双瓣移植在拇指修饰性再造中的应用

目的 分析吻合趾-指血管的蹈甲瓣与足背逆行筋膜蒂皮瓣在拇指修饰性再造中的应用效果。方法 对6例部分拇指缺损的患者，采用吻合趾．指血管的躅甲瓣移植修饰性再造拇指，同时行足背逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣转移修复供区躅趾的缺损，足背筋膜皮瓣供区用中厚层皮片植皮修复。术后拇指早期进行功能锻炼。结果 6例躅甲瓣和供区创面全部存活，拇指及蹰趾外形满意，功能恢复良好。结论 吻合趾-指血管的躅甲瓣移植修饰性再造拇指，同时对躅趾供区采用足背岛状筋膜蒂皮瓣进行逆行转移修复，此方法不仅缩短了手术时间，简化了传统的躅甲瓣移植术式，而且使再造的拇指获得良好的外形，达到精细的修饰性修复效果，同时提高了足部跨趾供区的修复质量，保护了患者的行走功能。     

带(足母)趾末节趾骨及第二足趾皮岛再造拇指的临床研究

目的 探讨带(足母)趾末节趾骨及第二足趾皮岛的改良全形再造在拇指Ⅱ类B区缺损再造中的临床效果.方法 对6例外伤性拇指Ⅱ类B区缺损的患者,采用带(足母)趾末节趾骨及第二足趾皮岛的改良全形再造术,用同一血管蒂带(足母)趾末节趾骨的(足母)甲皮瓣及第二足趾中、近节骨和肌腱复合组织皮瓣再造拇指.结果 术后6例再造拇指全部存活,随访时间6～24个月,再造拇指及供区(足母)趾外形满意,按中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准进行手功能评定:优4例,良2例.患者生活均能自理,术后5例恢复工作.结论 带(足母)趾末节趾骨及第二足趾皮岛的改良全形再造Ⅱ类B区缺损拇指最大程度地恢复了再造拇指特别是末节指体的良好外观及感觉,同时提高了再造指骨愈合率,恢复了再造拇指的活动功能,且对足部供区的功能影响有限.     

不带趾骨的游离[足母]趾甲皮瓣再造拇指

目的观察不带趾骨的游离[足母]趾甲皮瓣移植重建拇指的临床效果。方法对9例拇指缺损、拇指皮肤撕脱伤及拇指再植术后坏死病例进行保留[足母]趾全长的游离[足母]趾趾甲皮瓣移植重建,其中拇指缺损4例,拇指皮肤撕脱伤3例,拇指再植术后坏死2例。亚急诊再造5例,择期再造4例。结果再造拇指全部成活,经随访1～6年,再造拇指外形美观,对掌活动灵活,再造拇指抓、握、捏有力,两点辨别距离8～12mm,患者对再造拇指均满意。供区[足母]甲皮瓣切取后植皮大部分成活,部分病例经甲壳胺人工皮膜局部使用后创面愈合。[足母]趾均保留了全长,无破溃及疼痛病例,术后对供足的站立行走及负重功能无明显影响。结论不带趾骨的游离[足母]趾甲皮瓣移植再造拇指具有外形逼真、功能恢复好、疗程短、对供区外形及功能影响小、患者易接受等优点,是治疗拇指皮肤撕脱伤、Ⅲ～Ⅳ度拇指缺损及再植术后拇指坏死补救的理想手术方法。     

重视再造拇指及供足外观的(足母)甲皮瓣移植

目的 在提高(足母)甲皮瓣移植再造拇指功能的基础上进一步改善外形,减少对供足的损害.方法 对39例拇指缺损的患者,采用Morrison及改良(足母)甲皮瓣方法移植再造拇指,供区创面修复采用游离植皮30例、皮瓣加游离植皮8例、皮瓣1例.结果 移植(足母)甲皮瓣39例,存活38例,失败1例.术后随访3个月至2年,再造拇指均有不同程度的直径缩小、皮肤变薄、指纹变浅现象,萎缩以指甲部最为明显.指腹两点分辨觉平均为10mm.(足母)趾创面4例需再次植皮或咬除部分趾骨,缝合后愈合;其余创面全部愈合.3个月内大多数患者行走时感到轻度疼痛;随访半年以上者疼痛逐渐消失,站立、行走、跑步均无明显异常.结论 (足母)甲皮瓣移植术中注意骨骼的设计、甲床的切取及多根神经的缝接,术后可明显改善再造拇指的外形.改良(足母)甲皮瓣的切取方法能减少对供区功能的损害,改善外观.     

改良游离母甲皮瓣移植再造拇指

目的探讨改良的拇甲皮瓣移植再造拇指的方法，以减少对供足的损害。方法2001年11月至2003年10月，应用作者设计的改良游离拇甲皮瓣移植再造拇指11例，其中6例为Ⅱ类A区缺损，5例为Ⅱ类B区缺损。在同侧拇趾切取拇甲皮瓣，皮瓣的神经血管蒂同传统的蹲甲皮瓣；将保留于供趾上的皮瓣设计于跖底负重区，其内包含跖底胫侧固有动脉和神经。结果术后随访6个月～2年，再造拇指全部存活，外形功能与传统拇甲皮瓣再造拇指的结果相当。10例患者顺利保留了供趾的全长或大部分，1例患者供趾保留的皮瓣部分坏死，作二期手术处理。11例的供足无疼痛，无磨损或破溃，步态正常。供足的静态负重，动态力学分布与对侧正常足基本相同。结论改良设计的拇甲皮瓣再造拇指，在不增加手术难度，不降低再造拇指质量的情况下，能很好的保留了供趾的功能。     

(足母)趾末节游离移植再造拇指手术前后供足足底的生物力学分析

随着显微外科技术的不断发展和普及,应用躅趾游离移植再造拇指的研究越来越多,再造拇指功能、外观口趋理想.移植术对供足功能的影响一直足手外科及显微外科较为关注的问题.目前关于第二趾移植术后供足生物力学改变已有报道[1],对(足母)趾末节游离移植再造拇指术后供足的生物力学改变尤其是足底动态生物力学改变的文献报道甚少.足底动态牛物力学分析能较全面准确地反映足底触地区域压应力、冲量、重心等动态变化,对认识供足的生物力学改变有重要意义.     

游离甲皮瓣联合第2趾复合组织瓣用于电烧伤后毁损性拇指再造的临床效果

目的探讨游离甲皮瓣联合第2趾复合组织瓣用于电烧伤后毁损性拇指再造的临床效果。方法采用回顾性观察性研究方法。2018年5月—2021年4月, 郑州市第一人民医院收治了12例符合入选标准的电烧伤致拇指毁损男性患者, 年龄27～58岁, 彻底清创后拇指缺损分度为Ⅲ度者10例、Ⅳ度者2例。采用游离甲皮瓣联合携带皮岛的第2趾趾骨、关节、肌腱等复合组织瓣再造拇指, 甲皮瓣供区Ⅰ期覆盖人工真皮并行持续负压封闭引流、Ⅱ期移植腹股沟区中厚皮片覆盖, 第2趾供区应用髂骨条填塞固定。再造术后1周观察再造拇指成活情况, 皮片移植术后2周观察甲皮瓣供区皮片成活情况, 再造术后6周复查X线观察再造拇指指骨及供足第2趾趾骨骨痂形成情况。随访时观察再造拇指外形, 评估感觉功能;按照中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准评定再造拇指功能;观察供足趾及第2趾的趾间关节是否僵硬、足部供区瘢痕增生情况及供足站立、行走功能是否受限。结果再造术后1周, 患者再造拇指均成活。皮片移植术后2周, 11例患者甲皮瓣供区皮片全部成活;1例患者甲皮瓣供区皮片部分坏死, 换药10 d后创面完全愈合。再造术后6周, 10例患者再造拇指指...     

应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复拇手指脱套伤

目的 探讨应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复各型拇、手指脱套伤的临床疗效.方法 根据不同损伤类型,采取4种方式修复18例28个脱套拇手指:①单侧改良(躅)甲瓣修复9例9个拇指近节中段以远脱套及3例3指近侧指间关节以远脱套;②单侧改良(躅)甲瓣加第二趾胫侧皮瓣修复2例2指全指脱套;③双侧改良(躅)甲瓣修复1例双侧拇指脱套;④双侧改良(躅)甲瓣加第二趾胫侧皮瓣与带感觉的超薄股前外侧皮瓣修复3例12指脱套.(躅)甲瓣切取时携带全部趾甲,保留(躅)趾趾底偏胫侧三角形皮瓣.结果 18例22块(躅)甲瓣及3块超薄股前外侧皮瓣均一期完全成活.15例获随访8～25个月,再造拇、手指外观接近健侧指体,运动及感觉恢复满意,供区无增生性瘢痕,跖底三角形皮瓣显著增宽,所有患者步行、跑、跳均无明显受限.结论 应用改良(躅)甲瓣修复拇手指脱套伤,不但受区可以获得接近健侧的良好外观和功能,而且可使供区损伤减少到最低限度,是目前显微重建拇、手指脱套伤的最佳术式之一.     

伴有手部皮肤缺损的急诊拇指和手指再造

目的 报道伴有手部皮肤缺损的急诊拇指和手指再造的手术方法及临床疗效.方法 急诊对11例伴有手部皮肤缺损的拇、手指缺损伤患者,采用双足带足背皮瓣的趾甲皮瓣或足第二趾组合移植进行修复,其中应用带足背皮瓣的(足母)甲瓣组合带足背皮瓣的第二趾甲皮瓣5例;应用带足背皮瓣的(足母)甲瓣组合带足背皮瓣的第二趾3例;应用双足带足背皮瓣的第二趾组合修复3例.其中1例再造3个手指,10例再造2个手指.5例采用同蒂多叶皮瓣的趾甲皮瓣或第二趾移植修复,6例采用带足背皮瓣的趾甲皮瓣或第二趾移植修复.结果 除1例再造3个手指者1指坏死外,其余组织瓣及再造手指均成活.术后伤13均一期愈合.随访5～24个月,修复后的手指基本恢复了抓、捏、握的功能,手部外形得到了一定的恢复,再造指及皮瓣的感觉恢复S2～S4.足部供区愈合较满意,无明显的瘢痕挛缩,不影响足部行走功能.结论 急诊采用双足带足背皮瓣的趾甲皮瓣,或第二趾组合移植修复伴有手部皮肤缺损的拇、手指缺损伤,可以恢复伤手一定的功能外形,是一种有效的治疗方法.     

(足母)趾甲皮瓣移植再造拇指术式的改进及其展望

拇指能作外展、对掌、持、捏等动作,约占手功能的40%,一旦缺损,将严重影响患者的日常生活和工作.因此,拇指伤残后,如何再造以恢复功能,一直以来是手外科的重要课题. 1980年Morrison[1]与美国Buncke和英国Cobbett在(足母)趾移植手术技术的基础上,首先报道用游离(足母)趾甲皮瓣包裹髂骨块移植再造拇指,由于(足母)趾趾腹特殊的皮肤质地和组织结构,使其能恢复与正常拇指相似的外形与良好功能,且供足不减少足趾数.自此,用(足母)趾甲皮瓣再造拇指的方法就成为拇指皮肤撕脱伤或部分缺损修复的固定术式.为了使之能更适应各种类型拇指缺损的形态和大小,再造出功能和外观均令人满意的拇指,国内外同行不断创新与改进,提出了各种不同的术式.     

Finger reconstruction with a free neurovascular wrap-around flap from the big toe

From 1983 to 1998, 16 cases of finger reconstruction with a free neurovascular wrap-around flap from the big toe were treated. Fourteen cases were successful, and two cases failed. The authors reviewed these cases on the average of about 38 months after surgery. Pinch power was 51 percent of the unaffected normal hand, and two-point discrimination was 7.6 mm. The mean resorption of the grafted bone was 13 percent in width and 9 percent in length. There were no complications such as fracture of the grafted bone, nonunion, and pulp dislodgement. This procedure provided length, stability, and adequate sensibility for a functional pinch and grasp. Sensory return to the wrap-around flap on the thumb was often greater than for the same area on the opposite foot. The donor site of the wrap-around flap was acceptable, both aesthetically and functionally, and allowed the wearing of open-toed shoes by young women. Finger reconstruction with a wrap-around flap from the big toe yielded excellent cosmetic and functional results in cases involving amputation at the level of the metacarpophalangealjoints or distal to it. In addition, this procedure was an excellent choice for treatment in cases involving avulsion injuries of the fingers and reconstruction of soft-tissue defects after tumor excision.     

足部皮瓣移植修复拇、手指皮肤缺损

目的 探讨应用5种足部皮瓣移植修复拇、手指皮肤缺损的疗效。方法 1987年5月-2003年6月，对93例拇、手指皮肤缺损的患者，采用5种不同类型的足部皮瓣进行移植修复。其中采用趾腹皮瓣移植修复指腹缺损27例；趾甲瓣移植修复指甲与指背皮肤缺损8例；[足母]甲瓣或第二趾趾甲皮瓣移植修复拇、手指皮肤脱套伤48例；[足母]趾腓侧半月形皮瓣移植修复拇、手指近节与（或）中节皮肤环形缺损6例；足背三叶或二叶皮瓣移植修复2～3个手指部分皮肤缺损4例。结果 术后皮瓣成功90例，失败3例，成功率为96．8％。供区3例[足母]甲瓣切取后创面不愈．经扩创、植皮后愈合。术后随访8个月～6年．平均2年，皮瓣质地、弹性及拇、手指外形功能良好．指腹皮瓣两点分辨觉达5～8mm。供区行走无影响。结论 选择不同类型的足部皮瓣游离移植是修复拇、手指不同部位皮肤缺损的理想、有效的治疗方法。     

拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节缺损

目的探讨拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节缺损的临床疗效。方法对7例拇指末节缺损患者分别采用吻合血管拇趾甲皮瓣修复拇指背侧皮肤及指甲缺损、尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣修复拇指末节掌侧皮肤缺损、末节指骨缺损取髂骨移植。拇趾甲皮瓣供区采用游离植皮5例,同侧第2趾胫侧方皮瓣顺行覆盖2例;尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣供区均直接缝合。结果 7例拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣均顺利成活,伤口一期愈合。其中1例拇趾甲皮瓣供区植皮出现部分坏死,经换药后愈合。末节植骨愈合时间为8~11周,平均10周。去除内固定物后行规律功能锻炼。所有患者获随访6~15个月,平均8个月,移植组织成活及拇指指甲生长良好,指腹皮瓣两点辨别觉为8~10 mm(平均9 mm);足部供区皮瓣及植皮无破溃,足部功能未受影响。结论采用拇趾甲皮瓣及尺动脉腕上皮支下行支皮瓣瓦合并髂骨植骨再造拇指末节能较好地恢复拇指外形及功能,是一种较好的临床治疗方法。     

The aesthetic mini wrap-around technique for thumb reconstruction

In the past 12 years, 16 thumb defects at, or distal to, the interphalangeal joint were reconstructed using a great toe mini wrap-around flap. A flap including the entire nail and most of the distal phalanx of the great toe was used. Fifteen of the grafts survived. The sensory recovery of the reconstructed thumb was good as assessed by 2-point discrimination test with an average of 10 mm (range 5-15), and there were no complaints of cold intolerance. This technique results in good cosmetic appearance, and all patients were pleased with the cosmetic aspect of the thumb and there was no significant morbidity at the great toe donor site. The final decision to reconstruct a distal thumb amputation is influenced by gender, job, and age of the patients. The great toe mini wrap-around flap is an excellent reconstruction technique in selected patients.     

Free peroneal flap coverage of the great toe defect resulting from a wrap-around flap transfer

In thumb reconstruction, the wrap-around free flap from the great toe with distal terminal phalanx attached gives a better replica of a thumb esthetically and functionally and has many advantages. However, there are problems in the great toe, such as delayed wound healing, pain caused by long-time walking, ulceration, and skin erosion. We closed the skin defect of the great toe with a free peroneal flap in seven cases. In all cases of both the wrap-around flap and peroneal flap complete healing was obtained after the operation without trouble. The donor great toe causes no significant morbidity.     

Distal thumb reconstruction using a mini wrap-around flap from the great toe.

We have used a great toe mini wrap-around flap for reconstruction of the thumb at, or distal to, the interphalangeal joint. Our series included 12 patients with traumatic amputations. A flap including the entire nail and most of the distal phalanx of the great toe was used. Eleven of the grafts survived. Sensibility was good with an average of 10 mm static two-point discrimination (range, 5-15) and there were no complaints of cold intolerance. All patients were pleased with the appearance of the thumb and there was no significant morbidity at the great toe donor site. The great toe mini wrap-around flap is an excellent reconstruction technique for selected patients with distal thumb amputations.     

游离皮瓣移植修复手部及前臂皮肤缺损407例分析

目的 探讨游离皮瓣移植修复手部及前臂皮肤缺损的疗效。方法 1990年5月—2005年9月，选用18种游离皮瓣移植修复手部及前臂皮肤缺损407例。其中躅趾腓侧趾腹皮瓣39例，躅趾或第二趾趾甲瓣11例，躅甲瓣或第二趾趾甲皮瓣60例，躅趾腓侧半月形皮瓣6例，躅趾腓侧或第二趾胫侧半侧甲瓣7例，足背三叶或二叶皮瓣6例，带足背皮瓣的足趾移植144例，第一趾蹼皮瓣12例，足底内侧皮瓣4例，足背皮瓣10例，足外侧皮瓣8例，小腿内侧皮瓣21例，小腿外侧腓骨皮瓣2例，肩胛皮瓣2例，股前外侧皮瓣9例，胸脐皮瓣27例，背阔肌皮瓣5例，桡动脉皮瓣5例，跗甲瓣或第二趾与游离皮瓣组合移植29例。结果术后成功401例，成功率为98．5％。术后经6个月～8年（平均3．5年）的随访，皮瓣血运、质地、弹性良好。不同类型的足趾组织瓣或足部皮瓣移植修复后的拇、手指外形良好，指腹两点分辨觉为5至8mm。结论 游离皮瓣移植是修复手部及前臂皮肤缺损的理想方法之一。尤其对拇手指皮肤缺损，选用不同类型的足部游离皮瓣移植修复，功能与外形优于其他方法。     

Long-Term Follow-Up on the Donor Foot After Thumb Reconstruction Using Big Toe Wrap-Around Flap in Two Different Operation Methods

The function of the donor foot has been affected after using big toe wrap-around flap for thumb reconstruction. A modified operation method has been developed to reduce the adverse effect on the donor foot. The current study compared the long-term effect of the classic and the modified operation methods on the donor foot. Gait analysis was carried out, including how the patient walked, the walking speed and walking distance, and how the patient jumped and ran. Plantar pressure was measured while the patient was standing and moving. A total of 45 patients who received the 2 different operation methods were included. The follow-up time was 4–10 years with a mean of 6.5 years. Various degrees of complications occurred for the 21 patients who received the classic operation method. For these patients, plantar pressure of the donor foot was obviously different comparing with the healthy unaffected foot while the patient was standing or walking. For the 24 patients who received the modified operation method, no obvious complications were observed and the plantar pressure of the donor foot and the healthy unaffected foot was similar while the patient was standing or walking. In conclusion, both the classic and the modified operation methods have affected the function of the donor foot after using the big toe wrap-around flap for thumb reconstruction. However, the donor foot was less affected when the modified operation method was used.