细胞形态学检查对鉴别良恶性胸腹水细胞的探讨

目的探讨胸腹水常规细胞形态学检查对胸腹水细胞良、恶性诊断的价值。方法对301例胸腹水患者进行常规有核细胞计数时见到体积较大细胞的76例胸腹水,离心涂片后,用瑞氏染色进行细胞形态学镜检。结果 76例胸腹水中,53例可检出恶性细胞,后经病理、临床和其他方法证实58例胸腹水为恶性肿瘤性积液,诊断符合率为91%(53/58)。结论胸腹水有核细胞计数中细胞形态学检查十分重要,对良、恶性胸腹水的鉴别诊断有较高的特异性和较好的灵敏度。     

细胞蜡块联合免疫组化在胸腹水诊断中的应用研究

目的 探讨液基细胞学诊断技术与细胞蜡块联合免疫组化诊断技术在临床诊断胸腹水良恶性中的应用价值。方法 选择2020年5月—2022年5月于张家港市第一人民医院就诊的疑似恶性胸腹水患者62例为研究对象,分别进行液基细胞学诊断、细胞蜡块联合免疫组化诊断,将活检病理诊断结果作为金标准,分别记录两种方案对胸腹水良恶性的诊断结果,计算并比较两种诊断方法的灵敏度、特异性与准确率。结果 62例疑似恶性胸腹水患者通过活检病理诊断显示,52例患者诊断为恶性胸腹水,占比83.87%。其中恶性胸水患者43例,疾病诊断包括肺腺癌、乳腺癌、神经内分泌癌、胆管腺癌;恶性腹水患者9例,疾病诊断包括卵巢癌、胃肠道癌转移。细胞蜡块联合免疫组化诊断灵敏度96.15%、准确率93.55%均高于液基细胞学诊断的灵敏度78.85%和准确率74.19%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=24.934、23.838,P<0.05)。结论 细胞蜡块联合免疫组化方式诊断胸腹水良恶性具有较高的灵敏度,可有效提高疾病检出准确率,为进一步制订治疗方案提供支持。     

1例腺癌胸水细胞形态似淋巴瘤细胞

<正>胸腹水细胞形态学检验的工作重点是良、恶性鉴别。在恶性胸腹水中,可见多种类型肿瘤细胞。由于肿瘤细胞异质性和相似性,鉴别困难,尤以小细胞性的恶性肿瘤易误诊。关于小细胞性的恶性胸腹水细胞形态报道较少。现报道1例胸水中查见疑似淋巴瘤细胞的腺癌。1病历资料     

改良组合式胸腹水细胞病理学检查的临床应用

胸腹水可由多种疾病引起,良恶性胸腹水的鉴别诊断是临床长期重视的问题。近年来,良恶性胸腹水的实验室检查取得了重要进展,有细胞形态学检查发展到免疫细胞技术、肿瘤标志物、细胞因子检查等。其中细胞形态学检查作为一种传统的经典方法,因其具有快速、简便、准确、     

吖啶橙染色法检测胸腹水肿瘤细胞

吖啶橙染色法检测胸腹水肿瘤细胞解放军第８１医院检验科（南京２１０００２）江淑芳，鲍烨，宁康胸腹水中细胞学检查对于鉴别良、恶性病源极为重要。肿瘤细胞有形态学改变，且有核酸代谢的改变，已广泛用于临床检验。为了早期发现恶变的细胞，我们采用了吖啶橙染色法检测...     

C反应蛋白定性检测在良恶性胸腹水鉴别诊断中的临床意义

目的:探讨C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)定性检测在良恶性胸腹水鉴别诊断中的临床价值。方法:采用胶乳凝集法定性检测3820例患者胸腹水中的CRP,在反应板孔中先后加入标本及胶乳试剂,充分混匀,2 min后观察结果。如肉眼可见凝集颗粒,则为阳性。结果:672例恶性胸腹水标本中CRP阳性率为6.1%,其中32例淋巴造血系统肿瘤患者的胸腹水中CRP阳性率为75.0%,640例上皮性恶性肿瘤患者胸腹水中CRP阳性率为2.7%;3148例良性胸腹水中CRP阳性率为21.8%。良性胸腹水CRP阳性率显著高于恶性胸腹水,淋巴造血系统肿瘤胸腹水CRP阳性率显著高于上皮性恶性肿瘤胸腹水(P0.01)。结论:CRP定性检测对于鉴别良恶性胸腹水以及鉴别淋巴造血系统肿瘤与上皮性恶性肿瘤胸腹水有一定价值。     

胸腹水脱落细胞碱性磷酸酶染色的临床价值

目的探讨胸腹水脱落细胞碱性磷酸酶染色的临床应用价值。方法对32例恶性与31例非恶性疾病患者的胸腹水脱落细胞进行碱性磷酸酶染色分析。结果32例恶性肿瘤患者胸腹水脱落细胞碱性磷酸酶染色中有14例(占43.8%)同时可见单个散在及成团脱落细胞呈不同程度阳性(2分~4分);而非恶性组中仅2例(占6.5%)偶见单个散在脱落细胞呈阳性,且其阳性强度都很低(均为1分),两组比较差异有极显著性(P<0.001)。结论作胸腹水脱落细胞碱性磷酸酶染色对协助临床鉴别诊断良、恶性疾病具有重要参考价值。     

核仁组成区相关蛋白颗粒研究对恶性胸腹水的诊断价值

目的　探讨恶性胸腹水中核仁组成区相关蛋白（ Ａｇ Ｎ Ｏ Ｒ） 颗粒的诊断价值。方法　应用 Ａｇ Ｎ Ｏ Ｒ 染色技术对１５６ 例患者胸腹水进行了颗粒的计数及形态观察。结果　恶性细胞、反应性间皮细胞及良性细胞三组颗粒均数差异有显著意义（ Ｐ＜ ００１） ;颗粒的分布及形态亦不相同;并在２２ 例患者恶性胸腹水中发现了异型颗粒———字母样结构;其可用度、细胞核内 Ａｇ Ｎ Ｏ Ｒ 计数定量诊断明显高于细胞形态学诊断。结论　 Ａｇ Ｎ Ｏ Ｒ 颗粒研究对胸腹水中良恶性细胞鉴别及动态观察有重要诊断价值。     

胸腹水多参数检测在鉴别良恶性病变中的诊断价值

目的探讨检测CEA、LDH、CHOL、TP对良恶性胸腹水的鉴别诊断价值。方法检测100例患者的胸腹水癌胚抗原（CEA）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、胆固醇（CHOL）、总蛋白（TP）水平,对检测数据进行统计学分析。结果良、恶性组标本的胸腹水LDH、TP比较无显著性差异,而CEA、CHOL比较有显著性差异。胸腹水CEA在鉴别良恶性胸腹水诊断中的敏感性、特异性、准确性均高于THOL。结论检测胸腹水的CEA、THOL有助于良恶性胸腹水的鉴别诊断。     

胸腹水脱落细胞碱性磷酸酶染色的临床价值

目的 探讨胸腹水脱落细胞碱性磷酸酶染色的临床应用价值。方法 对32例恶性与31例非恶性疾病患者的胸腹水脱落细胞进行碱性磷酸酶染色分析。结果 32例恶性肿瘤患者胸腹水脱落细胞碱性磷酸酶染色中有14例（占43．8％）同时可见单个散在及成团脱落细胞呈不同程度阳性（2分～4分）；而非恶性组中仅2例（占6．5％）偶见单个散在脱落细胞呈阳性，且其阳性强度都很低（均为1分），两组比较差异有极显著性（P〈0．001）。结论 作胸腹水脱落细胞碱性磷酸酶染色对协助临床鉴别诊断良、恶性疾病具有重要参考价值。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.