术后总引流量、术后住院时间、术中是否出现硬膜破损、术后是否出现神经损伤及术后伤口是否出现浅部感染等资料,比较分析两组差异。结果：所有患者手术顺利。显微镜组手术时间168.0±33.1min,术中出血量125.0±40.2mL,术后总引流量379.6±220.6mL,术后住院时间5.2±1.3d,术中出现脑脊液漏2例,术后未出现神经损伤症状及伤口浅部感染;常规组手术时间155.8±29.4min,出血量133.9±59.7mL,术后总引流量452.2±464.5mL,术后住院时间5.0±1.7d,术中出现脑脊液漏4例,术后出现神经损伤症状1例,术后未出现伤口浅部感染。两组患者围手术期及并发症相关数据均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：显微镜不会增加PELD术后复发翻修手术的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间以及感染、硬膜破损和神经损伤的发生率。     

腹腔镜下左半结肠切除术56例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下左半结肠切除术的安全性和可行性。方法对56例腹腔镜下左半结肠切除术患者的临床资料和随访情况进行回顾性分析。结果54例手术在腹腔镜下顺利完成,中转开腹2例、中转率3.57%（2/56）,无手术死亡。平均手术时间（168±42）min,平均出血量（75±45）ml,辅助切口平均长（6±1.5）cm,术后平均住院日（9±3）d。手术并发症发生率3.70%（2/54）,其中术后肠梗阻1例（发生率1.85%、1/54）、肺炎1例（发生率1.85%、1/54）。54例患者术后随访3～63个月,3例远处癌转移（复发率5.77%、3/52）,2例死亡,全组患者的腹壁穿刺孔及辅助小切口无肿瘤种植。结论腹腔镜下左半结肠切除术是安全可行的,手术近期疗效令人满意,长期结果有待进一步观察。     

达芬奇外科系统在胆道疾病手术中的应用体会

目的:总结达芬奇外科系统在胆道疾病手术中的经验,并探讨其优越性。方法:2010年2月至2011年10月应用达芬奇外科系统为24例胆道疾病患者施术。分析总结分别以肝十二指肠韧带、肝脏为视野的两组患者手术过程及术后康复情况。结果:24例患者中1例中转开腹,无一例死亡。以肝十二指肠韧带为术野的17例患者手术时间平均(342.4±37.4)min,术中出血量平均(168.8±39.5)ml,术后平均住院(11.6±1.5)天。以肝脏为术野的7例患者手术时间平均(438.5±33.9)min,术中出血量平均(292.9±67.6)ml,术后平均住院(10.1±1.2)天。结论:达芬奇外科系统不仅可独立完成胆道疾病手术,使患者受益,而且受到外科医师的青睐,将会推动腹腔镜外科的进程。     

经口联合颌下腔镜入路甲状腺手术的临床效果：附31例报告

背景与目的 全球甲状腺癌发病率不断增高,临床实践中腔镜甲状腺手术的需求逐渐增大。在不同甲状腺手术入路中,经口前庭入路腔镜甲状腺手术（TOETVA）最符合经自然腔道内镜手术理念,而TOETVA面临比较明显的并发症,本研究旨在探讨经口联合颌下入路腔镜甲状腺手术（ETOSA）在甲状腺乳头状癌手术中的应用效果。方法 回顾2022年3月—2022年6月在中南大学湘雅医院甲状腺外科接受ETOSA手术的31例甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床资料,分析手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后引流时间、术后住院时间、术后病理结果、颈部美容评分、颏下感觉异常评分、术后疼痛评分以及术后并发症的发生及恢复情况。结果 31例患者均顺利完成ETOSA手术,无1例患者中转开放。平均手术时间（145.23±35.91）min;术中平均出血量（11.13±4.78）mL;术后第1天引流量为（50.97±26.25）mL;第2天引流量为（22.74±15.10）mL;术后平均住院时间为（2.19±0.47）d;清扫的中央区淋巴结数目为（7.52±4.34）枚。所有患者均未出现声带麻痹、颏神经损伤、术后感染、吞咽不适、口角撕裂以及下唇肿胀。仅有2例患者出现暂时性甲旁减以及1例患者出现颈前皮肤穿孔。所有患者均无明显下唇黏膜和皮肤感觉障碍,且手术美容效果良好,所有患者对术后颌下两个5 mm切口的恢复情况较满意。结论 ETOSA手术是一种安全且可行的术式,减少了颏神经损伤、嘴角撕裂等风险同时避免了潜在的器械相互干扰,有一定的临床应用价值。     

超声刀在重大开腹手术中的应用

为探讨超声刀在重大开腹手术中的应用价值。笔者总结3年间收治的49例重大开腹手术中应用超声刀分离、止血和切割的效果，并与同期采用高频电刀的50例手术进行比较。结果示，超声刀组在重要脏器部位、血管神经丰富部位及毗邻器官复杂部位进行分离、止血、切割离断时，手术操作精确、安全、损伤小;平均手术时间（168±85）min，术中平均出血量(65±45)mL, 均少于使用高频电刀组的（212±75）min和（289±185）mL。超声刀组患者术后均无再出血，无重要脏器损伤。 提示：在重大开腹手术中应用超声刀部位精确、安全、损伤小、出血量少，患者术后恢复快。     

射频消融辅助肝切除在结直肠癌肝转移中的应用

目的：探讨射频消融（RFA）辅助肝切除治疗结直肠癌肝转移（CLM）的疗效。 方法：回顾17例CLM行开腹RRFA辅助肝切除患者临床资料,分析手术时间、出血量、有无输血、腹腔引流量及术后并发症发生率,并比较患者手术前后肝功能及凝血功能变化。 结果：所有患者手术均成功完成,手术时间55~237 min,平均（93±19）min;术中出血量235~650 mL,平均（280±40）mL。术中及术后无1例输血,术后3 d内腹腔引流量170~370 mL,1例（5.9%）发生胆瘘。患者术后24、72 h丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）较术前明显增高（均P<0.05）,但术后120 h均恢复至术前水平;而手术前后总胆红素（TBIL）水平与凝血酶原时间（PT）未发生明显变化（均P>0.05）。 结论：RFA辅助肝切除治疗CLM安全可行,并可有效降低出血风险。     

腔镜辅助下甲状腺手术与传统开放性甲状腺手术的比较

目的：探讨腔镜辅助下甲状腺手术与传统开放性甲状腺手术的临床效果。 方法：将2010年3月—2011年11月间收治的甲状腺良性疾病患者162例，按随机原则分为腔镜辅助下甲状腺手术组（n=80）和传统开放手术组（n=82），比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后疼痛评分，住院时间、术后3个月颈部感觉及切口满意程度。 结果：两组手术均顺利完成，腔镜辅助下甲状腺组的手术时间为（107.63±21.74）min，长于传统手术组的（80.16±29.41）min（P<0.05），但术中出血量[（21.54±11.25）mL vs. (36.15±14.26)mL]，术后引流量[（24.82±8.47）mL vs. (31.15±10.36)mL],术后疼痛评分[术后24 h为(3.18±3.14) vs. (4.57±1.79);48 h为（2.46±1.54）vs. (4.35±2.12)]和住院时间[（5.16±1.13）d vs. (8.57±2.74)d]均优于传统手术组（P<0.05）。术后3个月随访结果显示传统手术组患者出现颈部感觉异常、吞咽困难程度较重，而腔镜辅助组的术后切口满意度评分较高，上述各项指标间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论：腔镜辅助下甲状腺手术具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少等优点，而且术后疼痛较轻、术后切口美学效果较好，可作为治疗甲状腺疾病的一种安全、有效的术式。     

腹腔镜子宫内膜异位症粘连分离的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗子宫内膜异位症盆腔粘连的优势。方法:为30例患者行开腹手术,54例患者行腹腔镜手术;明确分期后施术,根据患者年龄、分期、有无合并症及生育要求制定个体化手术方案。结果:开腹组术中出血量平均(136.57±83.24)ml,术后平均住院(7.26±0.82)d,术后排气时间平均(31.35±7.27)h,6例复发,复发率20.00%。腹腔镜组术中出血量平均(57.36±33.73)ml,术后平均住院(4.69±0.77)d,术后排气时间平均(21.22±5.45)h,5例复发,复发率9.26%。结论:腹腔镜手术相对开腹手术,患者创伤小、术中出血少、术后康复快,可作为治疗子宫内膜异位症的首选术式。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜与开腹手术治疗胆总管结石临床对比研究

目的：比较腹腔镜联合胆道镜与开腹手术治疗胆总管结石的临床疗效。 方法：以164例胆总管结石患者为研究对象,按照入院顺序随机均分为观察组（82例）和对照组（82例）,观察组患者行腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆道探查取石术治疗,对照组患者行开腹取石术治疗,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、术后镇痛百分率以及术后结石残余、胆瘘、切口感染等并发症的发生率。 结果：观察组患者手术时间为（75.43±12.28）min,高于对照组的（62.41±11.35）min（t=7.05,P<0.05）;观察组患者术中出血量为（22.13±6.34）mL,术后胃肠道恢复时间为(46.30±4.76) h, 术后住院时间为（5.72±1.82）d,均低于对照组的（120.38±22.43）mL,（78.59±6.38）h, （9.91±2.32）d（t=33.17,36.73,12.87,均P<0.05）。观察组患者中术后镇痛患者所占百分率为25.61%,低于对照组（74.39%）（χ2=39.02,P<0.05）;两组患者无术后结石残余和术后胆瘘;观察组中术后切口感染发生率为2.44%,低于对照组（29.27%）（χ2=22.12,P<0.05）。 结论：腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石安全有效,创伤较小,术后并发症少,适合临床推广应用。     

Maxillary Dental Arch and Occlusion in Patients with Repaired Clefts of the Secondary Palate

Abstract

Maxillary morphology and dental occlusion were studied from infancy to age 10 years in 32 patients born with isolated cleft palate. Wardill-Kilner push back repair of the palate had been done at a mean age of 7.5 months. Measurements obtained from casts of the jaws showed that the average maxillary dimensions before as well as after operation were less than those reported for children without clefts. The mean reduction was similar whether the cleft reached into the hard palate or affected the soft palate only. Preoperative anterior maxillary arch width in particular, and also distance from scar line to selected teeth seemed to influence postoperative development of the maxillary dental arch in individual patients.     

Surgical procedure of segmentectomy as a possible cause of postoperative cerebral embolism: a case report

Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) can currently be used to diagnose and treat pulmonary nodules. However, intraoperative location of pulmonary nodules in VATS is challenging due to their small diameter and deep location in the pulmonary parenchyma. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical safety and effectiveness of CT-guided hook-wire for preoperative localization of malignant pulmonary nodules smaller than 1 cm in diameter. From February 2017 to January 2018, we collected the data of 80 patients with malignant pulmonary nodules less than 1 cm in diameter who underwent CT-guided hook-wire preoperative localization and VATS surgery. The effectiveness of preoperative localization was evaluated based on surgical duration, success rate of VATS surgery, and localization-related complications. The diameter of pulmonary nodules were 0.85 ± 0.17 mm with a distance to the pleural surface of 19.66 ± 14.10 mm. The length of the hook-wire in the lung parenchyma was 29.17 ± 13.14 mm and hook-wire dislodgement occurred in 2 patients. Complications included 27 cases of minor pneumothorax and 18 cases of mild parenchymal hemorrhage. A significant correlation was observed between the length of the hook-wire in the lung parenchyma and mild parenchymal hemorrhage (P = 0.044). The average time of hook-wire localization was 9.0 ± 2.6 min and the average operation time for VATS was 89.02 ± 23.35 min without conversion thoracotomy. CT-guided hook-wire localization of the lesion during VATS resection is safe for malignant pulmonary nodules with diameter less than 1 cm.     

On the Bone-Forming Capacity of Periosteal Flap in Surgery for Cleft Lip and Palate

The alveolar clefts of 63 patients, 54 with cleft of the primary and secondary palate and 9 with cleft of the primary palate only, were operated on by the maxillary periosteal flap technique introduced by Skoog (1965). A follow-up study showed that the periosteal flap formed a manifest bone bridge in 54% and a diffuse bridge in 22% whereas no bone formation was seen in 24%. Whether implantation of Surgicel® was performed in the same stage or omitted did not seem to affect bone formation, any more than it did the original width of the alveolar cleft.     

Satellite Rod Fixation around Rod-fracture Area in Revision Surgery after Three-column Osteotomy for Severe Kyphoscoliosis

Objective

Three-column osteotomy (3CO) is considered valuable and increasingly utilized in the surgical treatment of severe spine deformity while associated with high implant-related complications and revision risks. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of satellite rod fixation used around the rod-fracture area in revision surgery due to rod fracture after 3CO.

Methods

Twenty-five patients applying satellite rod fixation in revision surgery from August 2012 to May 2016 were retrospectively reviewed as the SR group. Patients undergoing revision surgery with traditional strategy after 3CO due to rod-fracture were selected as the TR group. Cobb angle, distance between C₇ plumb line and center sacral vertical line (C₇PL-CSVL), global kyphosis (GK) and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were assessed. Patients were required to fulfill the Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire (SRS-22) at pre-revision and the last follow-up. The paired t test was used to analyze the difference among pre-revision, post-revision and last follow-up.

Results

There was no statistical difference in terms of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), fusion level at 1st surgery, and follow-up period between SR and TR group (all P > 0.05). The operation time (1.5 ± 0.7 h vs 3.2 ± 0.9 h, P < 0.001) and intraoperative blood loss (178 ± 51 mL vs 324 ± 96 mL, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the TR group. Patients in both groups obtained obvious deformity correction after revision surgery. For patients in SR group, the coronal Cobb angle significantly improved from 27.9 ± 21.5° at pre-revision to 21.8 ± 16.6° at post-revision (P = 0.034). The C₇PL-CSVL decreased from 22.6 ± 14.3 mm to 21.3 ± 10.9 mm (P = 0.719). Similarly, improvement was attained in post-revision GK (25.8 ± 17.0° vs 20.2 ± 15.1°, P = 0.061). SVA was corrected from 35.6 ± 33.9 mm to 30.8 ± 24.3 mm after revision (P = 0.182). At the last follow-up, no significant correction loss was observed in both coronal and sagittal parameters (all P > 0.05). All patients responded to the SRS-22 questionnaire and all the domains showed improvements in different levels. As compared to the TR group, the SR group had significantly better pain and management satisfaction scores (all P < 0.05). Additionally, there was no reoccurrence of implant failure during follow-up and all patients achieved solid bony fusion in SR group.

Conclusion

Satellite rod fixation around rod-fracture area is indicated for patients in the requirement of revision surgeries due to rod fracture after 3CO. Compared with traditional revision strategies, revision surgery with satellite rods, if patients are selected adequately, is a simpler procedure with less intraoperative blood loss and shorter operating time.     

不同年龄腭裂患者手术后上颌骨发育状况的比较研究

目的：分析腭裂手术早晚是否会对患者上颌骨发育造成不同的影响。方法：采用X线头影测量方法，对50名不同年龄时期接受腭裂手术的患者上颌骨特征进行比较分析。结果：腭裂患者手术后都会出现不同程度上颌骨长度、高度及深度的发育不足，但早期手术的患者上颌骨发育状况并不明显差于晚期手术患者。结论：腭裂患者手术后上颌骨发育状况与手术年龄早晚无显著联系，早期手术对患者正常的语音发育起着关键的作用。     

个体化减张整形术治疗鼻中隔偏曲的临床效果

目的 探讨个体化减张整形术治疗鼻中隔偏曲患者的临床效果。方法 选取我院2020年 10月-2022年9月收治的69例鼻中隔偏曲患者为研究对象，均采取个体化减张整形术治疗，观察临床 疗效、手术指标、鼻阻力情况、术后整形美观满意度及并发症发生情况。结果 69例患者临床治疗 总有效率为97.10%；手术时间（35.32±10.21）min，术中出血量（61.36±4.28）ml，鼻通气时间 （3.85±2.82）d，术后1、3 d疼痛评分为（4.67±0.39）分、（3.12±0.18）分，住院时间（7.38±1.42）d； 患者术后NCV为（7.25±1.45）cm3 ，高于术前的（4.18±1.09）cm3 ，NAR为（0.32±0.07）kPas?L-1，低于 术前的（1.22±0.38）kPas?L-1（P＜0.05）；术后整形美观满意度评分为（91.36±2.24）分；并发症发生率 为1.45%。结论 个体化减张整形术的矫正效果满意，具有微创优势，同时能改善鼻中隔偏曲鼻腔通气功 能，提升术后患者对美观的满意度，且安全性较高。     

Intraoperative electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopic localization of small,deep, or subsolid pulmonary nodules

Background

Localizing small or deep pulmonary nodules or subsolid ground-glass opacities often is difficult during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS). This can result in larger resections or conversion to thoracotomy. The goal of this study is to evaluate the role of electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopic localization (ENBL) as a safe and accurate intraoperative method to localize small, deep, or subsolid nodules.

正颌联合术后正畸矫治唇腭裂术后的牙颌面畸形

目的探讨应用正颌手术联合术后正畸矫治唇腭裂术后牙颌面畸形的方法。方法2002年1月至2010年8月,共收治25例唇腭裂术后颌骨畸形患者。男11例,女14例;年龄16～33岁;单侧唇腭裂19例,双侧6例。所有患者术前均未接受过正畸治疗。本组患者均联合应用正颌手术和术后正畸建牙合矫治唇腭裂术后颌骨畸形。结果25例患者经过3~12个月的术后正畸治疗,均建立了良好的咬牙合关系,恢复正常咬合功能。随访6个月至3年,术后疗效稳定。结论唇腭裂术后颌骨畸形采用正颌手术联合术后正畸能够有效矫治牙颌面畸形。     

Comparison of the Conventional Surgery and the Surgery Assisted by 3d Printing Technology in the Treatment of Calcaneal Fractures

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study was aimed to compare conventional surgery and surgery assisted by 3D printing technology in the treatment of calcaneal fractures. In addition, we also investigated the effect of 3D printing technology on the communication between doctors and patients. Methods: we enrolled 75 patients with calcaneal fracture from April 2014 to August 2016. They were divided randomly into two groups: 35 cases of 3D printing group, 40 cases of conventional group. The individual models were used to simulate the surgical procedures and carry out the surgery according to plan in 3D printing group. Operation duration, blood loss volume during the surgery, number of intraoperative fluoroscopy and fracture union time were recorded. The radiographic outcomes Böhler angle, Gissane angle, calcaneal width and calcaneal height and final functional outcomes including VAS and AOFAS score as well as the complications were also evaluated. Besides, we made a simple questionnaire to verify the effectiveness of the 3D-printed model for both doctors and patients. Results: The operation duration, blood loss volume and number of intraoperative fluoroscopy for 3D printing group was 71.4 ± 6.8 minutes, 226.1 ± 22.6 ml and 5.6 ± 1.9 times, and for conventional group was 91.3 ± 11.2 minutes, 288.7 ± 34.8 ml and 8.6 ± 2.7 times respectively. There was statistically significant difference between the conventional group and 3D printing group (p < 0.05). Additionally, 3D printing group achieved significantly better radiographic results than conventional group both postoperatively and at the final follow-up (p < 0.05). However, No significant difference was noted in the final functional outcomes between the two groups. As for complications, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, the questionnaire showed that both doctors and patients exhibited high scores of overall satisfaction with the use of a 3D printing model. Conclusion: This study suggested the clinical feasibility of 3D printing technology in treatment of calcaneal fractures.     

Vertical mammaplasty: Postoperative changes, complications and patient evaluation

The aim of the present study was to investigate postoperative changes after vertical mammaplasty. Between 2002 and 2005, 72 consecutive patients aged 15 to 69 years with an average weight of 72 kg underwent bilateral vertical mammaplasty. Forty-two patients attended the regular follow-up one week, four weeks, three months, six months and one year after the operation. Nipple diameter, notch-to-nipple distance, scar length and the number of skin folds along the vertical scar were evaluated. Complications were recorded during the entire follow-up period. A questionnaire was used to document patient satisfaction 12 months after the operation. The main changes took place during the first three months after surgery. Nipple diameter showed an average increase of 28% after surgery, and the notch-to-nipple distance increased by an average of 17% over the intraoperative value. The average increase of the scar length after one year was 22%. The rate of complications was low, and patient satisfaction was high.