Cleft lip-nose repair technique: Sequential repair

The results of repairing cleft lip by aesthetic plastic surgery are now excellent. However, the cleft lipnose deformity is still very difficult to repair with the present techniques. A technique that can repair the cleft lip-nose deformity with good results is presented. The technique is divided into three parts: Part I consists of nasal repair of the primary cleft lip. Part II is nasal reconstruction as a secondary operation with or without lip repair. For example, nasal reconstruction may be secondary to repair of deformities of the sill, rim, limen nasi, septum, or nasal bones. Part III is an aesthetic nasal operation such as rhinoplasty, mentoplasty, or zygomaplasty.     

单侧唇裂修复同期鼻畸形矫正术

目的 探讨在修复伴有鼻畸形的先天性唇裂时,同期一次性矫正鼻部畸形,以最大程度地减少唇裂术后继发性鼻畸形发生的手术方法.方法 采用Millard术式或Millard术式＋三角瓣插入法,同时利用唇裂手术切口入路恢复大翼软骨、鼻肌及鼻小柱的正常解剖位置以矫正鼻畸形.结果 共修复单侧唇裂108例,术后随访1个月至3年,效果满意.结论 所有单侧唇裂均伴发鼻畸形,在唇裂修复同期进行鼻畸形的矫正,可获得即刻的手术效果和较为满意的远期疗效,并可能减少再次手术及手术难度.     

Repair of the unilateral cleft lip/nose deformity

Successful surgical repair of the unilateral cleft lip and nose deformity, defined as normal orbicularis oris function and near-perfect symmetry of the repaired lip and nose, demands that the surgeon possess complete understanding of the embryology and anatomy of the midfacial defects. The surgical approach to repair of the unilateral cleft lip/nose should place great emphasis on achieving symmetry, not only with the lip segments but also perhaps even more importantly with the nasal tip. The reconstruction should recreate an intact fully functional orbicularis oris muscle across the cleft and camouflage the scar optimally. We have found that modification of the Millard rotation-advancement flap technique, with particular attention to the primary nasal repair, provides the best outcomes. In patients who have undergone primary repair of the lip and/or nose deformity, secondary rhinoplasty is generally required, regardless of the technique used at the primary repair. The degree of nasal deformity, however, is less severe following primary repair of the asymmetric nasal tip. We have found that the sliding flap cheliorhinoplasty, Wang's modification of the Vissarionov technique, provides excellent results for most secondary cleft rhinoplasties.     

New Technique for Correction of the Microform Cleft Lip Using Trans/Intraoral Approach

The traditional method of treating microform cleft lip with nose deformity uses upper lip external incision, finally leading to a small scar on the upper lip. Hereafter, we present a new method for the correction of microform cleft lip using trans/intraoral approach. The new surgical technique is characterized as (1) using trans/intraoral approach and no incisions on the skin of the upper lip, (2) reconstruction of the “cross” muscular structure using the abnormal muscular insertions at the base of nasal columella and the nasal alar to restore nose deformity, and (3) repair of the lip deformity using two small Z-plasties to get the aesthetic and functional outcome. Thirty patients with microform cleft lip were repaired with our technique, and good functional and aesthetic results of repaired noses and upper lips were obtained in most cases.     

Pearls for aesthetic reconstruction of cleft lip and nose defects

Mastery of the anatomy and embryology of the normal and cleft upper lip, primary palate, and secondary palate is an essential foundation for grasping techniques in aesthetic reconstruction of cleft lip defects. The surgical goals in repairing cleft lip deformities are to address the deficiencies of the cleft lip defect, restore static and dynamic anatomy, reshape the cleft nasal deformity, and leave a natural-appearing scar that mimics the contours of the philtral components. An additional goal is to improve skeletal alignment and retention of teeth in the vicinity of the alveolar cleft. There are advantages and disadvantages inherit in all repair techniques. However, there are principles that can be universally applied and that will improve the success of most approaches. Certain steps deserve special attention to detail, which provide for enhanced results in lip repair. In addition, the pearls for aesthetic reconstruction of cleft lip and nose defects outlined within this article--attention to scars and surface detail, utilizing the orthopedic forces of the orbicularis pull to achieve improved alveolar alignment, the importance of mucosal detail, and attention to the cleft nasal defect--will help to improve results and reduce secondary defects.     

鼻黏膜软骨瓣Z成形术修复单侧唇裂继发严重鼻畸形

目的 探讨一种单侧完全性唇裂继发严重鼻畸形的修复方法.方法 根据健侧鼻翼饱满度,于患侧鼻翼凹陷区做Z成形术设计,形成上下两鼻翼黏软骨瓣,通过交错换位,整体延长了短缩的患侧鼻翼软骨瓣的长度,再将重组的患侧鼻翼与健侧悬吊,恢复患侧鼻翼正常的解剖形态,以达到鼻畸形修复的目的.结果 12例单侧唇裂继发严重鼻畸形的患者术后两侧鼻翼饱满、对称,两侧鼻孔形态接近,外形满意.结论 患侧鼻翼黏膜软骨瓣Z成形术,对于修复严重的单侧完全性唇裂继发鼻畸形是一种良好的术式选择.     

单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形自体肋软骨修复术临床体会

目的:分析单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的产生机制,探讨单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的治疗方法.方法:采用自体肋软骨移植修复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形.结果:本组患者共32例,随访时间1～10月,均取得了良好的治疗效果.结论:自体肋软骨移植对单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形有良好的治疗效果.     

单侧唇裂鼻畸形的美学缺陷与修复

目的观察分析单侧唇裂鼻畸形者鼻尖的外在美学缺陷与内在鼻翼软骨解剖异常之间的关系,并对矫正手术加以改进。方法在３０例单侧唇裂鼻畸形矫正术中,对鼻尖部进行解剖观察和美学分析。在矫正手术中采用耳甲软骨移植重建鼻尖软骨支架的方法。结果发现鼻翼软骨的各亚结构均有发育不良、移位和变形,这与鼻尖的美学缺陷密切相关,采用改进的手术方法治疗的３０例中,２４例效果满意,４例畸形矫正不全。结论基于解剖和美学研究基础上改进的手术方法,适用于单侧唇裂鼻畸形的矫正。     

单侧唇裂继发畸形整复术的术式改良

目的 探讨改良术式修复单侧唇裂术后继发唇、鼻畸形的效果.方法 手术切几线与口鼻轮廓线相一致,片使鼻翼外侧脚整体旋转复位,重建鼻槛及鼻底,通过鼻腔的V-Y黏软骨瓣使鼻翼软骨上推,矫正鼻畸形.结果 自2000年以来,应用此方法对69例单侧唇裂继发唇、鼻畸形患者进行了修复,均取得较满意的效果,术后瘢痕线不明显.结论 轮廓线切口以及鼻翼软骨上推复位的方法符合唇、鼻的解剖特征,是一种较好的手术方法.     

Primary repair of unilateral cleft lip

The author's technique for the primary repair of unilateral cleft lip is described, including several improvements made over the last eight years. The technique aims at anatomical reconstruction of congenital anomalies of the orbicularis oris muscle as well as prevention of developmental disturbance and occurrence of deformity after surgical intervention. Cleft lip repair without muscle reconstruction may leave a concavity or a lump in the upper lip movement because of incomplete continuity of the orbicularis oris. No such result was found when muscle reconstruction was performed. In the primary repair of cleft lip, reconstruction of the orbicularis oris muscle is vital to preservation of good function and appearance of the lips.     

局部皮瓣结合埋线法修复唇裂鼻底畸形

目的探讨局部皮瓣结合埋线法在修复唇裂伴发鼻底畸形中的作用,为临床修复唇裂鼻底畸形提供参考。方法对近年采用该方法修复的36例先天性唇裂伴发鼻底畸形患者进行随访,对手术方法进行回顾性分析总结。结果36例患者伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,随访6～24个月,效果较满意。结论在修复唇裂伴发鼻底畸形手术中,应用局部皮瓣结合埋线法,能简化手术操作过程,增强手术效果,值得推广应用。     

Secondary bilateral cleft lip-nose deformity correction by rhinoplasty with simultaneous Abbe flap

Aim:

The purpose of this article is to review modification and outcome of secondary rhinoplasty along with Abbé flap for correction of secondary bilateral cleft lip deformity.

Materials and Methods:

A total of thirteen patients of secondary bilateral cleft lip-nose deformity having tight upper lip, lack of acceptable philtral column, Cupid''s bow definition, irregular lip scars, and associated nasal deformity were selected. All the patients received Abbé flap and simultaneous nasal correction. All cases were treated during a period of three years. Mean patient age at the time of the operation was 21 years, and ranged from 16 to 27 years. The average follow-up period was three years.

Results:

Assessment of results was based on comparing preoperative and postoperative clinical photographs done by surgeon and patient relatives and patient satisfaction questionnaires. The columellar lengthening and upper lip vermillion correction achieved was satisfactory. There were no perioperative complications such as airway obstruction, bleeding, infection, wound disruption, or flap necrosis.KEY WORDS: Abbe flap, bilateral cleft lip, rhinoplasty     

婴幼儿先天性唇裂早期修复同期行鼻畸形矫正初步报告

目的 探讨婴幼儿先天性唇裂早期修复,同期矫正鼻畸形,以避免唇裂术后继发鼻畸形而再次手术的可行性。方法,采用Millard I式或II式唇裂修复法修复唇裂,同期矫正鼻畸形,使移位的鼻翼软骨,鼻中隔软骨复位,以恢复正常的解剖关系,结果 1998－1999共矫治30例,年龄3个月至3岁,单侧唇裂24例,双侧唇裂6例,随诊最长18个月,效果良好。结论 唇裂患儿幼小时组织比较薄膜,畸形易于矫正,早期修复唇裂,同期矫正鼻畸形,使畸形的鼻翼软骨,鼻中隔恢复到正常的解剖学位置并在此位置 生长发育,鼻畸形可望明显改善。     

口轮匝肌精细化解剖修复矫正单侧唇裂术后继发畸形

目的 探讨单侧唇裂术后继发畸形功能性修复的方法.方法 采用基于对口轮匝肌的鼻束、鼻唇束、唇束进行精细化的解剖分离和精确复位的综合手术方法矫正单侧唇裂继发畸形.结果 2003年1月至2008年10月,于临床应用96例,术后患者唇、鼻形态和功能均得到明显改善.85例获得随访,时间为3个月至5年,患者满意度达94.1%(80/85例).结论 对口轮匝肌进行精细化解剖、精确复位,是单侧唇裂术后继发畸形获得良好治疗效果的重要保障.     

聚四氟乙烯在单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形整复术中的应用

目的：探讨利用聚四氟乙烯在先天性单侧唇裂I期术后继发不同程度鼻畸形的修复方法及效果。方法：采用小切口将美国产的聚四氟乙烯（polytetrafluoraethylene,PTFE) 置入鼻背区，鼻翼区，鼻底区，结果：置入聚四氟乙烯后使扁平的鼻梁，鼻尖抬起，凹陷的鼻底垫平，大大改善了鼻的外观，获得满意效果。结论：利用聚四氟乙烯置入鼻部矫正鼻畸形效果良好。     

自体耳软骨在单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形整形中的应用

目的 探讨耳软骨在唇裂继发畸形整形中的应用,寻找一种合适的鼻翼软骨支架的替代材料.方法 切取一侧约1.5cm×1.5cm～2.0cm×1.5cm耳甲腔软骨,将耳软骨的一侧插入到鼻翼内侧脚之间,并与内侧脚固定,另一侧固定在鼻翼软骨上,使之成拱形的支架.结果 本组18例患者,均为单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形,全部采用耳软骨支撑患侧鼻翼,术后患侧鼻翼形状良好,接近正常鼻翼形状,患者满意度高.结论 耳软骨的弹性及韧性与鼻翼软骨接近,能形成较好的鼻翼支架,鼻翼塌陷基本得到矫正,是较为理想的鼻翼软骨的替代材料.     

单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻唇畸形的修复

目的：介绍一种综合术式一次性整复单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻唇畸形的方法。方法：采用一针法鼻小柱鼻翼脚复位固定,以缩窄和平齐鼻底;利用埋没导引针修复鼻翼软骨复位,改善鼻孔形状;带侧翼鼻假体隆鼻突出鼻部和加高鼻翼;上唇M瓣成形修整唇红缘重建唇弓;两红唇瓣覆盖修复红唇部等。结果：单侧完全性唇裂术后继发鼻唇畸形32例,随访20例6个月～2年,外观和效果满意。结论：应用埋线法修复鼻小柱、鼻翼脚、鼻翼软骨复位,M成形术和两红唇瓣覆盖修复红唇部等术式是值得推荐的一种一次性整体修复继发鼻唇畸形的方法。     

单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻唇畸形的修复

目的：介绍一种综合术式一次性整复单侧完全性唇裂术后鼻唇畸形的方法。方法：采用一针法鼻小柱鼻翼脚复位固定,以缩窄和平齐鼻底;利用埋没导引针修复鼻翼软骨复位,改善鼻孔形状;带侧翼鼻假体隆鼻突出鼻部和加高鼻翼;上唇M瓣成形修整唇红缘重建唇弓;两红唇瓣覆盖修复红唇部等。结果：单侧完全性唇裂术后继发鼻唇畸形32例,随访20例6个月～2年,外观和效果满意。结论：应用埋线法修复鼻小柱、鼻翼脚、鼻翼软骨复位,M成形术和两红唇瓣覆盖修复红唇部等术式是值得推荐的一次性整体修复继发鼻唇畸形的方法。     

肌肉复位术矫正单侧唇裂术后鼻底畸形

目的 探讨单侧唇裂术后鼻底畸形矫正的有效手术方法.方法 对2007年8月至2010年8月收治的50例单侧唇裂术后鼻底畸形患者,针对不同的畸形程度,采用鼻底肌肉复位术矫正鼻底畸形,并以肌肉组织充填鼻翼基底,弥补患侧上颌骨发育不足;复位鼻唇肌,以保持两侧肌张力的均衡,恢复鼻翼形态.结果 术后50例患者的鼻畸形均得到很大程度的改善,术后移位的鼻小柱回到正常位置,左右鼻翼根部和鼻底宽度基本对称,鼻翼根部畸形、鼻底过宽、鼻小柱偏斜均得到较明显改善.对患者手术前后的相关数据进行统计检验,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的病因复杂,可通过对易位的鼻孔压肌翼部、降鼻中隔肌复位术,有效地改善畸形.     

改良Mohler法同期修复单侧唇裂鼻畸形

目的 探讨先天性单侧唇裂鼻畸形同期修复的手术方法,并对治疗效果进行评估.方法 采用改良的Mohler法修复唇裂,同期行鼻畸形的整复,术后6d开始佩带鼻部保持器至少半年,分别在术后3、12个月复诊.结果 1998年9月至2008年8月,共治疗103例,手术年龄为2.5～12个月.术后3个月随诊时,97例获得了良好的鼻唇形态,手术切口瘢痕不明显,与非裂隙侧人中嵴对称,双唇峰等高,双侧鼻孔对称,鼻小柱居中,鼻尖挺立,鼻翼塌陷不明显;6例鼻部形态满意,但存在裂隙侧唇峰上移,唇高不足.术后12个月随诊的89例鼻畸形并无明显加重,鼻软骨发育也未受到很大影响,存在唇高不足的3例上唇缩短也得到明显改善.结论 改良Mohler法同期修复单侧唇裂鼻畸形是一种值得推广的手术方式.