地甘口服液对肿瘤患者辐射损伤血液和免疫功能的影响

地甘口服涟能促进辐射损伤小鼠造血干细胞CFU、CFUGM集落的形成．改善骨髓造血功能，提高自由基的清除能力，修复受损细胞。外周血象及细胞微核率的变化是辐射损伤评价的常用指标。为此，我们观察了40例进行故疗的肿瘤患者，服用地甘口服液后外周血象、淋巴细胞微核率及体液免疫指标等的变化，进一步了解该药在临床上的作用。     

骨髓型急性放射病犬的损伤程度与外周白细胞的关系

在骨髓型急性放射病范围内,造血损伤与整体辐射损伤间有密切关系。人们常以造血损伤的程度作为辐射损伤程度的重要判断指征。本文对急性放射病犬外周白细胞数与辐射损伤程度间的关系作一大致定量的分析。材料和方法资料取自本研究组及有关研究组的实验结果。动物均为本院外购的北京及东北地区     

照射骨髓基质细胞对辐射损伤小鼠造血重建的影响

采用辐照方法将骨髓基质细胞(BMSC)预先强化,再经体外培养、富集后与骨髓细胞(BMC)一起经尾静脉输注给全身致死剂量照射的小鼠。采用股骨BMC计数,CFU-GM和CFU-S测定及股骨切片组织学观察等方法研究了这种细胞对辐射损伤小鼠造血重建的影响。结果表明输入的BMSC对辐射损伤小鼠造血重建具有促进作用。进一步研究表明,这种细胞对辐射损伤小鼠造血重建的促进作用不是由于其中含有造血干细胞(HSC)所致,而是通过其经血循环迁徒至造血组织后对同时输入BMC中的HSC增殖和向粒系分化发挥支持和刺激作用来实现的。     

急性辐射损伤的细胞因子联合治疗研究进展

细胞因子对急性辐射损伤的治疗作用日益受到重视,尤其是造血生长因子抗辐射作用的研究取得了长足进展。但随着照射剂量的增加,造血干,祖细胞大量死亡及皮肤和胃肠道等非造血系统损伤加重,单一的细胞因子难以逆转严重损伤,因此细胞因子的联合应用成为必然。当前,细胞因子联合治疗急性辐射损伤的研究主要集中于造血生长因子及抗凋亡细胞因子联合应用效果的评价,结果提示,照射后早期细胞因子联合应用是事故性辐射损伤的有效治疗措施。     

X线照射后骨髓基质的恢复

放射疗法损伤造血基质,使照射野的造血受抑制。有些研究者认为,基质细胞不参与辐射损伤的修复。为了测定基质对辐射的敏感性和该部位造血的恢复,作者以X线全身照射小鼠1000拉德以下,或用≥1000拉德X线进行局部照射(一侧后肢)。以照后l小时至1个月的有核红细胞计数和体外骨髓     

γ射线全身照射后小鼠骨髓造血细胞IL-3基因表达的原位PCR检测及其意义

目的 探讨内源性IL-3基因表达在骨髓辐射损伤后修复中的作用。方法 5.5Gy<⁶⁰Coγ射线全身照射78只LACA小鼠, 于照射后4周内分批活杀, 将骨髓进行HE染色, 并进行内源性IL-3基因表达的免疫组化、原位杂交和原位反转录PCR检测。结果 照射后4周内小鼠骨髓出现明显损伤及损伤后重建现象。免疫组化观察IL-3于修复期造血细胞浆内明显增多, 尤以照后21天其量达高峰, 而原位杂交则显示其mRNA于照射后10～21天为弱阳性, 尤以照射后15天明显。原位反转录PCR显示IL-3mRNA于修复期造血细胞浆内明显增多, 尤以照射后10～15天为甚。结论 原位反转录PCR能客观反映IL-3基因表达在骨髓辐射损伤后的变化规律, 且内源性IL-3基因表达在骨髓辐射损伤后造血功能重建中可能起明显促进作用。     

中药首乌复方抗辐射的实验研究

造血机能障碍是辐射损伤的主要表现之一,中医理论认为这与血瘀、血虚、气虚有关［１］。本研究应用活血养血、壮阳益气的首乌、黄芪等十余味天然中药组成复方,于照射前给药,观察其抗辐射作用。一、材料和方法１实验动物：昆明种小鼠（河北省实验动物中心提供）和纯系...     

DNA聚合酶β对DNA损伤的修复作用及其生物学进展

ＤＮＡ聚合酶β是由单条肽链组成的小分子蛋白，它的主要功能与ＤＮＡ损伤修复有关。本文就该酶的结构与催化反应、对ＤＮＡ辐射损伤的修复作用、生物学功能、基因结构以及调控成分等作较详细的介绍。     

急性辐射损伤生物救治的策略与思考

急性辐射损伤(ARI)是与核科技在国民经济各个领域的广泛应用分不开的,尤其在辐射事故和肿瘤的放射治疗中表现得尤为突出.长期以来,普遍认为急性辐射造成的损伤主要在于机体骨髓造血系统,并提出了"狠抓早期、主攻造血、兼顾极期"的方针,这对放射病的实验研究和临床治疗起到了积极的指导作用.     

急性辐射损伤生物救治的策略与思考

急性辐射损伤(ARI)是与核科技在国民经济各个领域的广泛应用分不开的,尤其在辐射事故和肿瘤的放射治疗中表现得尤为突出.长期以来,普遍认为急性辐射造成的损伤主要在于机体骨髓造血系统,并提出了"狠抓早期、主攻造血、兼顾极期"的方针,这对放射病的实验研究和临床治疗起到了积极的指导作用.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.