风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动球囊二尖瓣成形术后复…

报道９０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动（简称二狭房颤）患者球囊二尖瓣成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）和得律治疗的结果，并与同期行ＰＢＭＶ的１６０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄无房颤（窦性民主律，简称二狭窦律）患者进行比较。结果表明临床上无血管栓塞并发症且经超声心动图检查无心房血栓的二狭房颤患者接受ＰＢＭＶ治疗与二狭窦律者一样具有良好的安全性和档效果。８９例二狭房颤患者ＰＢＭＶ后经复律治疗转为这生心律（其中１５例仅服用奎尼丁即     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄合并心房颤动的一站式介入治疗

目的：初步探讨经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术(percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty,PBMV)联合导管射频消融(radiofrequency catheter ablation,RFCA)治疗风湿性二尖瓣狭窄(mitral stenosis,MS)合并心房颤动的有效性和安全性。方法：2018年1月至2022年9月,接受PBMV联合RFCA一站式治疗的风湿性MS合并抗心律失常药物抵抗的心房颤动患者8例,回顾性分析其临床资料,观察围术期及随访期内疗效及不良事件。结果：持续性心房颤动6例,阵发性心房颤动2例。平均年龄为(59.1±11.2)岁。术后,平均左心房压(left atrial pressure,LAP)从(16.1±3.6)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)下降至(7.9±4.1)mmHg,二尖瓣口面积(mitral valve area,MVA)从(1.2±0.4)cm²增加到(1.8±0.4)cm² (压差降半时间,pressure half time,PHT法)(P<0.05)。平均随...     

非瓣膜性心房颤动患者并发脑卒中危险因素分析

目的探讨非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)患者缺血性脑卒中的发生率及其危险因素。方法连续收集2013年1月至2014年12月在浙江普陀医院住院的非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)患者共426例。回顾NVAF患者脑卒中发生情况及临床资料(一般资料、心房颤动类型、基础疾病、辅助检查以及抗凝抗栓用药情况),比较NVAF并发脑卒中患者和NVAF无脑卒中患者的临床特点,筛选NVAF患者发生缺血性脑卒中的有关危险因素。结果 1NVAF患者缺血性脑卒中的发生率为16.43%(70/426),脑卒中发生率随年龄增加而上升;2单因素分析显示:NVAF患者缺血性脑卒中的危险因素为年龄≥75岁、持续性/永久性心房颤动、高血压、冠心病、CHADS2评分≥4分、左房直径≥40mm和未行华法林抗凝治疗;多因素Logistic回归分析显示NVAF患者发生脑卒中的独立危险因素是年龄≥75岁(OR=2.68,95%CI 1.22~4.37)、高血压(OR=1.77,95%CI 1.43~1.88)及持续性/永久性心房颤动(OR=2.16,95%CI 1.82~2.48)。结论年龄≥75岁、高血压及持续性/永久性心房颤动是NVAF患者发生脑脑卒中的高危因素。     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣狭窄合并房颤的近期与远期疗效

目的　探讨经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术 (PBMV)在二尖瓣狭窄 (MS)合并心房颤动 (Af)患者中的疗效与安全性。方法　观察 12 5例MS合并Af患者 (Ⅰ组 )与 2 2 5例MS伴窦性心律患者 (Ⅱ组 )的PBMV成功率、PBMV后血流动力学与超声心动图指标改变、远期随访结果及并发症情况。结果　(1)两组成功率分别为 96 %(12 0 12 5 )和 99 6 %(2 2 4 2 2 5 ) (P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )PBMV后即刻两组左心房压力与肺动脉压力均明显下降 (P均 <0 0 0 1) ,Ⅰ组前者降值 <Ⅱ组 (P <0 0 5 )。 (3)PBMV后近期两组二尖瓣口面积 (MVA)明显增大 (P均 <0 0 0 1) ,组间无差异 ;两组左心房内径 (LAD)明显下降 (P均 <0 0 0 1) ,Ⅰ组下降值 <Ⅱ组。 (4)远期随访两组再狭窄率分别为 17 0 %(8 4 7)和 6 9%(4 5 8) (P <0 0 5 ) ;两组死亡率分别为 4 1%(2 4 9)和 1 7%(1 5 9) (P <0 0 5 ) ;两组MVA与LAD均仍较术前明显改善 ,但Ⅰ组较Ⅱ组差 ,且Ⅰ组MVA较术后近期结果缩小 (P <0 0 5 )。 (5 )两组并发症发生率分别为16 8%及 10 7%,组间差异无显著性 ,但 5例体循环栓塞者均发生于Ⅰ组。结论　PBMV在MS合并Af者中成功率高 ,再狭窄率低 ,疗效确切 ,但较窦性心律组差 ,需注意防止体循环栓塞 ,故对合并Af者更应严格病例选     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术治疗重症二尖瓣狭窄 (附19例报告)

本文总结1991年以来采用PBMV治疗重症二尖瓣狭窄19例,全组心功能改善Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级11例;舒张期杂音减轻到1°/6°15例,2°/6°4例;左房平均压降至2.17±0.26kPa.认为:只要重视每个环节的处理,该项技术治疗重症二尖瓣狭窄仍不失为一种安全有效的好方法.     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动二尖瓣球囊成形术后电复律疗效的观察

风湿性心脏病 (简称风心 )、二尖瓣狭窄 (简称二狭 )伴心房颤动 (AF)的患者 ,接受二尖瓣成形术可改善心功能明显 ,降低血栓形成。但是术后心房颤动的存在对血流动力学必将产生影响 ,为此我们观察了二尖瓣球囊成形 (PBMV)术后电复律的成功率及其对心脏的影响。资料与方法　　 2 9例患者其中男性 1 6例 ,女性 1 3例 ,平均年龄 43.4± 8.2岁 (36- 62岁 ) ,病程 2 - 2 0年 ,AF时间大于 1年或不详 ,心功能 - 级 ,术后再狭窄四例。电复律前经食管彩色多普超声心动图检查未发现左心房血栓 (仅一例术前超声提示左房血栓 ,服用华法今 2周后 ,左…     

二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动球囊二尖瓣成形术前抗凝及术后复律的临床探讨

对26例二尖瓣狭窄（MS）合并心房颤动（Af）的患者在行经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术（PBMV）前给大剂量肝素短程抗凝，并对其中19例在术后即给予同步直流电复律，探讨短程抗凝后PBMV的可能性及PBMV术后即刻电复律的影响因素。其结果表明：本组26例二尖瓣口面积（MVA）由0．92±0．2cm2扩大至1．95±0．37cm2，左房平均压（LAP）由3．12±1．27kPa降至1．42±0．85kPa，而左房内径（LAD）由52．7±8．1mm缩至42．5±5．9mm，26例均无血栓栓塞并发症及出血并发症；其中19例术后即刻行同步电复律者15例复律成功，成功率为78．9％。认为：MS合并Af患者PBMV术前大剂量肝素短程抗凝可缩短术前准备时间并达到预防血栓栓塞之目的，同时在Af病程较短、无巨大左房、球囊充盈程度良好、LAP下降显著、较好地控制心室率等因素基础上，可在PBMV术后即刻给予同步直流电复律。     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动球囊二尖瓣成形术后复律治疗的临床评价

报道９０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动（简称二狭房颤）患者球囊二尖瓣成形术（ＰＢＭＶ）和复律治疗的结果，并与同期行ＰＢＭＶ的１６０例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄无房颤（窦性心律，简称二狭窦律）患者进行比较。结果表明临床上无血管栓塞并发症且经超声心动图检查无心房血栓的二狭房颤患者接受ＰＢＭＶ治疗与二狭窦律者一样具有良好的安全性和临床效果。８９例二狭房颤患者ＰＢＭＶ后经复律治疗转为窦性心律（其中１５例仅服用奎尼丁即可复律）。随访２３．５±１１．７月，２４例（２７％）复发。认为房颤持续时间长和左房明显扩大可能是房颤复发的影响因素；ＰＢ－ＭＶ的效果可能是房颤复律后远期疗效的影响因素     

伴巨大左心房的二尖瓣狭窄经皮球囊成形术的疗效评价

目的评价伴巨大左房的二尖瓣狭窄患者行经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术(PBMV)的疗效.方法对36例患者按改良的Inoue方法行PBMV,观察手术操作成功率,术前后左房平均压(LAP),二尖瓣跨瓣压差(MVG),肺动脉收缩压(SPAP),二尖瓣口面积(MVA)和临床NYHA心功能变化.结果手术操作成功率达94%.术后LAP、MVG及SPAP均明显下降(12.2±4.4 vs 27.6±10.3;5.2±2.3 vs 20.7±5.5;41.1±15.4 vs 76.8±19.3;P均<0.01),MVA明显增加(1.88±0.31 vs 0.65±0.12,P<0.01),NYHA心功能明显改善.结论伴巨大左心房的二尖瓣狭窄患者行PBMV的成功率仍很高,临床疗效满意.     

风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动左心房凝血功能异常的研究

目的 研究风湿性心脏病（风心病）伴心房颤动（房颤）患者左心房局部凝血活性的改变，探讨风心病患者左心房血栓形成的机制。方法 测定２２例风心病伴房颤患者，１５例风心病窦性心律患者，以及１２例同穿空间隔行射频消融的无明显心脏结构和功能异常患者的左心房、右心房、股静脉和股动脉的血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ（ＡＴⅢ）含量和血粘度，进行不同部位的自身对比和同一部位的组间比较，并将风心病患者左心房ＡＴⅢ含量和左心房云雾影（Ｌ     

经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣狭窄合并房颤的疗效

目的　对二尖瓣狭窄 (MS)合并房颤 (Af)患者经皮球囊二尖瓣成形成术 (PBMV)后 3～ 11年的随防资料作回顾性分析 ,以探讨该方法在MS合并房颤 (Af)患者中的中远期疗效及其影响因素。方法　对 1992年 10月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月在我院行PBMV治疗的 60 0例MS患者的资料作回顾性研究 ,合并Af者 2 75例 (Ⅰ组 ) ,其余 3 2 5例为窦性心律者 (Ⅱ组 ) ,随防时间 3年～ 11年 ,平均 ( 5 .3± 3 .9)年。结果　Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较 ,中远期再狭窄率分别为 3 2 .3 %和 10 % ,需要药物治疗的心功能不全分别为 2 7%和 3 .6% ,死亡率分别为 1.8%和 0 .9% ,改行开胸换瓣或再次PBMV分别为 8.8%和 1.3 5 % ,脑栓塞分别为 2 .6%和 0 .45 %。结论　PBMV对MS合并Af患者的治疗中远期疗较窦性心律者差 ;总的并发症不高 ,疗效较好 ,预防并发症的发生及取得远期良好疗效的关键是病例选择     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动患者血栓前状态的研究

目的 :观察风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动 (房颤 )的血栓前状态。方法 :使用酶联免疫法和凝固法测量 2 4例风湿性心脏病 (风心病 )伴窦性心律患者 (窦律组 )、2 5例风心病伴房颤患者 (房颤组 )和 2 0例对照者 (对照组 )的外周血浆因子Ⅷ相关抗原 (VWFAg)、血小板α颗粒膜蛋白 14 0 (GMP 14 0 )、D 二聚体 (D dimer)和纤维蛋白原 (Fg)的水平变化 ,进行统计学分析。 结果 :与对照组比 ,窦律组血浆VWFAg、D dimer和Fg水平均显著升高(P <0 .0 5 ) ,而血浆GMP 14 0水平无显著性改变 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;房颤组血浆GMP 14 0、D dimer和Fg水平也明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。房颤组与窦律组相比血浆GMP 14 0、VWFAg、D dimer水平更高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而Fg水平在二者之间无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴房颤患者外周血存在血栓前状态。     

分级次二尖瓣球囊扩张术治疗重度二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动的临床研究

为评价分级扩张法行经皮穿刺二尖球囊扩张术（PBMV）的临床疗效。采用分级次扩张法对52例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄（MS）患者进行,分重度MS伴心房颤动（AF）组和中，重度MS无AF组。根据身高2确定首次扩张直径，每次递量0.5-1mm，直至疗效满意。术前，术后进行二维超声和多普勒，血流动力学检查。结果显示，52例PBMV均获成功，术后血流动力学明显改善，心功能明显提高，无重要并发症发生，两组间比较无明显差异。提示分级次扩张法可有效预防二尖瓣反流，低心排，急性左心衰，栓塞等并发症，并获得良好效果，尤其对重度MS伴AE者，不失为一种理想的治疗方法。     

Impaired fibrinolytic capacity in rheumatic mitral stenosis with or without atrial fibrillation and nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation

Chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) has often been associated with systemic embolization, and patients with mitral stenosis (MS) have the highest thromboembolic risk. Increased risk of thromboembolism could be in part due to impaired fibrinolytic function. Global fibrinolytic capacity (GFC) is an innovative technique for evaluating the entire fibrinolytic system.The aim of our study was to evaluate fibrinolytic activity in patients with rheumatic and nonrheumatic chronic AE To investigate fibrinolytic activity, we assessed GFC in peripheral blood samples of 32 patients with nonrheumatic AF (14 women; mean age, 56 +/- 1 years), 30 patients with rheumatic MS and AF (23 women; mean age, 35 +/- 9 years), and 32 patients with rheumatic MS and sinus rhythm (24 women; mean age, 36 +/- 8 years). The control group comprised 30 healthy adult subjects in normal sinus rhythm. Patients with chronic AF (rheumatic and nonrheumatic) had lower GFC than did the controls (P = .0001). The rheumatic AF group also showed decreased levels of GFC compared with the nonrheumatic AF group, with the rheumatic MS and sinus rhythm group, and with controls (P = .03, P = .02, P = .0001, respectively). GFC was lower in patients with rheumatic MS and sinus rhythm than in controls (P = .003). Although there were correlations between GFC and mitral valve area, transmitral mean gradient, left atrial diameter, and mitral calcification in patients with rheumatic MS, multivariate analysis showed only transmitral gradient as an independent factor affecting GFC. Patients with AF have decreased GFC, a finding that suggests the presence of a hypofibrinolytic state. Fibrinolytic dysfunction was more pronounced in rheumatic MS patients with AF than in those with nonrheumatic AF. Moreover, patients with rheumatic MS and sinus rhythm had decreased global fibrinolytic activity. Hypofibrinolysis documented by decreased GFC can be one of the important causes of increased risk of embolism in patients with AF and rheumatic MS.     

二尖瓣狭窄伴房颤球囊扩张术术前抗凝及术后复律探讨

对 2 6例二尖瓣狭窄 (MS)合并心房颤动 (Af)患者 ,在行经皮球囊二尖瓣扩张术 (PBMV)前给大剂量肝素短程抗凝 ,并对其中 1 9例在术后即给予同步直流电复律。结果　二尖瓣口面积 (MVA)由 0 92± 0 2cm2 扩大至 1 95± 0 3 7cm2 ,左房平均压 (LAP)由 3 1 2± 1 2 7kPa降至 1 4 2± 0 85kPa,而左房内径 (LAD)由 52 7± 8 1mm缩小至 4 2 5± 5 9mm。 2 6例均无血栓栓塞并发症及出血并发症 ;1 9例术后即刻行同步电复律者 1 5例 ( 78 9% )复律成功。     

风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房颤动二尖瓣球囊扩张术疗效评价

对26例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄伴心房纤额（房颤二狭）与同期31例风湿性二尖瓣狭窄无房颤（窦律二狭）患者PBMV术后及随访结果进行比较，结果显示：虽然房颤二狭具有血栓发生率高、左房前后径大、瓣膜超声评分高等特殊性，但只要术前抗凝准备充分，操作仔细，房颤二狭接受PBMV治疗与窦律二狭一样具有良好的安全性和临床效果。     

A randomized placebo-controlled trial with amiodarone for persistent atrial fibrillation in rheumatic mitral stenosis after successful balloon mitral valvuloplasty

ObjectiveAtrial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). This study was conducted to determine the maintenance of sinus rhythm with amiodarone therapy following DC cardioversion (DCCV), early after successful balloon mitral valvuloplasty (BMV).MethodsPatients were randomized to amiodarone group and placebo group and their baseline characteristics were recorded. DCCV was done 48 h after BMV. After cardioversion, oral amiodarone was started initially 200 mg three times a day for 2 weeks, then 200 mg twice daily for two weeks followed by 200 mg once daily for 12 months. Patients in placebo group received DCCV alone without preloading amiodarone. After DCCV, they were given placebo for 12 months.ResultsThe 3 months follow-up period was completed by 77 patients (95%). Of them, 31 (77.5%) patients in amiodarone group and 14 (34.1%) in placebo group remained in sinus rhythm (SR). The 12 months follow-up period was completed by 73 patients (90.1%). Of them, 22 (55%) patients in amiodarone group and 7 (17.1%) in placebo group remained in SR.ConclusionWe conclude that amiodarone is more effective than placebo in maintenance of SR at the end of 3 months following successful cardioversion and more patients continued to remain in SR even at the end of 12 months without major serious adverse effects.     

Effect of antithrombotic therapy in patients with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation: a sub-analysis of NASPEAF randomized trial.

AIMS: The randomized NASPEAF study included non-valvular with prior embolism and mitral stenosis patients in the same group. This is a sub-study to specially focus on the antithrombotic therapy in mitral stenosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analysed 311 patients with mitral stenosis, compared with 175 non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients with prior embolism, stratified by a history of previous embolism and assigned to anticoagulant therapy [target international normalized ratio (INR) = 2.0-3.0] or combined antiplatelet plus moderate intensity anticoagulant therapy. Median follow-up was 2.9 years. Outcomes were fatal and non-fatal embolism, stroke and myocardial infarction, sudden death, and death from bleeding. Combined therapy in mitral stenosis patients, compared with anticoagulant alone therapy, reduced the risk of vascular events by 58.3%. During equal therapy, the outcome annual rates were essentially the same in non-valvular and valvular patients [hazard ratio 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.37-2.16), P = 0.81]. During anticoagulant alone therapy, the annual event rate in mitral stenosis patients without prior embolism was low (2.5%) and it was very high in patients with prior embolism (6.6%). CONCLUSION: Combined therapy was effective in mitral stenosis patients. Prior embolism patients are not efficiently protected with anticoagulant alone therapy for an INR of 2.0-3.0.