腹腔镜阑尾切除术与传统开腹手术对穿孔性阑尾炎的疗效对比

目的:通过观察穿孔性阑尾炎患者行腹腔镜阑尾切除术和传统开腹手术的疗效,比较二者优缺点。方法:选取2015年6月至2016年2月收住我科的穿孔性阑尾炎患者90例,随机分成对照组和观察组,各45例。观察组采取开腹阑尾切除术(open appendectomy,OA)手术式,对照组采取腹腔镜阑尾切除术(laparoscopic appendectomy,LA)手术式,比较两组患者手术时问、术后抗生素使用时间、术后肛门排气时间、住院时间及术后并发腹腔脓肿、切口感染、肠梗阻的例数,评估疗效及安全性。结果:穿孔阑尾炎患者行LA的术后肛门排气时间、住院时间、术后抗生素使用时间均短于OA组,手术时间长于OA组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。LA手术方式发生腹腔脓肿、切口感染、肠梗阻的例数均显著OA组(P0.05)。结论:LA治疗穿孔性阑尾炎较OA具有创口小、恢复快、住院时间短、抗生素用量少等特点,但手术时间较长,可作为穿孔性阑尾炎一种安全、有效的治疗方法,值得推广。     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术与开腹阑尾切除术的对比分析

目的比较两种阑尾切除手术方式的优缺点。方法回顾分析2009年1月至2015年12月在我院行阑尾切除的2063例患者的临床资料,其中827例行腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA),1236例行开腹阑尾切除术(OA),比较两组的手术时间、出血量、术后疼痛评分、肠道功能恢复时间、住院时间、住院费用、切口感染、腹腔出血、腹腔脓肿、肠瘘、引流管拔管时间、肠粘连的发生等。结果 LA手术组在术后疼痛评分、肠道功能恢复时间、住院时间、切口感染及肠粘连等观察指标方面均优于OA组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组在手术时间、出血量;术后腹腔出血、腹腔脓肿、肠瘘以及引流管拔管时间方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 LA手术安全可靠,术后恢复快,术后并发症少,值得临床推广。     

穿孔性阑尾炎手术切除后是否腹腔引流的近期预后分析的随机对照试验

目的腹腔脓肿是穿孔性阑尾炎(PAP)最常见的并发症,阑尾切除术后是否行腹腔引流取决于阑尾炎症严重程度,但是很大程度上还是取决于术者的专业知识和个人习惯,国际上并未就穿孔性阑尾炎术后是否常规行腹腔引流达成共识。本试验评估阑尾炎伴穿孔患者术后是否腹腔引流的近期预后并比较预后的差异,同时比较腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)及开腹阑尾切除术(OA)预后的差异。方法本试验为随机对照试验(RCT),纳入自2012年3月收入我科术中诊断为穿孔性阑尾炎患者540例,采取简单随机分组方法将患者分为试验组(腹腔引流)和对照组(不行腹腔引流),采用χ2检验和t检验对相关资料进行分析。结果 2012年3月2日至2015年4月30日,本试验共纳入540例穿孔性阑尾炎患者并完成阑尾切除术。试验组与对照组术后总并发症发生率分别为11.5%(31/270)和35.2%(95/270),术后腹腔脓肿发生率分别为5.2%和14.8%,术后腹痛发生率分别为0%和13.7%,组间差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),而切口感染率(5.6%vs.6.3%,P=0.175)以及术后残端瘘(0.7%vs.0.4%,P=0.563)组间差异无统计学意义;两组患者术后再次干预发生率(14.1%vs.32.6%)、经皮/直肠腹腔穿刺引流发生率(0.7%vs.7.8%)以及术后抗生素使用(13.0%vs.23.0%),差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);术后再次手术和术后住院时间两组患者差异无统计学意义(P=0.102,P=0.094)。LA与OA预后指标比较,两组患者术后并发症发生率分别为35.1%(87/248)和14.6%(34/233),差异有统计学意义(P<0.000 1),术后再次干预发生率分别为19.3%(45/233)和30.2%(75/248),差异有统计学意义(P=0.006),两组患者术后住院时间差异无统计学意义(4.4 d vs.4.2 d,P=0.117)。结论穿孔性阑尾炎术后行腹腔引流可有效降低术后并发症以及术后再次干预发生率,显著提高近期疗效。LA近期疗效优于OA。     

腹腔镜治疗急性穿孔性阑尾炎的价值评估

目的对比分析开腹阑尾切除与腹腔镜下阑尾切除手术方式的疗效,评估腹腔镜下阑尾切除术的临床应用价值。方法根据手术方式将患者分为开腹手术(OA)组与腹腔镜手术(LA)组,分析两组手术方式术中术后的各项指标,利用统计学方法研究两者的差异。结果两组患者均无围手术期死亡病例,无肠漏、术后出血等严重并发症。与OA组比较,LA组的手术时间、肠道功能恢复时间、术后腹痛持续时间及住院时间较短,术中出血量、切口感染率减少明显,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组术后腹腔脓肿发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜下阑尾切除术治疗急性穿孔性阑尾炎较传统开腹手术方式具有临床优势。     

腹腔镜在化脓性阑尾炎手术中的应用效果

目的探讨腹腔镜在化脓性阑尾炎切除术中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年1月期间收治的术后病理均证实为化脓性阑尾炎的患者共136例的临床资料,比较行腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA组)75例和开腹阑尾切除术(OA组)61例患者的放置引流管情况、术后肛门排气时间、术后切口(戳孔)感染、术后住院时间等。结果 2组放置引流管例数及术后住院时间比较,LA组少于OA组,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;2组术后肛门排气时间及术后切口(戳孔)感染例数比较,LA组少于OA组,差异无统计学意义,P>0.05。结论在化脓性阑尾炎手术中,腹腔镜要优于开腹手术,可以减少引流管放置及缩短术后住院时间。更多还原     

急性化脓性阑尾炎行腹腔镜手术与开腹手术的比较

目的探讨急性化脓性阑尾炎行腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)的可行性及疗效。方法对2009年5月至2010年12月收治的125例急性化脓性阑尾炎(术后病检证实为急性蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎)患者,其中56例行LA术,69例开腹阑尾切除术(OA),对LA和OA治疗化脓性阑尾炎的疗效方面进行回顾性综合分析。结果 LA组与OA组在手术操作时间上差异无统计学意义;LA组在切除阑尾的同时可以发现和治疗其他隐性疾病,OA组则无此作用;LA组均未放置引流管;而OA组有42例放置引流管、在术后使用镇痛药、术后下床活动时间、切口感染发生率、住院时间等项中,LA组明显优于OA组;平均住院费用LA组稍高于OA组。结论 LA术后恢复快,创伤小兼有美容效果,不污染手术切口,切口并发症少,是目前阑尾切除术较理想的方法,值得推广。     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术对不同病情阑尾炎患者的疗效对比研究

目的探讨腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)在急、慢性阑尾炎中的疗效差异,旨在为临床LA的开展提供指导。方法选取2012年6月-2014年6月该院普外科收治的128例阑尾炎患者(急性阑尾炎62例,慢性阑尾炎66例)为研究对象,所有患者均行LA治疗,对比分析急、慢性阑尾炎患者应用LA治疗的效果。结果两组患者一次性手术成功率、中途转至开腹手术率、腹腔引流率及再次手术率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。急性阑尾组患者平均手术时间、术后首次排气时间及术后进食时间较慢性阑尾炎组长(P0.05)。急性阑尾炎组术后肠梗阻及结肠损伤发生率高于慢性阑尾炎组(P0.05)。结论 LA均能有效治疗急、慢性阑尾炎,与慢性阑尾炎相比,急性患者行LA治疗后可能会增加肠梗阻、肠腔脓肿和结肠损伤等并发风险。     

腹腔镜阑尾切除与小切口阑尾切除的临床疗效观察

目的 观察腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)与小切口阑尾切除术(SA)的临床疗效.方法 随机将85例阑尾炎患者分为两组,LA组45例行腹腔镜阑尾切除术,SA组40例行小切口阑尾切除术,比较两种术式的切口长度、手术时间、住院时间、住院费用、切口感染等.结果 两组手术时间、住院时间,住院费用、切口感染的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),SA组切口长度大于LA组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在患者发病时间短,体征局限、轻轻,诊断明确的情况下,腹腔镜阑尾切除术与小切口阑尾切除术两种手术方式都可选择.     

腹腔镜阑尾切除术和开腹阑尾切除术临床疗效对比分析

观察对比分析腹腔镜阑尾切除术﹙LA﹚和开腹阑尾切除术﹙OA﹚的临床治疗效果。选取我院2006年11月~2016年11月收治的200例阑尾炎患者。随机分为观察组和对照组各100例。观察组采用腹腔镜阑尾切除术﹙LA﹚治疗,对照组采用开腹阑尾切除术﹙OA﹚治疗。比较两组患者住院时间、手术切口长度、早期活动时间、排气时间及并发症等情况。结果观察组患者住院时间、手术切口长度、早期活动时间、排气时间及并发症等均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。阑尾炎患者行腹腔镜阑尾切除术(LA)治疗,显著优于开腹阑尾切除术(OA),显著缓解了患者的痛苦,值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜与开腹阑尾切除术治疗阑尾周围脓肿的研究

目的 对腹腔镜下阑尾周围脓肿行手术治疗的临床应用价值进行探讨分析.方法 回顾分析手术治疗阑尾周围脓肿的资料,其中分为腹腔镜手术(LA)36例,开腹手术(OA)29例.比较两组的手术时间、并发症(即切口感染、腹腔内脓肿)发生率、术后住院天数、术后肠道功能恢复时间、抗生素使用时间及引流管留置时间等指标.结果 LA组手术时间(90.5±21.4)min明显长于OA组(76.8±27.6)min(P ＜0.05).LA组术后开始进食时间(1.4±0.5)d明显短于OA组(2.3±0.7)d(P＜0.05).LA组术后住院时间(5.3±2.8)d显著短于OA组(7.6±2.7)d(P＜0.05),LA组切口感染率及腹腔内脓肿发生率较OA组低(P＜0.05).两组均无死亡病例.结论 LA具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少及住院时间短等优点,可用于治疗阑尾周围脓肿,是一种可行、安全、有效的治疗方法.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.