经皮低温等离子髓核消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨经皮低温等离子髓核消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）的临床疗效。方法对38例年龄21-68岁的腰椎间盘突出症患者采用经皮等离子髓核消融术治疗,且应用视觉模拟评分法（visual analoguescale VAS）和Macnab评分法对其疗效进行观察分析。结果本组全部患者随访3-18个月,平均11个月。38例患者的症状均不同程度改善。术前VAS评分（6.85±1.25）分,术后随访1-18个月的VAS评分（1.68±0.50）分。根据改良Macnab疗效评定标准,21例治疗效果为优,11例良,4例可,2例差,优良率为84.21%,无一例严重并发症发生。结论在严格掌握适应证的情况下,等离子髓核消融术具有操作简单、安全、创伤小、近期疗效优的特点,是一种有效的治疗腰椎间盘突出症的微创手术。     

臭氧髓核消融术与臭氧联合射频术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的比较

目的 观察臭氧髓核消融术与臭氧联合射频靶点热凝术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效.方法 将颈椎间盘突出症患者78例随机分为观察组与对照组各39例.对照组予臭氧髓核消融术;观察组在臭氧髓核消融术治疗前先行射频靶点热凝术.比较2组术前、术后24h、1周、1个月、3个月VAS评分及疗效.结果 2组手术后各期VAS评分均较治疗前降低,且观察组降低较对照组更为明显,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 臭氧联合射频靶点热凝术治疗颈椎间盘突出症较单纯应用臭氧消融术起效快,疗效更好,值得临床推广应用.     

等离子射频髓核成形术复合臭氧髓核消融术治疗间盘源性疼痛

多年来,对于椎间盘源性疼痛的治疗主要为保守治疗和手术治疗.近年在欧美等国家开始使用间盘内微创治疗技术治疗椎间盘源性疼痛.根据低温等离子射频髓核成形术和臭氧髓核消融术的不同原理,本研究将以上两种方法联合应用治疗间盘源性疼痛,取得确切效果,报告如下.     

射频消融髓核成形技术在椎间孔镜 TESSYS手术中的辅助应用

目的：对比观察射频消融髓核成形术辅助椎间孔镜TESSYS手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法术前确诊为单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者50例,均存在腰痛伴下肢疼痛不适。随机分为椎间孔镜TESSYS技术髓核摘除术组（Ⅰ组）25例和射频消融髓核成形术辅助TESSYS技术髓核摘除术组（Ⅱ组）25例。男29例,女21例;年龄22～57岁,平均37．4岁。评价采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）和改良MacNab评分评估患者术后腰部功能恢复的情况。结果2组患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间：Ⅰ组（84．36±6．94）min,Ⅱ组（98．92±19．31）min,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。随访时间6～19个月,平均（11．14±3．31）个月,术后患者腰疼末次随访VAS评分：Ⅰ组（2．50±0．54）,Ⅱ组（2．01±0．578）;患者术后即刻、术后3个月、末次随访下肢疼痛VAS评分,组内比较：术后和末次随访腰疼及下肢疼痛VAS评分较术前明显改善（P＜0．05）。组间比较：末次随访腰部疼痛VAS评分Ⅱ组优于Ⅰ组（P＜0．05）;末次随访下肢疼痛VAS评分2组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。按照MacNab评分标准,末次随访时Ⅰ组：优10例,良12例,可3例,优良率88％。Ⅱ组：优13例,良10例,可2例,优良率92％,至随访结束2组患者均无1例出现复发。结论对于椎间盘源性腰痛合并下肢放射痛患者,射频消融髓核成形术辅助TESSYS技术髓核摘除术近期疗效良好。     

臭氧髓核消融术与联合射频靶点热凝术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的比较

目的探讨臭氧髓核消融术与联合射频靶点热凝术治疗颈椎间盘突出症临床及注意事项。方法2006年6月至2008年11月因颈椎间盘突出症住院82例患者随机分为观察组和对照组各41例;对照组仅行臭氧髓核消融术;观察组先行上述臭氧髓核消融术后静卧观察20min即行射频靶点热凝术。比较两组在手术后3d视觉模拟评分及术后JOA评分。结果手术后3d观察组VAS评分疼痛程度低;随访3～18个月,平均(6.8±2.3)个月,观察组评分JOA评分高,改善率高,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论臭氧髓核消融术联合射频靶点热凝术治疗颈椎间盘突出症效果优良,较之单纯应用臭氧髓核消融术具有更加理想的术后改善率,但应掌握适应证,精准定位射频靶点,要加强术后的康复训练和治疗。     

臭氧髓核消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者的护理

目的探讨臭氧髓核消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者的护理。方法综合我科50例臭氧髓核消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床护理效果。结果 50例患者术后随访1～6个月,无不良反应及并发症。结论对臭氧髓核消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者实施周密细致的术前,术后护理及康复指导,起到了预防并发症、减少复发,提高治愈率的作用。     

低温等离子射频消融髓核成形术联合O2-O3椎间盘内外注射治疗LDH的临床研究

目的探讨低温等离子射频消融髓核成形术联合O2-O3混合气体盘内外注射消融治疗腰椎间盘突出症（LDH）的临床疗效。方法选取120例腰椎间盘突出症患者,随机分3组,每组40例,射频治疗组（A组）,O2-O3混合气体治疗组（B组）,射频O2-O3混合体治疗组（C组）。采用VAS视觉模拟疼痛评分作为疼痛水平评价指标,改良Macnab标准评估治疗效果。观察治疗后1周、2周、1个月、2个月VAS视觉模拟疼痛评分及术后2个月手术优良率。结果3组术后症状有不同程度的缓解,未发生不良反应及其他并发症。术后VAS疼痛分值C组低于其他2组（P〈0．05）,C组术后2个月优良率为97．5％,高于A组和B组（P〈0．05）;但A组与B组疼痛分值及术后2个月优良率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论低温等离子射频消融髓核成形术联合O2-O3混合气体盘内外注射消融治疗LDH安全有效,疗效优于单独应用射频消融或O2-O3消融术。     

低温等离子靶点消融术联合臭氧治疗神经根型颈椎间盘突出症的疗效

目的 观察低温等离子靶点消融术联合臭氧治疗神经根型颈椎间盘突出症的疗效.方法 神经根型颈椎间盘突出症患者111例分别采用低温等离子靶点消融术联合臭氧(观察组,74例)和低温等离子射频消融髓核成形术联合臭氧(对照组,37例)治疗.于术前、术后1d、4d、3个月和6个月时评估VAS疼痛评分和颈椎功能障碍指数(NDI),术后6个月采用改良MacNab疗效评定标准评估临床疗效,术前以及术后1d、4d、3个月时检测患者血清IL-6、IL-10水平.结果 患者全部顺利完成手术,术后未有感染、血肿等并发症发生.两组患者在术后各时间点VAS疼痛评分和NDI均较术前下降(P＜0.01),且术后3个月及6个月时观察组下降更明显(P＜0.01).两组患者术后血清IL-6水平较术前下降(P＜0.01),且术后3个月时观察组下降更明显(P＜0.01);术后4d,两组血清IL-10水平高于术前(P＜0.01),而在术后3个月时低于术前(P＜0.01),且观察组在术后4d和3个月时均高于对照组(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);两组在术后4d和3个月时IL-10/IL-6比值高于术前(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),且观察组均高于对照组(P＜0.05).术后6个月,观察组优良率高于对照组(90.54％ vs.67.57％) (P＜0.01).结论 低温等离子靶点消融术联合臭氧治疗神经根型颈椎间盘突出症较低温等离子射频消融髓核成形术联合臭氧更能够有效减轻患者疼痛和调节IL-10/IL-6比值.     

140例腰椎间盘突出症臭氧髓核消融术治疗的护理体会

目的探讨臭氧髓核消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的护理方法,与同仁参考。方法回顾金堂县第三人民医院2008年8月至2009年12月,运用臭氧髓核消融术成功治疗140例腰椎间盘突出症患者的护理经过,总结术前术中术后护理方法及经验。结果本组140例腰椎间盘突出症患者均成功手术,疗效满意。结论臭氧髓核消融术能成功治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者,良好的术前术中术后护理是其重要保证之一。     

经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症26例效果分析

目的：探讨使用经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效,为临床制定治疗方案提供可靠的数据。方法腰椎间盘突出症患者26例,均采用经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除术进行治疗,分别使用改良Macnab标准、Oswestry功能障碍(ODI)指数以及疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)评价其临床疗效。结果26例患者均得到有效随访,根据改良Macnab标准进行疗效评价,其中优21例,良3例,可1例,差1例。所有患者均无脊髓神经损伤等并发症发生。所有患者术后ODI指数以及VAS评分均显著低于术前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经皮椎间孔镜髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症疗效显著,不良反应少,值得临床进行推广。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.