双瓣式发音钮全喉切除术后发音重建

为解决无喉者发音问题，从１９９３年３月～１９９６年１１月，利用自行研制的双瓣式喉发音钮及安装器为全喉切除术后患者应用９７例，其中男８４例，女１３例，年龄３５岁～７８岁。全喉切除术后Ⅰ期安装２０例，Ⅱ期安装７７例，效果满意，患者均能清晰说话，语言流利，地方语言特色明显。部分患者能唱歌，随访观察：在发音钮有效使用时间（１～２年）内，配戴满２年者６８例，发音有效率１００％，误咽率为零。该发音钮具有安装、更换方便，使用时间长，术后不用鼻饲等优点，为无喉者发音提供了又一有效途径。     

鸭嘴型硅胶发音管全喉切除术后发音重建

１９８６～１９９３年采用食管镜下气管食管间造瘘植入鸭嘴型硅胶发音管的方法为全喉切除术后患者行发音重建４３例，其中二期完成４０例，一期完成３例。１９８６～１９８９年间１２例中７例（５８．３％）获得满意声音。１９９０年以后对部分患者行环咽肌切断术、环状软骨切除术，并以食管吹气发音试验进行术前训练，完成３１例（其中３例全喉切除术同期完成发音重建），２９例（９３．３％）获满意声音。未见严重并发症。     

鸭嘴型硅胶发音管全喉切除术后发音重建

１９８６－１９９３年采用食管镜下气管食管间造瘘植入鸭嘴型硅胶发音管的方法为全喉切除术后患者行发音重建４３例，其中二期完成４０例，一期完成３例。１９８６－１９８９年间１２例中７例（５８．３％）获得获得满意声音。１９９０年以后对部分患者行环咽肌切断术、环状软骨切除术，并以食管吹气发音试验进行术前训练，完成３１例（其中３例全喉切除术同期完成发音重建），２９例（９３．３％）获满音声音。未见严重并发症。     

咽气管发音管在全喉切除术后发音功能重建的应用

报告对７例喉癌患者在行全喉切除术后应用咽气管发音管重建发音功能。经１年～４年的随访，均获得满意的发音效果，并减少了误咽。提示，咽气管发音管在全喉节除术后发音功能重建中有较好应用价值。     

咽食管括约肌切开术在喉全切除术后发音重建中的作用

目的：探讨咽食管括约肌切开术对减少咽食管括约肌失弛缓对喉全切除术后安装Blom-Singer发音管发音重建的影响。方法：喉全切除术后，咽食管括约肌收缩或是痉挛都会不同程度地影响食管的气流并阻碍发音。咽食管括约肌的解剖位置是环咽肌以及其上的下咽缩肌的一部分和颈段食管上段的一部分。手术操作是在喉全切除术中、术后于气管造瘘口外上方切除长5cm，宽1cm的咽食管括约肌。结果：33例喉全切除术的患者进行咽食管括约肌切开术后有32例发音成功，发音重建的成功率是97％。其中包括12例喉全切除术中I期进行环咽肌切开术，21例是Ⅱ期进行咽食管括约肌切开术的，后者又有9例是安装Blom-Singer发音管后发音不能再行咽食管括约肌切开术的。患者3年存活25例，5年存活18例。同期行喉全切除术和咽食管括约肌切开术的12例患者，Kaplan-Meier法统计3年生存率81．82％，5年生存率42．86％。结论：咽食管括约肌切开术能提高Blom-Singer发音管发音重建的成功率。     

咽食管括约肌切开术在喉全切除术后发音重建中的作用

目的　探讨咽食管括约肌切开术对减少咽食管括约肌失弛缓对喉全切除术后安装Blom Singer发音管发音重建的影响。方法　喉全切除术后 ,咽食管括约肌收缩或是痉挛都会不同程度地影响食管的气流并阻碍发音。咽食管括约肌的解剖位置是环咽肌以及其上的下咽缩肌的一部分和颈段食管上段的一部分。手术操作是在喉全切除术中、术后于气管造瘘口外上方切除长 5cm ,宽 1cm的咽食管括约肌。结果　 3 3例喉全切除术的患者进行咽食管括约肌切开术后有 3 2例发音成功 ,发音重建的成功率是 97%。其中包括 12例喉全切除术中I期进行环咽肌切开术 ,2 1例是Ⅱ期进行咽食管括约肌切开术的 ,后者又有 9例是安装Blom Singer发音管后发音不能再行咽食管括约肌切开术的。患者 3年存活 2 5例 ,5年存活 18例。同期行喉全切除术和咽食管括约肌切开术的 12例患者 ,Kaplan Meier法统计 3年生存率 81 82 % ,5年生存率 42 86%。结论　咽食管括约肌切开术能提高Blom Singer发音管发音重建的成功率。     

全喉切除术后改良一期发音钮重建发音术的临床研究

目的 探讨全喉切除术后不预置扩张管,一期置入发音钮的技术。方法 回顾我院1999年1月-2002年5月行全喉切除术病人158例,其中71例(A组)采用先放置气管-食管扩张管,形成气管-食管瘘后再安置发音钮的方法;87例(B组)采用直接置入发音钮的发音重建的方法。结果A、B两组的发音成功率分别为95.8%和97.7%,两组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论本术式只需一次手术即可全部完成,减少了对病人的侵入性损伤,同时简便、易行、节约费用,更易被病人接受。     

低阻力型Groningen硅胶发音钮喉全切除术后发声重建

目的评价低阻力型Groningen硅胶发音钮喉全切除术后发音效果及使用寿命.方法随机选择7例喉癌行喉全切除术的患者,术中一期安装发音钮;3例喉全切除后未做任何发声重建术的无喉患者,行二期安装发音钮.术后按照Parker制订的方案进行发音效果评估,并随访其使用情况.结果 10例患者术后均能较好的讲话,平均综合得分4.6分（3.3～6.9分）,高于安装其他类型发音钮患者的得分,有效使用期均超过6个月.结论低阻力型Groningen硅胶发音钮具有配套的安装和更换器械,手术简单,术后发音效果好,使用寿命长,适合在我国推广使用.     

喉大部切除术后喉功能重建

为23例喉癌患者行喉大部分切除术,采用下列方法重建喉功能,(1)重建声门关闭功能;(2)重建会厌覆盖功能;(3)保留或重建梨状窝;(4)保护喉上神经和喉返神经;(5)保持宽大的下咽部;(6)切断环咽肌.23例中21例获得随访,术后均能发音,术后2～4周拔除鼻饲管,无误吸及呛咳.5年生存11例,生存率47.8%.     

Voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy using the Provox voice prosthesis

Esophageal speech is the first choice for vocal rehabilitation in laryngectomized patients. However, shunt speech is a needed alternative for patients who cannot succeed at esophageal speech. Many kinds of voice prostheses, with good results, have been reported. Provox was selected for 15 laryngectomized patients who were treated in our department. Voice rehabilitation was successful in 13 patients. However, removal of the prosthesis was required in one patient because of stomal stenosis. Voice rehabilitation was not successful in one patient who exhibited esophageal stenosis. The rate of voice rehabilitation was not influenced by the extent of surgery, the dose of radiation, etc.. The maximum phonation time was more than 10 minutes in the 13 patients who succeeded at shunt speech. Prosthetic rehabilitation was requested by two patients who had been successful at esophageal speech. These results suggest that prosthetic voice rehabilitation may be indicated for a wide range of conditions.     

Voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy using the Newvox voice prosthesis

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the anatomy, as well as the probability of restoring voice (study of the methods of vocal recovery) with the Newvox voice prosthesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study relates to 225 patients having undergone a total laryngectomy and a Newvox voice prosthesis (one or more prosthesis) between April 1979 and November 2003. All the cases were followed up for 2 years. During evolution the complications were noted. All the valves removed were sent for microbiological analysis, including culture. The Statistical Analysis were carried out on the cohort of patients defined as having benefited from one or more voice prostheses after undergoing total laryngectomy. The lifespan of the implants has been described by the median duration (corresponding to the duration above which 50% of the implants lasted) the first quartile (corresponding to the duration above which 75% of the implants lasted) and the third quartile (corresponding to the duration above which 25% of the implants lasted). RESULTS: No infection by candida albicans was found. Complete removal of the Newvox voice prosthesis for local problems was necessary only in 20 cases (8.9% of the cases). The general lifespan (on 225 patients) of the 1st implant corresponded to a median of 252 days (8.4 months) with a first quartile of 452 days (1.2 year). The statistical analysis of the lifespan of the Newvox voice prosthesis made it possible to study the impact of radiotherapy on the quality of the results. The time to onset of satisfactory phonation was studied: The general median (time above which includes 50% of the patients) was three weeks. After two weeks, 25% of the patients obtain a satisfactory voice. CONCLUSION: On the whole, out of 185 documented cases, a satisfactory voice was obtained in 84% of patients, either by the voice prosthesis or by oesophageal voice. The absence of infection by candida albicans of the Newvox voice prosthesis is one of the factors which probably account for it being so well tolerated and having a significantly longer lifespan compared with other prostheses.     

Voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy with the Provox voice prosthesis in South Africa

A study was undertaken to determine whether the Provox voice prosthesis provides good voice rehabilitation following a total laryngectomy in the urban, suburban and rural populations served by a tertiary referral hospital in South Africa. Between 1995 and 1999, a cohort of 128 patients at Tygerberg Hospital was rehabilitated with the Provox voice prosthesis after laryngectomy. In 104 patients primary placement of the prosthesis was done at the time of the laryngectomy. Mean device life and adverse events were determined. Voice quality was assessed subjectively in 104 patients and objectively in 26 patients. The mean device life was 303 days and adverse events occurred in 16 patients. Subjectively, 77 of 104 patients had a good voice, and objectively 22 of 26 patients had good voice intelligibility. The Provox voice prosthesis provides good voice rehabilitation following total laryngectomy, with minimal complications, in the population served by Tygerberg Hospital.     

Groningen prosthesis for voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy

Singer and Blom's endoscopic technique, using a single valved silicone prosthesis, constituted a dramatic advance in speech rehabilitation following total laryngectomy. Since 1980, we have developed a silicone biflanged prosthesis that overcomes some of the inconveniences of previous prostheses. Insertion via the mouth and the oesophagus, or as a primary procedure during total laryngectomy is easily done with the use of specially developed instruments. The success rate in 36 patients in which the voice button was inserted at the time of total laryngectomy was 86.2%.     

A new prosthesis for voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy

Summary Since the first laryngectomy, several surgical and prosthetic techniques have been developed in order to restore voice. Problems encountered with these techniques include: Leakage through the tracheoesophageal fistula, spontaneous closure of the fistula, dislodgement of the prosthesis, and the use of adhesives for fixation. We now introduce a new silicone voice prosthesis that overcomes these problems. The prosthesis is easily inserted as a one-stage procedure during total laryngectomy. Successful acquisition of voice was achieved in 30 of 33 patients, irrespective of preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy. Average device life proved to be approximately 100 days. The high rate of success with minimal morbidity merits further investigation of this one-stage voice rehabilitation technique.     

Voice restoration and long-term progress in voice rehabilitation using the Provox2 voice prosthesis after total laryngectomy

From January 2000 to December 2008, we conducted voice rehabilitation using the Provox2 voice prosthesis total-laryngectomy subjects. Of these, 36 attained restoration of 90.0%. Mean maximum phonation time (MPT) was 14.5s, ranging from MPT was not influenced by age, radiotherapy use, primary tumor site, or reconstructive surgery use. Voice prosthesis replacement averaged 25 weeks (5.8 months), ranging from 9 to 74 weeks. Complications occurred in 16 caces (40.0%), mainly granulation tissue formation and prosthesis-site infection, also aspiration pneumonia, prosthesis-site salivary leakage, inability to replace the prosthesis, tracheomalacia, bodies in the trachea. Management rather than medical problems included cost, frequent hospital visits, and lack of motivation to use a prosthesis. The Provox2 voice prosthesis speech provides a higher rate of speech restoration, longer phonatory better intelligibility. Management problems, however, require that we work to understand subjects' living environments and family situations better for evaluating Provox2 voice prosthesis indication more effectively.     

Voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy with voice prostheses. Results of a prospective follow-up study]

Although the results of surgical rehabilitation by means of voice prostheses are on the average better than rehabilitation via oesophageal speech, the tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP)-technique has so far not been widely used in Germany. The majority of hospitals still prefer the "traditional" method of voice rehabilitation using oesophageal speech. The present prospective study was undertaken to compare the results of postlaryngectomy vocal rehabilitation, if patients were offered the surgical voice rehabilitation via voice prosthesis as an alternative to oesophageal speech. Taking into account all the patients who underwent laryngectomy from 1989 until 1990 in Tübingen, primary surgical voice rehabilitation was performed in 44 out of 54 patients (81.5%). Interestingly enough, 34 patients who underwent laryngectomy were able to perform communication via the telephone on the day of their discharge. Moreover, one-third of the laryngectomised patients showed a significant increase in speech intelligibility within the first six months after laryngectomy. 36 patients with laryngectomy were able to attain proficiency 6 months after surgery. In 12 patients the prosthesis had to be removed, since either phonation was impossible or patients successfully learned and preferred oesophageal speech. In conclusion, independent of the method of voice rehabilitation (prosthesis, electrolarynx, oesophageal speech), our results support the hypothesis that a voice rehabilitation regimen will yield a higher rehabilitation rate of patients if rehabilitation via surgical voice is offered as an alternative to learning the oesophageal voice. Therefore, it seems to be advisable that patients are allowed to have the choice between surgical rehabilitation and oesophageal speech restoration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)