应用Cyclin D1和bcl-2靶标的siRNA慢病毒载体构建和鉴定

背景:近年来,与骨肉瘤耐药相关的基因研究大多局限于单个基因或单个通路.而进行细胞凋亡和细胞周期调控双通道同时阻断有可能逆转药物耐受机制.目的:构建bcl-2和cyclin D1特异性siRNA慢病毒载体,拟将其转入骨肉瘤耐药细胞株,探讨对骨肉瘤耐药性的逆转作用.方法:采用限制性内切酶酶切、T4DNA连接酶连接等方法,将bcl-2和cyclin D1基因分别插入慢病毒载体pSIH1-H1-copGFP shRNA Vector中,构建bcl-2和cyclin D1与pSIH1-H1-copGFP共表达的慢病毒载体(pSIH1-H1-copGFP-bcl-2-siRNA和pSIH1-H1-copGFP-cyclinD1-siRNA).构建成功后的慢病毒质粒系统和pPACK包装质粒共转染293T细胞,过滤,浓缩病毒,利用荧光蛋白作为报告基因,对病毒滴度和感染效率进行检测.结果与结论:4对bcl-2和cyclin D1特异性siRNA与双酶切慢病毒载体pSIH1-H1-copGFP shRNA Vector连接成功.共转染293T细胞包装病毒并浓缩后滴度达1.14×104 jfu/μL,适合感染目的细胞.实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示对bcl-2和cyclinD1基因的干扰效率最高分别达88%和87%.证实将siRNA技术应用于bcl-2和cyclin D1,能够构建出有效的bck2和cyclin D1特异性siRNA慢病毒载体.     

小鼠CDK4基因RNAi慢病毒载体的构建及体外研究

目的:探讨CDK4在神经系统变性疾病中的作用,并构建携带小鼠CDK4-siRNA的慢病毒载体进行体外研究。方法:设计3个CDK4-siRNA序列和1个无关对照序列,化学合成后退火形成双链,克隆到酶切的pSIH1-H1-copGFP siRNA载体。重组质粒经PCR和测序鉴定后,脂质体介导下转染BV-2细胞,Western blot检测CDK4的表达,筛选出干扰效果最佳的pSIH1-siRNA2。将对照序列和pSIH-siRNA2分别与慢病毒包装质粒共转染293T细胞生成病毒,收集病毒上清并浓缩,测定浓度。结果:慢病毒感染BV-2细胞后可表达GFP,RT-PCR和Western blot检测CDK4的表达明显下降。结论:成功构建携带CDK4-siRNA的慢病毒载体,体外研究显示其能明显下调CDK4的表达。     

小鼠miR-214重组慢病毒载体的构建和鉴定

目的构建携带miR-214的重组慢病毒表达载体,为研究miR-214的功能和作用机制奠定基础。方法从小鼠基因组DNA扩增miR-214基因,测序鉴定后克隆至pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-copGFP慢病毒载体上,测序鉴定、病毒包装后转染HEK293细胞,测定病毒滴度。将重组慢病毒载体感染HEK293细胞,应用萤光定量PCR法检测miR-214表达。结果重组慢病毒载体pCDH-CMV-miR-214-EF1-copGFP测序完全正确,pCDH-CMV-miR-214-EF1-copGFP感染的HEK293细胞中miR-214表达显著增强。结论成功构建小鼠miR-214重组慢病毒载体,并可在HEK293细胞中稳定表达出miR-214,为进一步进行miR-214的功能和机制研究奠定了试验基础。     

重组腺病毒载体Ad5-hTRX-EGFP的构建及其表达

本研究旨在构建并制备人硫氧还蛋白(hTRX)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因腺病毒载体Ad-hTRX-EGFP,感染HEK293细胞,为基因治疗提供实验基础。设计含有NotⅠ和EcoRⅤ酶切位点的引物,PCR扩增hTRX,将扩增产物连接到带有EGFP标记的pDC316-mCMV穿梭质粒上,构建重组穿梭质粒pDC316-hTRX-EGFP,利用Lipofectamine2000脂质体的方法将AdMax腺病毒包装系统的骨架质粒pBHG lox_E1,3Cre和穿梭质粒pDC316-hTRX-EGFP共转染入HEK293细胞,进行同源重组,得到腺病毒重组质粒pAd-hTRX-EGFP,并在其中包装扩增病毒,用氯化铯高速梯度离心、纯化病毒,测定病毒颗粒数及滴度。采用PCR方法对重组腺病毒进行鉴定,用流式细胞仪测定感染HEK293细胞的效率,Western blot方法验证细胞表达hTRX蛋白。结果显示,重组腺病毒质粒经PCR和NotⅠ、EcoRⅤ酶切鉴定,证实含有hTRX基因,测序结果和设计片段的序列一致。重组腺病毒载体构建成功,病毒滴度达5.558×1010pfu/ml。病毒成功感染HEK293细胞,MOI=100时,感染效率达92.25%。经Western blot方法验证表明,感染后的HEK293细胞高表达hTRX蛋白。结论:应用细胞内同源重组方法成功构建了含hTRX基因的重组腺病毒载体,制备获得高滴度的病毒,能高效感染HEK293细胞并表达目的蛋白,为后续研究奠定了基础。     

重组干扰质粒对卵巢癌COC1细胞HDAC1表达的影响

目的构建重组HDAC1基因的短发夹RNA(shRNA)慢病毒干扰质粒并研究其对卵巢癌COC1细胞HDAC1表达的影响。方法针对HDAC1基因设计特异性siRNA靶点,构建慢病毒干扰质粒载体,筛选获得的有效shRNA慢病毒干扰序列,将其转染卵巢癌COC1细胞。采用Real-time PCR方法检测靶基因在mRNA水平的沉默效果,Western blot方法检测靶基因在蛋白质水平的沉默效果。结果构建的慢病毒载体shRNA的PCR鉴定和测序正确。shRNA慢病毒干扰质粒转染COC1细胞后HDAC1基因的mRNA表达量和蛋白质水平较阴性对照质粒转染组均显著下调(P0.05)。结论成功构建HDAC1基因的shRNA慢病毒干扰质粒,该慢病毒干扰质粒能够在细胞水平有效沉默靶基因。     

解偶联蛋白-2 RNA干扰慢病毒载体的构建

目的:构建解偶联蛋白-2(UCP-2)基因的RNA干扰慢病毒载体.方法:根据RNA干扰序列设计原则,针对UCP-2mRNA(NM_011671)设计3个RNA干扰靶点序列,合成含干扰序列的DNA双链,酶切后连入慢病毒转移质粒pGCL-GFP中.连接产物转化感受态细胞,所获克隆行PCR鉴定和序列测定.构建成功的RNA干扰质粒与UCP-2表达质粒共转染293T细胞,荧光显微镜下观测转染效果,Western blot检测UCP-2蛋白表达,筛选出干扰效果最好RNA干扰质粒.将该质粒与两种辅助包装原件载体质粒pHelper 1.0(gag/pol元件)载体,Helper 2.0(VSVG元件)共转染293T细胞包装成慢病毒并检测滴度.结果:PCR和测序结果显示针对3个靶点的RNA干扰质粒均构建成功;通过Western blot检测获得最优干扰靶点,并成功包装成滴度为5×108TU/ml的慢病毒.结论:成功构建可供感染的解偶联蛋白-2 RNA干扰慢病毒载体,为后续靶向抑制该基因表达以提高脂肪肝移植成功率的研究莫定物质基础.     

核糖体结合蛋白1干扰慢病毒载体的构建及其对人肝癌细胞的干扰效应

目的构建核糖体结合蛋白1(RPN1)的干扰慢病毒载体,建立下调RPN1表达的肝癌细胞系。方法运用分子克隆针对RPN1基因构建干扰慢病毒载体,通过与病毒包装辅助质粒共感染293T细胞包装病毒,高速离心浓缩病毒,免疫荧光方式测定病毒滴度,感染Huh7.5.1肝癌细胞系,实时荧光定量PCR(RTqPCR)测定病毒干扰效果。结果成功构建并包装RPN1RNA干扰慢病毒,病毒滴度为2×10~9 TU/mL,感染Huh7.5.1细胞后阳性率大于90.0%。相对于阴性对照,RPN1RNA干扰慢病毒组RPN1基因表达敲减效率达到92.4%(P0.05)。结论成功构建并包装了RPN1干扰慢病毒,建立下调RPN1表达的人肝癌细胞株。     

大鼠硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖基因shRNA慢病毒载体的构建及干扰效率鉴定

背景:最近研究发现硫酸软骨素蛋白多糖(NG2)在中枢神经系统中参与多种生理病理功能,慢病毒载体可感染分裂期细胞或非分裂期的细胞,并能在细胞内高效稳定的表达。目的:构建大鼠源性NG2基因shRNA慢病毒载体并检测其干扰效率。方法:选择大鼠NG2基因RNA干扰的靶序列,合成OligoDNA,退火形成双链DNA,与HpaⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切后的pFU-GW-RNAi载体连接产生pLV-NG2-RNAi,PCR筛选阳性克隆,测序鉴定。将重组载体与pHelper1.0载体、pHelper2.0载体通过lipofectamineTM2000共转染293T细胞包装产生慢病毒LV-NG2-RNAi,收集病毒上清并浓缩。采用孔稀释滴度测定法计算病毒滴度。将LV-NG2-RNAi慢病毒感染C6细胞,于感染后96h提取细胞总蛋白,采用Westernblot检测NG2的表达。结果与结论:经PCR和测序证实构建片段大小及DNA序列与目的序列一致,实验成功构建大鼠NG2基因shRNA慢病毒载体LV-NG2-RNAi。包装浓缩慢病毒的滴度为8×1011TU/L。Westernblot检测显示在感染复数为50时,感染LV-NG2-RNAi慢病毒的C6细胞较感染对照慢病毒及未感染细胞NG2的表达明显降低,干扰效率可达100%(P<0.05)。结果证实了实验成功构建大鼠NG2基因shRNA慢病毒载体,且该载体能够在细胞水平有效沉默靶基因。     

增殖诱导配体基因短发夹RNA慢病毒表达载体的构建

目的 构建针对人的增殖诱导配体(a proliferation-inducing ligand,APRIL)基因的短发夹RNA(small hairpin RNA,shRNA)慢病毒表达载体,并在感染293T细胞后检测病毒滴度及适合的感染复数(multiplicity of infection,MOI)值.方法 以人APRIL基因为靶点,筛选出3条shRNA靶序列:shAPRIL1210、shAPRIL1754、shAPRIL1604;各自合成靶序列的Oligo DNA,退火形成双链DNA后分别与经酶切的pGEL-GFP载体连接,构建3个慢病毒表达载体LV-shAPRIL1210、LV-shAPRIL1754、LV-shAPRIL1604;将连接产物分别转化到DH5α感受态细胞,经PCR及DNA测序鉴定.再用LV-shAPRIL与包装质粒pHelper 1.0、pHelper 2.0共转染293T细胞,包装产生慢病毒,以293T细胞绿色荧光蛋白的表达水平确定病毒滴度及适合的MOI值.结果 PCR和测序结果与构建的3个慢病毒载体LV-shAPRIL1210、LV-shAPRIL1754、LV-shAPRIL1604的预期结果一致,经包装产生的慢病毒滴度分别为5×107、6×107、4×107转导单位(TU)/ml;适合高效感染的MOI值为5.结论 成功构建人APRIL基因3个慢病毒表达载体LV-shAPRIL,为后继的在相关靶细胞中诱导特异性的APRIL基因沉默奠定基础.     

靶向hTERT基因RNAi慢病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的 构建hTERT 基因RNAi 慢病毒载体,为大肠癌RNAi 介导的基因治疗打下基础.方法 化学合成3 条靶向hTERT 基因的siRNA,转染大肠癌细胞SW480,48 h 后采用RT-PCR 方法筛选出一条对hTERT mRNA 有明显抑制作用的siRNA.针对已经筛选确定的hTERT 基因RNAi 有效靶序列,合成靶序列的Oligo DNA,退火形成双链DNA,与经XhoⅠ和HpaⅠ酶切后的GP-Supersilencing Vector 载体[含U6 启动子和绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)]连接产生LV-shhTERT 慢病毒载体,PCR 筛选阳性克隆,测序鉴定.用LV-shhTERT、pGag/Pol、pRev 和pVSV-G 4 质粒共转染包装细胞293T 细胞,包装产生慢病毒,以293T细胞GFP 蛋白的表达水平测定病毒滴度.结果 PCR 和测序证实,成功构建hTERT shRNA 的慢病毒载体LV-shhTERT.包装慢病毒,浓缩病毒悬液的滴度为1 ×108 UT/ml.结论 成功构建了hTERT 基因RNAi 慢病毒载体.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.