吲达帕胺治疗老年单纯收缩期高血压疗效观察

目的探讨吲达帕胺对老年单纯收缩期高血压（ISH）的疗效观察。方法以108例老年ISH患者随机分为吲达帕胺治疗组（n=54，吲达帕胺1．25mg／d）和氨氯地平治疗组（n=54，氨氯地平5mg／d）。每周测量坐位血压2次。治疗前和治疗后3个月后分别检测空腹血糖、血脂、血尿酸、血钾、血钠。结果两组治疗前后降压疗效差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01），但组间相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组治疗前后空腹血糖、血脂、血尿酸、血钾、血钠亦无统计学差异。结论吲达帕胺治疗老年ISH安全、有效。     

运动对老年高血压患者血压和糖,脂代谢的影响

目的探讨运动对老年高血压患者血压和糖、脂代谢的影响。方法将４３例老年高血压患者随机分为运动组和对照组，两组均接受尼群地平降压治疗，同时运动组进行为期３个月的体育运动。测量两组入组时和３个月后血压、血脂、空腹血糖、胰岛素及负荷后１ｈ和２ｈ血糖及血胰岛素。结果经过３个月规则运动，运动组空腹及糖负荷后１ｈ、２ｈ胰岛素水平、血胆固醇、甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白较对照组降低（Ｐ值均＜０．０５），高密度脂蛋白较对照组增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；试验后两组血压均较入组时降低，而运动组服药量较对照组减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论规则的体育运动能降低老年高血压患者空腹及糖负荷后血胰岛素水平，并有利于血脂代谢紊乱的纠正和血压的控制     

吲达帕胺和吲达帕胺联合培垛普利对高血压病治疗的临床研究

目的 观察吲达帕胺的降血压作用，不良反应，对代谢的影响及与血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）合用的疗效。方法 按1999年WHO标准选取原发高血压病例，分为吲达帕胺组（667例，吲达帕胺2.5mg，每日一次）与吲达帕胺＋培垛普利组（33例吲达帕胺2.5mg/d 培垛普利4mg/d)。由固定医生每周随访一次，测坐位血压，并于冲洗期末和降压治疗2周后测动态血压，冲洗期末及治疗4周后检查空腹血糖，血脂，血钾及尿白蛋白排泄量。结果 吲达帕胺组服药后4周，8周，12周，总有效率分别达72．7％，77．3％和81．8％，降压的T／P比在60％以上，对糖代谢，脂代谢和血钾无明显影响，尿白蛋白排泄量减少（P＜0．01）。吲达帕胺＋培垛普利组治疗4，8周后，总有效率分别达72．7％，84．8％。仅个别病人出现轻微的不良反应。结论 吲达帕胺对高血压患者单药降压有效率高，不良反应少，对糖代谢，脂代谢和血钾无明显影响，并能减少尿白蛋白排泄量，与ACEI合用，有良好的协同作用。     

卡托普利与美托洛尔治疗轻、中度高血压疗效比较

本文比较了血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂卡托普利（开搏通）与选择性β１受体阻滞剂美托洛尔（倍他乐克）治疗轻中度高血压即时和短程疗效。眼药后１ｈ，卡托普利组收缩压和舒张压明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），而美托洛尔组仅收缩压下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。服药后３ｈ，两药均达最大降压疗效，两组降压比较无统计学差异。服药后１２ｈ美托洛尔组收缩压和舒张压仍有降压作用（Ｐ＜０．０５），而卡托普利仅对舒张压有作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）。服药后２１天，卡托普利和美托洛尔组总有效率分别是８７．５％和８３．３％（ｘ２＝４．２２，Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

原发性高血压胰岛素及其拮抗激素改变与冠心病的关系

观察原发性高血压患者基础血糖负荷后血清胰岛素及其部分拮抗激素的变化。结果显示：各组空腹胰岛素水平接近。糖负荷后各时点胰岛素和生长激素均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；胰岛素敏感指数患者组显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜Ｏ．０１），并与生长激素水平呈显著负相关（γ＝－０．８０９，Ｐ＜０．０１）．患者组泌乳素明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），尤以高血压合并冠心病组差别最为显著（ｐ＜０．０１）。血清胆固醇无组间差别。甘油三酯水平患者组显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示：本组患者存在着胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症。其原因可能与下丘脑兴奋性增强致胰岛素拮抗激素分泌紊乱有关。由此造成的脂质代谢紊乱可能是单纯降压治疗不能降低冠心病患病率的原因之一。     

高血压对老年人听力影响的观察

目的观察高血压对老年人听力的影响。方法采用ＭｏｄｓｅｎＯＢ４０型电子纯音听力计测定６６例老年高血压患者及正常老年人４０人纯音听阈。高血压组作动态血压（ＡＢＰＭ）检查，并根据血压昼夜节律异常及听力损伤与否，分组作组间比较。结果发现老年人听力有不同程度减退。与健康组比较，高血压组在０．２５～２ｋＨｚ时差异明显（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在４～８ｋＨｚ时更明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）。高血压患者中昼夜节律异常组听力更减退，差异明显（Ｐ＜０．０５）；听力损伤组２４ｈＳＢＰ、ＳＢＰ负荷较高，差异明显（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论高血压是老年人听力损伤的病因之一，高血压血压昼夜节律异常与２４ｈＳＢＰ、ＳＢＰ负荷高者老年人听力损伤更严重。降压治疗，控制２４ｈＳＢＰ与ＳＢＰ负荷及恢复昼夜节律应有利于减缓老年人听力的衰退     

体育运动对轻度高血压病患者血胰岛素的影响

目的探讨体育运动对高血压病患者血胰岛素的影响。方法将１０９例轻度原发性高血压病患者随机分配到运动组（５３例）和对照组（５６例）。两组均接受尼群地平降压治疗，同时对运动组进行为期３个月的中等强度运动干预。测量两组入选时和３个月后血压、空腹血糖、血胰岛素、血脂及口服葡萄糖负荷后１、２小时血糖及胰岛素。结果经过３个月规则运动，运动组空腹及糖负荷后１、２小时胰岛素水平低于对照组（Ｐ值均＜００５），其空腹胰岛素下降程度与运动量呈正相关（ｒ＝０６１，Ｐ＜００５），血胆固醇、甘油三酯及低密度脂蛋白水平低于对照组（Ｐ＜００５）。结论长期中等强度的体育运动能降低高血压病患者空腹及糖负荷后血胰岛素水平，并有利于纠正血脂代谢紊乱。     

氯沙坦联合吲达帕胺治疗高血压合并高尿酸血症的疗效观察

目的探讨氯沙坦联合吲达帕胺治疗高血压合并高尿酸血症的疗效。方法选取78例高血压合并高尿酸血症患者,随机分为两组,对照组39例,给予口服氯沙坦50mg,1次/d,治疗组39例,在对照组的基础上加服吲达帕胺2.5mg,1次/d;治疗12周,观察血压、血尿酸、血肌酐和血钾的变化。结果治疗组降压效果明显优于对照组（P〈0.01）,且两组降血尿酸效果比较无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论氯沙坦联合吲达帕胺具有良好的降压、降血尿酸作用。     

吲达帕胺对高血压患者血管内皮细胞功能的影响

目的　观察吲达帕胺对原发性轻、中度高血压患者血管内皮细胞功能的影响。方法　采用放射免疫法及镀铜镉还原比色法测定３６ 例原发性高血压病患者口服吲达帕胺２－５～５ ｍｇ,每天一次,四周前后血浆内皮素（Ｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉｎ,ＥＴ） 及血清一氧化氮（Ｎｉｔｒｉｃ Ｏｘｉｄｏ,ＮＯ） 的水平。结果　原发性轻、中度高血压患者治疗前与正常人相比,ＥＴ显著增高而ＮＯ显著降低（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５）,二者呈负相关（γ＝ － ０－６９３６,Ｐ＜０－０５）;治疗后血浆ＥＴ降低,ＮＯ水平升高（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ,ＥＴ／ＮＯ比值降低。结论　吲达帕胺可改善高血压患者受损的血管内皮细胞功能。     

高效磷脂液治疗高脂血症80例临床分析

本文对医院确诊的高脂血症１６０例随机分二组即高效磷脂液组（治疗组），烟酸肌醇酯组（对照组）进行对比观察６０天。高效磷脂液组治疗３０天时血胆固醇已有明显下降，６０天时血胆固醇进一步下降，平均下降４９ｍｇ／ｄｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５），血甘油三酯平均下降２７ｍｇ／ｄｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；对照组治疗３０天血胆固醇下降不明显，６０天时血胆固醇平均下降１８ｍｇ／ｄｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５），血甘油三酯平均下降２２ｍｇ／ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。本文研究表明高效磷脂液组优于烟酸肌醇酯组。     

老年高血压病患者血尿酸水平及其他心血管相关因素

目的 观察老年高血压病患者血尿酸,血脂,胰岛素抵抗指数和内生肌酐清除率等相关因素,探讨血尿酸在老年高血压病患者中的临床意义。方法 老年高血压病组78例（A组）,中青年高血压病组57例（B组）,老年健康对照组41例（C组）。测量体质量指数（BMI）,腰围（WC）,腰臀比（WHR）,检测血尿酸（SUA）,总胆固醇（TC）,三酰甘油（TG）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）,空腹血糖(FBG),空腹胰岛素水平（FIn）,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）,血肌酐(Scr),计算内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）。结果 高尿酸血症发生率分别为A组:23%,B组:28%,C组:2%。A组与C组比较,A组BMI、WHR、SUA、TG、TC、SBP、DBP、FIn、HOMA-IR均明显升高,A组Ccr、HDL-C低于C组,具有统计学意义（P<0.05）; A组与B组比较,A组WHR、FIn、HOMA-IR、Ccr、DBP低于B组,具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 高血压病患者高尿酸血症发生率明显升高,血尿酸可作为高血压病患者临床评估的重要指标之一。     

Effects of a low dose of indapamide, a diuretic, given daily or every-other-day on blood pressure and metabolic parameters.

To investigate the effects of the diuretic, indapamide, on blood pressure (BP) and metabolic parameters, thirty hypertensive patients were treated with 1 mg of indapamide either every day or every other day. BP, fasting plasma glucose, lipids, serum potassium and uric acid were determined at baseline and after 3 months of a stable regimen of the drug. At the termination of the study, 48-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed. Three patients received only indapamide, while other patients were treated in combination with additional antihypertensive medications. Patients treated with daily indapamide showed a BP reduction from 162 +/- 2.9/85 +/- 2.4 mmHg to 134 +/- 2.4/71 +/-2.6 mmHg (p < 0.001). The BP reduction was similar in those patients receiving the drug every other day (137 +/- 3.4/71 +/- 3.6 mmHg). While plasma lipids and serum potassium did not differ significantly with the intervention, uric acid increased significantly with daily treatment and normalized with every-other-day treatment. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was not altered (5.6 +/- 0.1% vs. 5.4 +/- 0.2%), and did not differ between patients with and without diabetes mellitus. ABPM revealed an average 24-h BP of 134 +/- 3.3/75 +/- 1.7 mmHg on days in which patients received the medication and 139 +/- 4.9/78 +/- 2.6 mmHg on the intervening day without indapamide (no significant difference). These results suggest that a low dose of indapamide given every day or every other day is effective in lowering BP and does not result in metabolic derangements.     

老年原发性高血压患者尿酸与尿微量蛋白的关系

目的:探讨老年原发性高血压(EH)患者尿酸与尿微量蛋白的关系。方法:观察215例EH患者各尿酸水平分组之间年龄、尿微量白蛋白(ALB)、尿视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)、尿免疫球蛋白(IgG)、血肌酐、尿素氮、TC、TG和空腹血糖的变化及其相互关系。结果:各尿酸组之间ALB、RBP、IgG和尿素氮差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05),多因素Linear regression分析发现肌酐、尿酸是ALB和RBP的相关因子(P<0.01或P<0.05),血糖和尿酸是IgG的相关因子(均P<0.05)。结论:尿酸升高的EH患者,ALB、RBP、IgG均增加。在EH患者中升高的尿酸可能参与肾功能的损伤。     

Comparison of monotherapy versus combination antihypertensive therapy in elderly patients with essential hypertension

Authors sought to compare the efficacy of monotherapy versus combination antihypertensive therapy in elderly patients. Patients in this study, aged 65 to 85 years, were divided into 4 groups and entered an 8-week treatment period. First group: 22 patients, amlodipine 5 mg/d increasing to 10 mg; second: 20 patients, eprosartan 600 mg/d increasing to 600 mg twice a day; third: 21 patients, amlodipine 5 mg/d and indapamide 2.5 mg/d, increasing amlodipine to 10 mg/d; fourth: 23 patients, imidapril 10 mg/d and indapamide 2.5 mg/d, imidapril doubled to 20 mg/d. A greater drop in systolic and in diastolic blood pressure was obtained by combination of amlodipine and indapamide compared with amlodipine or eprosartan monotherapy. Imidapril and indapamide showed similar efficacy compared with eprosartan monotherapy but not with amlodipine monotherapy. Amlodipine and indapamide appeared more effective than imidapril and indapamide in diastolic blood pressure. Combination treatment with amlodipine and indapamide or imidapril and indapamide effectively reduces blood pressure in elderly patients with essential hypertension.     

比索洛尔加小剂量双氢克尿噻治疗高血压病的疗效观察

目的:观察比索洛尔加小剂量双氢克尿噻治疗高血压病的疗效和安全性。方法:86例高血压患者被随机均分为两组:对照组(单用比索洛尔2.5mg,晨服,1次/d)和观察组(在对照组治疗基础上再加用小剂量双氢克尿噻12.5mg,晨服,1次/d),疗程均为1月,观察治疗前、后血压,心率,血脂,血糖,肝、肾功能,电解质含量的变化。结果:治疗1个月后血压下降,总有效率对照组72%,观察组93%,两组有显著差异(P<0.05)。两组均无不良事件发生。结论:比索洛尔加小剂量双氢克尿噻治疗高血压病安全、有效。     

高血压合并肥胖患者脉搏波传导速度的变化及其相关影响因素分析

目的 探讨高血压合并肥胖患者脉搏波传导速度的变化及其相关影响因素.方法 随机入选高血压合并肥胖患者和单纯高血压患者各300例.应用日本科林VP-1000动脉硬化测定仪测定臂踝脉搏波传导速度,同时检测血糖、甘油三酯、肌酐、尿酸、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇及腰围等指标,并以臂踝脉搏波传导速度为因变量,以年龄、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、体质指数、腰围、血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、肌酐、尿酸等为自变量,行臂踝脉搏波传导速度的多因素分析.结果 高血压合并肥胖患者臂踝脉搏波传导速度(1635±239cm/s)较单纯高血压患者(1583±288 cm/s)显著升高(P<0.05).Pearson相关分析表明,两组臂踝脉搏波传导速度均与收缩压、脉压显著正相关(P<0.05),与舒张压无相关性(P>0.05).多元逐步回归分析表明,600例高血压患者中年龄、收缩压和腰围与反映动脉僵硬度的臂踝脉搏波传导速度关系密切(P<0.05).结论 高血压合并肥胖患者与单纯高血压患者之间臂踝脉搏波传导速度存在显著性差异,年龄、收缩压及腰围与臂踝脉搏波传导速度相关.     

Microalbuminuria and cardiovascular events in elderly hypertensive patients without previous cardiovascular complications.

To assist in the development of better treatments for elderly hypertensive patients, we studied the degree to which the baseline values of urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and other cardiovascular risk factors were predictive of cardiovascular complications in a cohort of elderly hypertensive patients. In 1994, we adopted 144 elderly hypertensive patients, who had been treated for more than 6 years at various clinics and more than 1 year at the National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan. They were divided into 2 groups: a NA group (n=111) with normoalbuminuria (UAE<30mg/day) and an MA group (n=33) with microalbuminuria (UAE 30-300 mg/day). At baseline, the two groups were similar with respect to systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), pulse pressure (PP), age, ratio of males to females, serum creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and creatinine clearance (CCr). PP was calculated as SBP minus DBP. The efficacy of blood pressure (BP) control was similar in both groups during the 8-year follow up period; however, a total of 14 cardiovascular events occurred in the MA (6/33) and NA (8/111) groups, with the MA group showing the higher incidence rate by multiple logistic regression analysis (p<0.05). At 8 years of follow-up, PP and age were correlated with UAE (p<0.05, p<0.001). At the same time point, CCr was correlated with UAE at baseline (p<0.05). The results indicated that, in elderly hypertensive patients without previous cardiovascular complications, microalbuminuria can be a predictor of cardiovascular events irrespective of conventional BP control.     

Effects of nicardipine on blood pressure and renal function in elderly hypertensive patients with renal dysfunction

The effects of monotherapy with nicardipine, 20 mg three times a day, have been investigated in a 1-year study of 26 elderly (greater than 60 years) patients with hypertension with various types of renal dysfunction and seven without renal dysfunction. Parameters measured included blood pressure, blood chemistry (serum creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose total cholesterol, and electrolytes), plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone concentration. Nicardipine was effective in reducing blood pressure in all patients with diabetic nephropathy, parenchymal renal diseases, or hypertensive nephropathy, and in those without renal dysfunction. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were slightly elevated in some patients whose pretreatment serum creatinine level was greater than 2 mg/dl, regardless of the type of nephropathy. However, it was not determined whether this effect was the result of a reduction in blood pressure induced by nicardipine. Serum sodium, potassium, total cholesterol, and blood glucose levels were unchanged by the administration of nicardipine. Changes in plasma renin activity and aldosterone levels were not significant. These results suggest that nicardipine can be used safely in elderly patients with hypertension with renal dysfunction, regardless of the type of nephropathy.     

老年高血压患者利尿剂的使用及其对血钾和尿酸的影响

目的探讨老年高血压患者利尿剂的使用及其对血钾和尿酸的影响。方法选择年龄≥70岁的高血压患者713例,根据入选时患者服用降压药物的情况,分为3组:利尿剂组332例、非利尿剂组270例和未用药组111例,测定血钾、尿酸和其他生化指标,并进行比较。结果利尿剂组和非利尿剂组患者血压显著低于未用药组(P0.05)。与未用药组和非利尿剂组比较,利尿剂组患者尿酸、TG明显升高,血钾明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。利尿剂组低钾血症发生率明显高于非利尿剂组和未用药组(18.1% vs 10.4% vs 9.9%,P0.05,P0.01)。结论老年高血压患者中,使用利尿剂控制血压与使用非利尿降压药效果相似,但血钾水平低、低钾血症发生率高,血清尿酸升高;长期使用需注意血钾降低的防治。     

绝经后激素替代治疗对脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的　观察激素替代治疗(HRT)对绝经后高血压妇女的血压、脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法　选择绝经后轻、中度高血压妇女共 50 例。随机分成降压治疗组 25 例、降压治疗 HRT组(联合治疗组)25 例。两组均予口服福辛普利 10 mg/d 或福辛普利 10 mg/d 寿比山 2 5mg/d降压治疗;联合治疗组加服替勃龙(Tibolone)2 5 mg/d作为激素替代治疗,两组平均连续用药9月,观察治疗前后血压、血脂、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)的变化。另设绝经后正常血压组22例作为对照组。　结果　1.治疗前绝经后高血压患者 ISI较对照组明显降低(P<0 .01)。降压治疗组在治疗后收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)较治疗前分别下降了12. 3%和15 7%;联合治疗组SBP和DBP较治疗前分别下降14 8%和17 2%,两组差异不显著(P>0. 05)。2.降压治疗组治疗前后血脂无明显变化;联合治疗组治疗后的总胆固醇(TC)下降 13 2%(P<0. 05),脂蛋白 a(Lpa)下降 33 3%(P<0 .01)。甘油三酯(TG)有上升的趋势,但无显著性差异(P> 0 05)。3.降压治疗组 ISI 上升 18 1% (P<0 .05),联合治疗组ISI下降了20 3%(P<0 .01),两组差异显著(P<0 .01)。结论　1.替勃龙联合降压药物治疗绝经后高血压对降压疗效无影响。2.能明显降低血总胆固醇及脂蛋白(a),对心脑血管疾病可能有益。3.绝经后高血