肝脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT和MRI表现特征

目的 探讨肝脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(HEA)的CT、MRI表现特征,旨在提高对该病的认识和诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的8例肝脏HEA患者的CT、MRI资料,其中4例接受CT平扫+增强扫描,2例接受MRI平扫+增强扫描,2例接受CT、MRI平扫+增强扫描.结果 8例患者中,7例为女性,均为单发病灶,病灶最大径42～68 mm,边界均清楚.6例CT表现稍低密度,其中1例可见脂肪密度,2例片状低密度囊变区.4例病灶MRI表现为T1 WI呈稍低信号,1例在反相位可见信号减低,T2 WI呈稍高、高信号.8例增强扫描,7例动脉期明显不均匀强化,5例呈"快进慢出",2例呈"快进快出",1例呈"延迟强化".6例增强扫描见"中心血管征",2例见不完整假包膜.结论 HEA影像表现具有一定特征,动脉期明显不均匀强化、中心血管征、"快进慢出"强化方式及无假包膜表现有助于提示诊断,其确诊仍有赖于组织病理学及免疫组化检查.     

Evaluation of multi-phase scanning in diagnosing perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of liver by multi-slice CT

目的:探讨肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤的多排螺旋CT多期增强扫描特征.方法:回顾性分析7例经手术病理证实为肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤患者的临床及CT资料.其中3例行CT平扫、双期增强扫描及延迟扫描,3例行CT平扫、双期增强扫描,1例行CT平扫及单期增强扫描.结果:7例中6例为女性,2例为多发,5例为单发,且均位于肝右叶.CT平扫示肿瘤呈等密度-低密度,边界光整,圆形或类圆形,大小3～35 cm;增强扫描动脉期6例病灶呈明显或较明显不均匀强化,1例呈不均匀轻度强化,3例动脉期见粗大血管位于肿瘤边缘或中心,强化方式为快进快出或快进慢出、持续性强化,延迟扫描呈低密度.其中3例含有大量脂肪成分,2例含有少量脂肪成分,2例无明显脂肪成分.结论:多排螺旋CT多期扫描表现结合临床资料对正确诊断肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤有重要价值,延迟扫描对本病与肝癌鉴别有很大价值.     

肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤的CT多期扫描诊断价值

目的:探讨肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤的多排螺旋CT多期增强扫描特征。方法:回顾性分析7例经手术病理证实为肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤患者的临床及CT资料。其中3例行CT平扫、双期增强扫描及延迟扫描,3例行CT平扫、双期增强扫描,1例行CT平扫及单期增强扫描。结果:7例中6例为女性,2例为多发,5例为单发,且均位于肝右叶。CT平扫示肿瘤呈等密度-低密度,边界光整,圆形或类圆形,大小3～35cm;增强扫描动脉期6例病灶呈明显或较明显不均匀强化,1例呈不均匀轻度强化,3例动脉期见粗大血管位于肿瘤边缘或中心,强化方式为快进快出或快进慢出、持续性强化,延迟扫描呈低密度。其中3例含有大量脂肪成分,2例含有少量脂肪成分,2例无明显脂肪成分。结论:多排螺旋CT多期扫描表现结合临床资料对正确诊断肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤有重要价值,延迟扫描对本病与肝癌鉴别有很大价值。     

肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT诊断

目的 探讨肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(EAML)的CT表现,以提高对该病的诊断水平.方法 对15例经手术病理证实为肾脏EAML的临床及影像资料进行回顾性分析.15例肾脏EAML均经CT平扫及增强扫描.结果 肾EAML具有一定的特征性表现:(1)CT平扫呈稍低或等高密度,无脂肪成分,边界光整,圆形或类圆形,直径为2～5 cm;(2)病灶可以累及肾髓质部分或向外生长,但实验室检查无血尿;(3)增强扫描动脉期呈明显或较明显均匀强化,少数可不均匀明显强化,部分病灶内有增粗迂曲的血管;(4)强化方式为快进快出.结论 CT特征表现对正确诊断肾脏EAML有重要价值.     

肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现及鉴别

目的 探讨肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(EAML)的CT表现及其与肾透明细胞癌(ccRCC)、肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(AML)的鉴别诊断.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的EAML 28例、ccRCC 32例、AML 22例患者的CT征象并运用随机森林模型(RF)进行鉴别诊断.结果 EAML 28例中,男7例,女21例.平均发病年龄为42.5岁.25例发生在单侧肾脏;24例为单发,15例可见脂肪成分.CT平扫、增强动脉期及静脉期CT值分别为43.8HU、92.0 HU、77.0 HU.增强动静脉期CT差值12.8 HU.4例出现粗大血管.EAML与ccRCC进行鉴别诊断,其RF准确率为97.30％,EAML无囊变,约50％病例中含脂肪成分,发病年龄为42.5岁,平扫CT值为43.8 HU,动静脉期CT值差值为12.8 HU.约94％ ccRCC发生囊变,无脂肪,发病年龄为57.8岁,平扫CT值为36.7 HU,动静脉期CT值差值为27 HU.EAML与AML进行鉴别诊断,其RF准确率为70.97％:EAML较AML发病年龄年轻,肿瘤直径大,动静脉期CT值差大.结论 EAML主要发生在青年女性,平扫CT值较肾实质高,呈快进-慢出强化方式.EAML与ccRCC鉴别诊断主要从囊变、脂肪、年龄、平扫CT值、动静脉期CT值差值进行鉴别.EAML与AML主要从静脉期CT值、动脉期CT值、年龄、肿瘤直径、动静脉期CT值差值鉴别.     

肝脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的影像学表现与病理对照分析

目的探讨肝脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(epithelial angiomyolipomas,EAML)的影像学表现及病理特征,提高对该病诊断的准确性。方法回顾性分析9例经病理证实的肝EAML的临床表现及影像学资料。其中3例行MRI平扫和多时相动态增强扫描,5例行CT平扫和三期动态增强扫描,1例同时行CT和MR检查。9例均误诊,其中6例术前误诊为肝癌,1例误诊为血管瘤,1例误诊为局灶性结节增生(FNH),1例误诊为转移瘤。结果 9例肝EAML均为单发的类圆形肿块,边界清楚;6例位于肝右叶,3例位于肝左叶。CT平扫呈稍低密度;MRI平扫T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号;增强扫描动脉期呈明显不均匀强化,少数可均匀明显强化,6例动脉期可见早期引流静脉,8例动脉期或门脉期中央或周边可见明显强化的粗大畸形的血管;强化方式为快进快出或快进慢出。结论 EAML影像学表现具有一定特征性,结合临床资料,对术前正确诊断具有重要意义,但诊断有赖于穿刺活检。     

肝脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的MSCT表现

目的 探讨肝脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(HEAML)的MSCT表现.方法 搜集经手术后病理证实的8例HEAML患者的64层MSCT平扫及双期增强扫描资料,回顾性分析其CT表现,并与病理结果相对照.结果 8例均为女性,7例单发,1例多发.8例CT平扫均呈低密度结节或肿块,未见脂肪密度;增强扫描:7例动脉期明显不均匀强化,病灶内部或边缘见粗大的畸形血管影,强化程度接近腹主动脉,门脉期强化程度低于周围肝实质,呈“快进快出”表现,粗大畸形的血管仍持续强化;1例动脉期全瘤明显强化,门脉期强化程度与正常肝实质相近,呈“快进慢出”表现,病灶周边可见畸形血管影,强化程度低于腹主动脉.7例可见不同程度的引流静脉早期显影.6例可见假包膜,动脉期及门脉期均强化. 结论 HEAML的MSCT表现有一定的特征性,病灶内部或边缘出现粗大畸形的静脉有助于该病的诊断.     

肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤的CT、MRI表现和病理对照分析

目的 探讨肝脏血管周上皮样细胞瘤（PEComa）患者的CT、MRI影像特征,对照病理分析,以提高对该病诊断的准确性。方法 选取经病理证实为肝脏PEComa的8例患者的影像学资料,分析病灶形态及其内部影像学特征及强化特点,与病理对照分析并复习相关文献。结果 8例（100%）肝脏PEComa均为单发,7例（87.5%）边缘清晰,大小平均为4.5cm,4例（50.0%）病变内部不均匀;影像学检查4例（50.0%）见脂肪成分,其中2例（25.0%）含有大量脂肪成分,5例（62.5%）可见血管畸形,8例（100%）均未见出血、坏死及钙化;增强扫描4例（50.0%）为“快进快出”,2例（25.0%）为“快进慢出”,2例（25.0%）为“持续强化”。结论 肝脏PEComa女性多见,多数单发,CT、MRI影像学表现为边界清晰,病变内部不均匀,可含有脂肪及畸形血管,强化方式多样。     

肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现

目的 探讨肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(EAML)的CT表现特点.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的8例EAML的CT影像特征.结果 8例(共10个病灶)中6例单发,2例多发;5例(7个病灶)含有明确脂肪成分;CT平扫呈圆形或类圆形的稍高密度肿块;增强扫描皮质期均有不同程度的强化;静脉期7例持续强化,1例强化程度下降.结论 EAML的CT表现有一定特征性,增强扫描有助于与肾透明细胞癌及肾盂癌相鉴别,但与经典型血管平滑肌脂肪瘤难以鉴别,确诊仍需依靠病理检查.     

肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的螺旋CT表现及病理对照研究

目的：初步探讨肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现。方法：搜集4例经手术病理及免疫组化证实的肾上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,均行双肾螺旋CT平扫及动态增强扫描,回顾性分析其CT表现,并与手术病理对照。结果：2例CT平扫,含有明确脂肪密度,并呈侵袭性表现;增强扫描实性成分明显强化。2例病灶较小,平扫呈略高密度实性肿块,边界清楚,病灶内无明显脂肪密度;增强扫描密度相对均匀,实质期强化程度最高,排泄期密度下降较少。免疫组化均证实为上皮样肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤。结论：肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤即可富含脂肪,又可为乏脂肪病变,与经典血管平滑肌脂肪瘤在影像学上区分困难,当AML出现侵袭性表现,应考虑到肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.