基于SEER数据库异时双原发肺癌预后模型的构建和验证

目的：　运用回顾性研究的分析方法,探究异时双原发肺癌（metachronous dual primary lung cancer,mDPLC）的独立预后因素,并建立列线图预后模型。方法：　通过美国癌症监测、流行病学和结果（Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results,SEER）数据库获得mDPLC患者的临床数据。将数据分为训练集和验证集进行建模和验证。采用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析确定训练集患者的独立预后因素,并纳入列线图对患者生存时间进行预测。通过C-指数、校准图、受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic,ROC）曲线、决策曲线分析（decision curve analyses,DCA）和综合鉴别改进（integrated discrimination improvement,IDI）评分对预后模型的准确性和可靠性进行评价。结果：　共有610例mDPLC患者纳入训练集,260例mDPLC患者纳入验证集。Cox回归分析表明,年龄（59~76岁：HR=1.453,95%CI=1.007~2.096,P=0.046;≥77岁：HR=1.953,95%CI=1.303~2.926,P<0.001）、性别（女性：HR=0.669,95%CI=0.529~0.845,P=0.001）、病理类型（腺癌+鳞癌：HR=2.251,95%CI=1.583~3.200,P<0.001）、TNM 分期（Ⅲ：HR=1.611,95%CI=1.126~2.305,P=0.009;Ⅳ：HR=2.443,95%CI=1.713~3.486,P<0.001）、淋巴结转移（是：HR=1.653,95%CI=1.199 ~2.280,P=0.002）、手术（1次：HR=1.431,95%CI=1.110~1.844,P=0.006;0次：HR=1.845,95%CI=1.183~2.878,P=0.007）和化疗（是+否：HR=0.603,95%CI=0.433~0.842,P=0.003）是独立预后因素。训练集和验证集的C-指数分别为0.711（95%CI=0.696~0.726,P<0.05）,0.677（95%CI=0.655~0.699,P<0.05）。训练集中ROC曲线的3年生存率和5年生存率AUC值分别为0.756（95%CI=0.713~0.800,P<0.05）和0.785（95%CI=0.732~0.838,P<0.05）,验证集中ROC曲线的3年生存率和5年生存率AUC值分别是0.695（95%CI=0.621~0.769,P<0.05）和0.711（95%CI=0.618~0.804,P<0.05）。训练集中3年和5年的IDI值分别为9.0%（P<0.001）和11.9%（P<0.001）,验证集中3年和5年的IDI值分别为6.6%（P<0.001）和7.8%（P<0.001）。根据独立预后因素建立的模型经验证可准确预测患者预后,并且效果优于TNM分期。结论：　本研究建立了一个mDPLC预后预测模型,内部验证表明该模型具有较好的效能,可为mDPLC患者提供准确和个性化的生存预测。     

抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体相关性血管炎患者的临床特征及预后分析

目的 分析抗中性粒细胞胞质抗体（ANCA）相关性血管炎（AAV）患者的临床特征及预后因素。方法 回顾性分析我院2008年7月至2016年12月初诊的168例AAV患者的一般情况、临床表现及实验室指标,并对所有患者进行随访,中位随访时间为12（1,96）个月,终点事件为死亡。结果 168例患者中,显微镜下多血管炎（MPA）、肉芽肿性多血管炎（GPA）及嗜酸细胞性肉芽肿性多血管炎（EGPA）分别为152、14、2例;MPO-ANCA阳性145例（86.3%）,PR3-ANCA阳性20例（11.9%）;49例患者死亡,91例患者存活,28例失访。与GPA患者相比,MPA患者间质性肺病[50.7%（77/152）vs 14.3%（2/14）]及肾脏受累[78.9%（120/152）vs 50.0%（7/14）]常见,估计的肾小球滤过率（eGFR）更低[14.23（7.27,71.49）mL/（min·1.73 m²）vs 104.08（16.61,135.72）mL/（min·1.73 m²）],差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。与PR3-ANCA阳性组相比,MPO-ANCA阳性组患者年龄较大[（64.01±10.62）岁vs（50.50±16.88）岁],肾脏受累更多见[77.9%（113/145）vs 50.0%（10/20）],eGFR更低[19.00（9.40,42.85）mL/（min·1.73 m²）vs 149.40（86.75,249.45）mL/（min·1.73 m²）],差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。与非死亡组相比,死亡组AAV患者年龄更大[（67.45±10.61）岁vs（61.98±12.52）岁],间质性肺病发病率更高[59.2%（29/49）vs 41.8%（38/91）],伯明翰系统性血管炎活动评分（BVAS）更高[（18.53±8.02）分vs（13.68±5.98）分],eGFR更低[8.58（5.73,22.07）mL/（min·1.73 m²）vs 45.15（11.54,120.79）mL/（min·1.73 m²）],血钠浓度[137.00（134.00,140.00）mmol/L vs 139.00（136.00,141.00）mmol/L]及白蛋白水平[（28.41±5.24）g/L vs（31.92±5.91）g/L]更低,血清D-二聚体水平更高[2.84（1.20,6.28）mg/L vs 2.24（0.80,3.69）mg/L],差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析显示年龄、eGFR、血清白蛋白水平及BVAS是AAV患者死亡的独立影响因素（HR=1.058、0.987、0.932、1.086,P均<0.05）。结论 AAV患者临床表现以肾脏受累和肺受累多见,年龄、eGFR、血清白蛋白水平及BVAS是AAV患者死亡的独立影响因素,间质性肺病、血清D-二聚体水平高、低钠血症也可能与AAV预后有关。     

TYG-BMI在维生素D和非酒精性脂肪肝中的中介作用

目的 分析维生素D水平、甘油三酯葡萄糖-体质指数（triglyceride glucose-body mass index,TYG-BMI）与2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes,T2DM）合并非酒精性脂肪肝（nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD）患者的相关性,探讨TYG-BMI在维生素D缺乏对NAFLD影响中的作用。方法 纳入河北省人民医院内分泌科住院的434例成年T2DM患者为研究对象。收集患者的人口学基本信息和血液指标,NAFLD通过超声诊断。维生素D缺乏定义为25-羟基维生素D［25-hydroxyvitamin D,25（OH）D］<20 ng/mL。采用Spearman相关分析方法,探讨25（OH）D、TYG-BMI和T2DM合并NAFLD危险因素之间的相关性。采用多元逻辑回归分析方法探讨25（OH）D、TYG-BMI与NAFLD之间的联系。采用中介分析方法探索TYG-BMI是否介导25（OH）D和NAFLD之间的联系。结果 ①在所有纳入的T2DM患者中,NAFLD组比无NAFLD组的25（OH）D水平更低［15.89（12.33,19.94） vs. 18.27（14.05,24.63）,P<0.05］,TYG-BMI水平更高［213.59（191.92,237.60） vs. 176.91（159.55,196.86）,P<0.05］,并且男性和女性均有同样的变化趋势（P<0.05）。②按照25（OH）D水平不同分组发现,维生素D缺乏组的NAFLD患病率（60.1%）高于维生素D不足组（45.4%）及维生素D充足组（23.3%）,差异存在统计学意义（P<0.05）。③无论是男性患者还是女性患者,血清25（OH）D水平均与TYG-BMI呈负相关（男：r=-0.215,P<0.001;女：r=-0.271,P<0.001）。④采用logistic回归调整混杂因素后发现维生素D缺乏是T2DM患者发生NAFLD的危险因素（Model 1 OR=2.347,95%CI=1.423~3.871,P=0.001;Model 2 OR=2.478,95%CI=1.472~4.172,P=0.001;Model 3 OR=2.057,95%CI=1.172~3.610,P=0.012）。进一步按性别分亚组进行logistic回归分析,仅在女性中发现维生素D缺乏是T2DM患者发生NAFLD的独立危险因素（Model 1 OR=5.52,95%CI=2.008~15.177,P=0.001;Model 2 OR=5.342,95%CI=1.776-16.061,P=0.003;Model 3 OR=3.734,95%CI=1.108~12.578,P=0.034）。⑤在所有患者、男性患者和女性患者中TYG-BMI与NAFLD患病率均呈正相关（P<0.05）。⑥中介分析发现在所有患者或女性患者中,TYG-BMI部分介导了25（OH）D对NAFLD患病率的间接影响（中介百分比：所有患者58.66%,女性患者38.07%）,而男性没有。结论 仅在女性T2DM患者中,维生素D缺乏与T2DM合并NAFLD发病率增加相关。其中维生素D缺乏导致T2DM合并NAFLD发生率增加的原因部分由TYG-BMI介导。     

自体血回输用于前列腺癌根治术的安全性及预后分析

目的 探讨自体血回输对前列腺癌根治术安全性及预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2012年6月—2015年6月于天津市第一中心医院接受前列腺癌根治术的103例患者临床资料,将术中接受异体血回输的51例患者作为异体组,接受自体血回输的52例患者作为自体组。比较两组患者手术相关指标、免疫功能、血常规［红细胞（RBC）、血红白蛋白（HGB）、红细胞比积（HCT）］、并发症发生情况及随访5年内复发率、无瘤生存率。结果 自体组手术时间、住院时间较异体组短（P <0.05）,术中失血量、医疗费用较异体组少（P <0.05）。两组患者术前免疫功能指标比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。自体组术后CD4⁺、CD8⁺高于异体组（P <0.05）,Th1/Th2值低于异体组（P <0.05）。两组患者术前血常规指标比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）;自体组术后血常规指标高于异体组（P <0.05）。两组患者并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。两组患者术后5年总复发率、术后5年总无瘤生存率比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 前列腺癌根治术中应用自体血回输可有效缩短手术用时,减少术中失血量,改善患者血常规指标,避免免疫抑制,但对并发症、复发率、无瘤生存率无明显影响。     

同步放化疗联合早期综合营养治疗在局部晚期鼻咽癌中的应用价值

目的 探讨同步放化疗联合早期综合营养治疗在局部晚期鼻咽癌中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月—2020年12月在河南省肿瘤医院就诊的100例局部晚期鼻咽癌患者,根据不同干预方式分为对照组和观察组,每组50例。对照组同步放化疗和常规营养支持,观察组接受同步放化疗联合早期综合营养治疗方案,对比两组患者认知水平、干预前后营养状态、免疫功能和远期疗效。结果 观察组营养认知、食欲、功能和饮食配合评分高于对照组（P <0.05）。观察组治疗前后人血白蛋白、血红蛋白的差值高于对照组（P <0.05）。两组患者治疗前后转铁蛋白的差值比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。观察组治疗前后CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺的差值高于对照组（P <0.05）。两组患者治疗前后CD8⁺的差值比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。观察组总生存率、疾病特异性生存率、无局部复发率和无远处转移生存率高于对照组（P <0.05）。结论 局部晚期鼻咽癌患者予以同步放化疗联合早期营养治疗方案,可提高认知水平,减少疾病对营养状态和免疫功能的影响,对预后有明显改善作用。     

PBL+CBL与LBL在临床医学生外科实习教学中的效果系统评价

目的 系统评价以问题为基础的学习（problem-based learning,PBL）+以案例为基础的学习（case-based learning,CBL）与传统授课（lecture-based learning,LBL）在中国临床医学生外科实习教学中的效果。方法 计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、Embase、CNKI、VIP、万方数据库中PBL+CBL教学与LBL教学在中国医学生外科实习中随机对照研究,检索时间从建库至2019年6月。采用RevMan 5.2软件进行数据分析。结果 纳入17篇随机对照试验,共计1 161名学生,其中PBL+CBL组581名,LBL组580名。Meta 分析结果显示：PBL+CBL组的学生理论成绩高于对照组（MD=6.15,95%CI=4.14~8.15,P<0.001）,技能操作成绩高于对照组（MD=7.67,95%CI=3.66~11.69,P<0.001）,病例分析成绩高于对照组（MD=6.06,95%CI=2.89~9.23,P=0.000 2）,并且PBL+CBL组学生对教学效果表示满意的高于LBL组（OR=2.98,95%CI=1.88~4.73,P<0.001）。结论 PBL＋CBL教学在临床医学生外科实习教学中效果优于LBL教学。受纳入研究数量及质量的影响,上述结论需要更多、更高质量的研究予以验证。     

尿碘与甲状腺结节相关性及其恶性风险的研究

目的：　探究甲状腺结节与尿碘的相关性及其危险因素。方法：　选取2014年1月至2021年12月于云南省第一人民医院内分泌科进行甲状腺结节穿刺和参与“甲状腺疾病和碘营养状况的全国调查——2014”课题流调的人群为研究对象,经彩色多普勒超声检查及细胞病理学检查证实的甲状腺结节患者分为甲状腺良性结节组与甲状腺恶性结节组,合计3 206例。测定患者尿碘值、促甲状腺激素（thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（free triiodothyronine,FT3）、游离甲状素（free thyroxine,FT4）、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（thyroid peroxidase antibody,TPOAb）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（thyroglobulin antibody,TGAb）、血生化等相关指标。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行t检验、秩和检验,危险因素采用多因素logistic回归分析。结果：　①甲状腺结节组尿碘含量（159.86 μg/L）低于健康人群（187.15 μg/L）,差异有统计学意义。甲状腺结节组尿碘<100 μg/L的占比高于尿碘>300 μg/L者,甲状腺结节组碘含量构成比与健康人群比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。②甲状腺良性结节组尿碘水平中位数（134.70 μg/L）低于甲状腺恶性结节组尿碘水平中位数（172.83 μg/L）。③Logistic回归分析结果：性别当男性赋值为1,女性赋值为2时（OR=34.400,95%CI=1.619~730.759,P=0.023）,女性患甲状腺恶性结节的风险大约增加33.4倍,尿碘（OR=1.018,95%CI=1.000~1.036,P=0.048）、FT4（OR=1.876,95%CI=1.081~3.254,P=0.025）、TPOAb（OR=0.948,95%CI=0.911~0.986,P=0.008）、甘油三酯（OR=2.523,95%CI=1.194~5.330,P=0.015）是甲状腺恶性结节发生的促进因素。结论：　尿碘、性别、FT4、TPOAb、甘油三酯与甲状腺恶性结节患病有关,促进甲状腺恶性结节发生。健康人群组碘含量分布与甲状腺结节组具有统计学差异。     

基于“包含”原则的军事职业教育在线课程学习者感官学习风格调查分析

目的 以参加军事职业教育学习的海军官兵为例,基于“包含”原则对在线课程学习者的感官学习风格进行调查分析,为军事职业教育改革发展提供参考依据。方法 采取方便抽样方法,在参加军事职业教育的海军官兵中发放VARK（visual,aural,read/write,kinesthetic questionnaire）学习风格量表,基于是否包含原则,分析调查对象总体及不同群体是否包含视觉（visual,以下简称“V”）、听觉（auditory,以下简称“A”）、读写（read and write,以下简称“R”）、运动实践（kinesthetic,以下简称“K”）及视听觉（visual and auditory,以下简“VA”）感官。共发放10 000份,有效回收8 124份。通过SPSS 25.0进行统计分析,分类资料的比较采用卡方检验,检验水准α=0.05。结果 被调查官兵中,52.8%包含V,47.2%不含V,不同区域类型、身份、工作性质、兵种类别之间差异有统计学意义（χ²=29.70、25.81、13.06、42.15;P<0.001、<0.001、=0.005、<0.001）;78.8%包含A,21.2%不含A,不同区域类型、身份官兵差异有统计学意义（χ²=14.83、9.77;P=0.002、0.008）;68.8%包含R,31.2%不含R,不同区域类型、身份、单位性质、兵种类别之间差异有统计学意义（χ²=8.92、11.30、7.72、14.86;P=0.030、0.004、0.005、0.011）;70.6%包含K,29.4%不含K,不同区域类型、身份、工作性质、单位性质、兵种类别之间差异有统计学意义（χ²=48.93、55.28、25.57、7.88、72.99;P<0.001、<0.001、<0.001、=0.005、<0.001）;51.5%不包含VA,48.5%含VA,不同区域类型、身份、工作性质、兵种类别之间差异有统计学意义（χ²=41.04、29.96、16.59、51.56;P<0.001、<0.001、=0.001、<0.001）。结论 在线学习者以包含听觉感官者居多,在线课程符合其风格特征。在线学习中感官学习风格受到区域类型、身份、工作性质、单位性质、兵种类别等人口学因素的影响。提出提供类似图书馆、阅读室的场地,建设虚拟训练课程、音频课、文章、电子书等其他形式教学资源等建议。     

咽后淋巴结转移鼻咽癌患者血浆EBV DNA和血清EB抗体与预后的关系

目的 探讨咽后淋巴结转移鼻咽癌（NPC）患者血浆Epstein-Barr病毒（EBV）DNA和血清EB病毒衣壳抗原IgA抗体（VCA-IgA）、EB病毒早期抗原IgA抗体（VEA-IgA）与疗效、预后的关系。方法 回顾分析139例咽后淋巴结转移NPC患者的临床资料,用qRT-PCR法检测血浆EBV-DNA水平,酶联免疫吸附试验检测EB病毒VCA-IgA、VEA-IgA水平,根据疗效评价分为缓解组和进展组,比较治疗前后三项指标水平差异,分析治疗前各指标与临床预后、总生存的关系,Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Cox回归模型进行预后因素分析。结果 不同T分期、N分期和临床分期的EBV DNA浓度,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。不同临床分期VCA-IgA浓度和VEA-IgA 浓度比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,不同年龄、性别的EBV DNA浓度、VCA-IgA浓度和VEA-IgA浓度比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。咽后淋巴结转移NPC患者治疗前后血浆EBV DNA浓度比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,治疗前后VCA-IgA浓度和VEA-IgA浓度比较,差异无统计学意义（P <0.05）。缓解组与进展组治疗前后EBV DNA差值比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,VCA-IgA和VEA-IgA差值比较,差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。患者4年总生存率为72.7%,T₁期、T₂期、T₃期、T₄期的4年总生存率分别为89.5%、80.8%、71.4%和59.6%,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,有无远处转移、是否疾病进展和是否复发患者中位生存期和4年生存率比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。多因素Cox回归模型分析结果表明：临床分期［R=2.162（95% CI：1.130,3.215）,P <0.05］、EBV DNA水平［R=2.324（95% CI：1.242,5.529）,P <0.05］、颈部淋巴结转移侧数［R=3.012（95% CI：0.653,5.564）,P <0.05］是影响NPC生存率的危险因素。结论 EBV DNA、VCA-IgA及VEA-IgA可为咽后淋巴结转移NPC患者的疗效监测、预后判断和个体化治疗提供帮助。     

参斛汤对前列腺癌患者术后病灶及血清microRNA-301a-3p水平的影响

目的 探讨参斛汤对前列腺癌术后病灶进展及血清microRNA-301a-3p（miRNA-301a-3p）水平的影响。方法 选取2020年2月—2021年3月就诊于郑州大学第一附属医院的95例前列腺癌患者作为研究对象，按随机数表法分为对照组（47例）和研究组（48例）。患者均接受经尿道前列腺癌根治术，对照组术后接受常规化学治疗，研究组在对照组基础上增加参斛汤辅助治疗。比较两组患者术后病灶进展情况、血清学指标［前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、游离前列腺特异性抗原（f-PSA）、游离前列腺特异抗原百分率（FPSAR）、血清肿瘤相关物质（TAM）］、免疫功能、不良反应等。结果 研究组局部病灶进展时间、远处转移时间较对照组长（P <0.05）。两组患者治疗前血清PSA、FPSAR、TAM、miR-301a-3p表达水平比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05），研究组FPSAR高于对照组（P <0.05），PSA、TAM、miR-301a-3p低于对照组（P <0.05）。两组患者治疗前CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD8⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05），研究组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺较对照组高（P <0.05），CD8⁺较对照组低（P <0.05）。两组患者不良反应总发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。结论 参斛汤用于前列腺癌术后辅助治疗可有效抑制病灶进展，提高患者免疫功能，抑制miR-301a-3p表达，但在减少术后化学治疗不良反应方面未见明显优势。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.