野罂粟悬浮细胞培养及其野罂粟生物碱的产生

对野罂粟细胞悬浮培养及其次生代谢物野罂粟生物碱进行了研究。结果显示，在培养的中后期补充营养物质可促进细胞生长及生物碱的累积。3％的蔗糖浓度对细胞的生长最为有利；4％的蔗糖对总生物碱的累积最为适宜。悬浮细胞在pH5．7的培养基中生长最为旺盛，而在pH5．4的培养基中总生物碱的含量最高。取IC法测定野罂粟悬浮培养物中野罂粟碱的含量为0．0235mg/g DW，黑龙辛甲醚的含量为0．022mg/g DW。     

真菌诱导子对胡桐悬浮培养细胞产生红厚壳素的影响

目的探讨真菌诱导子对胡桐悬浮培养细胞产生红厚壳素的影响。方法通过对胡桐叶斑病病菌的分离培养,制成真菌诱导子补加到胡桐细胞悬浮培养基中,考察不同浓度、不同加入时间对胡桐细胞生物量及红厚壳素产量的影响。结果S-I菌株诱导胡桐CR2细胞合成红厚壳素的最佳浓度为60 mg GE·L^-1,诱导子在细胞生长静止期初期(即培养d 18)加入对红厚壳素产量影响最大,可使产量提高27%,并促进了红厚壳素向胞外分泌。结论 壳多孢菌的添加能有效提高胡桐细胞悬浮培养体系中红厚壳素的产量。     

止泻木细胞悬浮培养生产生物碱研究(第二报) 加入前体并在搅拌下培养的影响

作者等考虑到在培养中加入前体胆固醇50mg/L,8天后的生物碱产量能达到143mg/L。放大到6L容器内,并掌握好培养基的成分、接种、通气及搅拌等要点,和前体物的加入步骤,可使生物碱生产水平在8天后达到0.88g/100g干燥细胞,相当于每天110mg/100g。和植物自然生长相比较,按4年长成的植物,每100g可含1g生物碱的含量计,等于每天0.68mg/100g的生长率,高     

前体及真菌诱导子对银杏悬浮培养细胞产生银杏内酯B的影响

目的：探索前体及真菌诱导子对银杏悬浮培养细胞产生银杏内酯B的影响。方法：通过向培养基中补加前体及真菌诱导子,考察它们对悬浮培养细胞生物量及银杏内酯B产量的影响。结果：于培养基中添加100 mg.L^-1异戊二烯及低浓度(10 mg.L^-1,50 mg.L^-1)的　牛儿醇能提高GKB的产量,分别比对照增加了69%,13.8%和11.4%。从10种真菌诱导子中筛选出效果较好的日本根霉诱导子,当添加浓度为5 mg GE.L^-1,诱导培养3 d时,悬浮细胞的GKB产量比对照增加约1倍。结论：在银杏悬浮细胞培养过程中,添加前体物质及应用真菌诱导子是提高银杏内酯B的有效手段之一。     

延胡索与川楝子配伍中总生物碱含量变化的研究

目的：测定延胡索及其与川楝子配伍中总生物碱的含量，研究中药配伍的合理性。方法：采用有机溶剂提取法对样品中生物碱进行提取，酸碱滴定法分别测定延胡索及延胡索与川楝子配伍水煎液中总生物碱的含量。结果：延胡索和延胡索与川楝子配伍中总生物碱含量分别为2．219mg／g和3．422mg／g，配伍后较延胡索单品中生物碱含量高1．203mg／g，经统计学处理，P〈0．01。结论：川楝子与延胡索配伍，对其生物碱的含量有显著的影响。     

头孢呋辛酯HPLC含量测定方法的改进

对头孢呋辛酯的HPLC含量测定方法进行改进。色谱条件：采用ODS柱，0．01mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH2．0)-乙腈-叔丁基甲醚(80：15：5)为流动相，柱温45℃，检测波长278nm。头孢呋辛酯与有关物质分离良好。头孢呋辛酯在89～268μg／ml范围内呈良好的线性关系，日内RSD为0．4％，含量测定结果与采用欧洲药典方法所得结果相符。提出了头孢呋辛酯有关物质检查的梯度洗脱HPLC法。     

野罂粟总生物碱镇痛作用

目的：研究野罂粟总生物碱（total alkaloids of Papaver nudicaul，TAPN）的镇痛作用特点。方法：采用小鼠热板法和大鼠电刺激甩尾法两种致痛模型研究TAPN镇痛作用特点。结果：小鼠热板法和大鼠电刺激甩尾法致病实验结果表明：ipTAPN具有明显的镇痛作用，其作用强度约为吗啡的1／5～1/4。单次给药的镇痛作用达峰时间与吗啡相似，均在20min以内，但镇痛作用持续时间明显长于吗啡，可达4h以上。与吗啡明显不同的是．TAPN的镇痛作用无耐受性。结论：TAPN具有明显的镇痛作用，作用强度弱于吗啡．约为吗啡的1／5-1/4，但镇痛作用维持时间明显长于吗啡，可持续4h以上．且其镇痛作用无耐受性。     

铜绿假单胞茵注射液对人乳腺癌细胞的体外杀伤及促凋亡作用研究

目的研究铜绿假单胞菌（pseudo—monas aeruginosa,PA-MSHA）注射液在体外实验中对人乳腺癌细胞（MCF-7）凋亡和增殖的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法应用MTT比色法检测铜绿假单胞菌注射液对体外培养的MCF-7细胞增殖抑制作用,应用流式细胞术检测铜绿假单胞菌注射液诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡,检测其对细胞周期的影响。用Hoechst33258染色法染色,荧光显微镜检测铜绿假单胞菌注射液诱导体外培养的MCF-7肿瘤细胞凋亡的形态学改变。结果铜绿假单胞菌注射液抑制MCK7细胞增殖,呈剂量和时间依赖性;与对照组相比,铜绿假单胞菌注射液组MCF7细胞的凋亡率明显增高（P〈0．01）、G0／G1期细胞比例明显增高、S期细胞所占百分比明显降低（P〈0．05）,染色荧光显微镜检测发现PAMSHA能诱导体外培养的肿瘤细胞呈现明显的凋亡图像。结论铜绿假单胞菌注射液可能通过对细胞周期中G0／G1期阻滞,诱导MCF-7细胞凋亡,从而抑制MCF-7细胞的增殖。     

大环内酯类药物对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜形成的影响

采用聚碳酸酯过滤膜或聚丙烯酰胺膜制备铜绿假单胞菌生物膜,计数滤膜菌落并用扫描电镜观察,研究大环内酯类及抗铜绿假单胞菌药物对铜绿假单胞菌生物形成的影响。结果表明与未经药物作用的滤膜菌落计数比较,阿尔霉素2mg/L和红霉素2mg/L可使生物膜内细菌由10^10CFU/cm^2降至10^3.3和10^3.7CFU/cm^2;阿奇霉素（2mg/L)分别与头孢他啶（0．0625mg/L)、亚胺培南（0．5mg/L）、美洛培南（0．25mg/L）、阿米卡星（0．0625mg/L )、环丙沙星（0．004mg/L）合用后,生物膜内细菌降至10^1.5-10^3.8CFU/cm^2;红霉素与上述药物合用后,生物膜内细菌降至10^2.8-10^5.5CFU/cm^2;麦迪霉素32mg/L、抗铜绿假单胞菌药物单用或两者联合应用,菌量为10^8.1-10^11.5CFU/cm^2。扫描电镜观察与菌落计数结果一致。表明红霉素、阿奇霉素能抑制铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的生成;麦迪霉素及五种抗铜绿假单胞菌药物对生物膜的形成无抑制作用。     

野黄芩苷对人舌鳞癌 Tca8113 细胞凋亡及 caspase-8表达的影响

目的 探讨野黄芩苷诱导人舌鳞癌 Tca8113 细胞凋亡的可能机制。方法 将体外培养的人舌鳞癌Tca8113 细胞分成对照组和不同浓度野黄芩苷组（浓度分别为 80、 120、 160 mg/L）, 每组设 3 个复孔。采用 Tunel检测细胞凋亡情况; 采用免疫细胞化学法和 Western blot 法检测 caspase-8 蛋白表达情况。结果 （1） 80、 120、 160 mg/L 野黄芩苷组 Tca8113 细胞凋亡率高于对照组（ [ 17.63±0.25） %、（36.23±0.36） %、（51.84±0.58） % vs（4.45±0.27） %, P < 0.05]。（2）与对照组相比, 80、 120、 160 mg/L 野黄芩苷组 caspase-8 蛋白的表达增加（0.283±0.040 vs 0.474±0.031、 0.592±0.077、 0.781±0.020, P < 0.05）。结论 野黄芩苷能明显诱导舌鳞癌细胞 Tca8113 的凋亡, 可能与上调 caspase-8 蛋白表达有关。     

真菌诱导子对北虫草深层培养的影响

目的研究4种真菌诱导子对北虫草液体培养菌丝体干重和虫草素产量的影响。方法在北虫草培养时,加入真菌诱导子,并与空白对照组比较。结果 0.02%的番茄灰霉对北虫草中菌丝体和虫草素的促进作用最明显,菌丝体干重为对照组的1.16倍,虫草素产量为对照组的5.02倍。0.02%番茄灰霉通过延长北虫草的对数生长期,提高了菌丝体干重和虫草素的产量。酵母菌对北虫草无明显作用,而其他两种真菌诱导子对菌丝体和虫草素的产量都有不同程度的抑制作用。结论 4种真菌诱导子对北虫草深层培养有不同程度的影响。     

The fate of diesel hydrocarbons in soils and their effect on the germination of perennial ryegrass

Hydrocarbon contamination in soils may be toxic to plants and soil microorganisms and act as a source of groundwater contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fate of diesel in soils with or without added nutrients. The soils examined either had or had not a previous history of hydrocarbon contamination. Particular aspects examined were soil respiration, changes in microbial population, breakdown of diesel hydrocarbons, and phytotoxicity to the germination of perennial ryegrass. Soil respiration was measured as evolved CO2. Bacterial population was determined as colony forming units in dilution plates and fungal activity was measured as hyphal length. The fate of individual hydrocarbons was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after extraction with dichloromethane. When diesel was added to soil with no previous history of hydrocarbon contamination at rates up to 50 mg/g, the respiration response showed a lag phase of 6 days and maximum respiration occurred at day 11. The lag phase was 2 days and maximum respiration occurred at day 3 in soil with a previous history of hydrocarbon contamination. After the peak, respiration decreased up to about 20 days in both soils. Thereafter, respiration become more or less constant but substantially greater than the control. N and P addition along with diesel did not reduce the lag phase but increased the respiration over the first 20 days of incubation. Diesel addition with or without N and P increased the bacterial population 10- to 100-fold but fungal hyphal length did not increase. Diesel addition at a rate of 136 mg/g did not increase the microbial population. Removal of inhibition to germination of perennial ryegrass was linked to the decomposition of nC10 and nC11 hydrocarbons and took from 11 to 30 days at diesel additions up to 50 mg/g depending on the soil. Inhibition to germination of perennial ryegrass persisted to more than 24 weeks at the 136 mg/g of diesel addition.     

Individual and combined effects of cadmium and copper on the growth response of Chlorella vulgaris

The individual and combined effects of cadmium and copper on the growth response of the green alga, Chlorella vulgaris, were examined. The effects of pH alone, and in combination with copper were also evaluated. An increase in cadmium and copper concentrations caused a significant reduction in the growth of C. vulgaris cells, and the corresponding EC₅₀ values were 1.02 and 4.01 mg L⁻¹, respectively. For a pH range of 2–7, the inhibitory effect due to increased copper concentrations (coupled with the resulting drop in pH) was significantly higher than the impact due to increased acidity (by addition of HCl) alone. At lower metal concentrations (5 mg L⁻¹ Cu + < 2 mg L⁻¹ Cd or 2.5 mg L⁻¹ Cd + < 4 mg L⁻¹ Cu), a combination of copper and cadmium appeared to have a stronger inhibitory effect on cell growth than that of a single metal. In contrast, at higher metal concentrations (5 mg L⁻¹ Cu + > 2 mg L⁻¹ Cd or 2.5 mg L⁻¹ Cd + > 4 mg L⁻¹ Cu), the effect of a single metal exhibited a significantly stronger effect compared to a combination of the two metals. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 14: 347–353, 1999     

Clinical experience with itraconazole in systemic fungal infections

The broad spectrum antifungal itraconazole is an effective and well tolerated agent for the prophylaxis and treatment of systemic fungal infections. The recent development of an itraconazole oral solution and an intravenous itraconazole solution has increased the options for the use of this drug and increased the oral bioavailability in a variety of at-risk patients. Reliable absorption of the itraconazole oral solution has been demonstrated in patients with HIV infection, neutropenic patients with haematological malignancy, bone marrow transplant recipients and neutropenic children. In clinical trials, itraconazole oral solution (5 mg/kg/day) was more effective at preventing systemic fungal infection in patients with haematological malignancy than placebo, fluconazole suspension (100 mg/day) or oral amphotericin-B (2 g/kg/day) and was highly effective at preventing fungal infections in liver transplant recipients. There were no unexpected adverse events with the itraconazole oral solution in any of these trials. In addition, intravenous itraconazole solution is at least as effective as intravenous amphotericin-B in the empirical treatment of neutropenic patients with systemic fungal infections, and drug-related adverse events are more frequent in patients treated with amphotericin-B. A large proportion of patients with confirmed aspergillosis also respond to treatment with intravenous itraconazole followed by oral itraconazole. The new formulations of itraconazole are therefore effective agents for prophylaxis and treatment of most systemic fungal infections in patients with haematological malignancy.     

Uptake of aluminum, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc by human scalp hair and elution of the adsorbed metals

Uptake of aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) from aqueous solutions by human scalp hair (water/hair = 100:1) has been studied in the concentration range 0-50 mg/L. Hair metal levels were determined by a wet digestion procedure and atomic absorption spectrometry. Under conditions used, uptake followed a sigmoid concentration-response relationship. The order of binding capacity of hair to the metals was as follows: Al greater than Cd greater than Cu greater than Pb greater than Zn. Using logit transformation 50% saturation was evaluated at the following metal concentrations (hair metal concentration of saturation is given in parenthesis): 0.34 mg/L for Al (0.154 mg/g); 1.82 mg/L for Cd (0.363 mg/g); 2.21 mg/L for Cu (0.651 mg/g); 2.52 mg/L for Pb (0.986 mg/g); 23.84 mg/L for Zn (1.616 mg/g). Percentage elution of trace metals from hair after treatment with metal-enriched solutions by five different procedures ranged from 14.5 to 46.5% for Al, from 11.1 to 28.9% for Zn, from 11.5 to 28.4% for Pb, from 8.9 to 13.6% for Cd, and from 0.1 to 11.8% for Cu. In addition, trace element concentrations were measured in tap water samples and shampoos.     

The pharmacokinetics of chlortetracycline orally administered to turkeys: Influence of citric acid andPasteurella multocida infection

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe the absorption and disposition of chlortetracyline (CTC) in the healthy and diseased (fowl cholera) turkey. The CTC was given (with and without citric acid) as an oral (15 mg/kg) or i.v. (1 mg/kg) dose. When minerals (0.3 g/LCa²⁺, 0.1 g/LMg²⁺) were dissolved in the bird's drinking water, the model indicated that the addition of citric acid (mass ratio of 10 citrate:1 CTC) increased the fraction of dose absorbed from 0.06 to 0.16; once absorbed, the fractions of drug eliminated by renal excretion, biliary secretion, and chemical decomposition were 50, 46, and 4%, respectively. The presence of fowl cholera appeared to increase plasma levels by increasing the intestinal permeability and lowering the hepatic and/or renal clearance.     

白芍总甙对T淋巴细胞亚群的作用

本文主要用体外诱导不同T调节细胞的实验模型和单克隆抗体检测技术,分析白芍总甙(TGP)的双向免疫调节作用与T调节细胞的关系、TGP(0。40mg·L~(-1))可促进体外刀豆素A时间依赖性地诱生L_3T_4~+(T_(?)/i)细胞和Lvt—2~+(Ts/c)细胞.并分别拮抗环孢霉素A抑制Th细胞诱生和左旋咪唑抑制Ts细胞诱生的作用,提示TGP促进不同T淋巴细胞亚群诱生有明显的机能依赖性特征。实验还提示,TGP对小鼠脾淋巴细胞ConA增殖反应和体外抗体诱生呈现浓度依赖性双向作用.可能与其浓度依赖性改变L_3T_(?)~+/Lyt—2~+细胞比值有关。低浓度TGP促进ConA增殖反应和T细胞诱生可能是经激活巨噬细胞而实现的。     

Enzymological characterization of FII(a), a fibrinolytic enzyme from Agkistrodon acutus venom

AIM: To study the enzymological characterization of a fibrinolytic enzyme (FII(a)) from Agkistrodon acutus venom. METHODS: The fibrinogenolytic effect and the influences of several protease inhibitors, chelating agents, and metal ions on fibrinogenolytic activity were visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The metal content of FII(a) was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. RESULTS: After incubation with FII(a) (0.25 g/L), Aalpha-, Bbeta- and gamma-chains of fibrinogen disappeared within 5 min, 30 min, and 8 h , respectively. The molecular weights of major degradation products were 45,000 and 41,000, which were different from those bands produced by plasmin. The fibrinogenolytic activity of FIIa was strongly inhibited by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethyleneglycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), dithiothreitol and cysteine, but not by phenylmethyl-sulfonyl fluoride and soybean trypsin inhibitor. Zinc (3171+/-25 mg/kg), potassium (489+/-17 mg/kg) and calcium (319+/-13 mg/kg) were found in FIIa. Zn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ could recover the fibrinogenolytic activity of FIIa, which was inhibited by EDTA. Only Ca2+ could recover the fibrinogenolytic activity inhibited by EGTA. CONCLUSION: FIIa can degrade the Aalpha-, Bbeta- and gamma-chains of fibrinogen. FII(a) is a metalloproteinase, and Zn2+, Ca2+, and disulfide bonds are necessary for its fibrinogenolytic activity.