Endovascular stent grafting of the descending thoracic aorta after arch repair in acute type A dissection

An endovascular stent graft was successfully deployed to the primary entry site in the proximal descending thoracic aorta after total aortic arch replacement using the "elephant trunk" technique in acute type A aortic dissection. The residual false lumen of the descending aorta was thrombosed completely after stent grafting. The elephant trunk was feasible for a proximal landing zone for stent grafting of the descending aorta. Stent grafting in combination with aortic arch replacement was a safe and effective procedure, and may be an alternative choice in carefully selected patients with type A aortic dissection.     

主动脉全弓置换加硬"象鼻"术治疗DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层

目的 总结主动脉全弓置换加硬"象鼻"术治疗DeBakey I型主动脉夹层的临床经验.方法 2005年6月至2008年3月,手术治疗41例DeBakey I型主动脉夹层病人,其中男32例、女9例;年龄27～76岁,平均57岁;急性主动脉夹层31例,慢性夹层10例.均在深低温停循环、低流量脑灌注下行主动脉全弓置换加硬"象鼻"手术.其中Bentall+全弓+硬象鼻术(术中支架系统直视下置入)24例,Wheat+全弓+象鼻术6例,升主动脉及全弓置换+硬象鼻术11例.结果 平均体外循环(168±32)min,平均主动脉阻断(109±24)min,选择性脑灌注(31±11)min.术后并发症14例(34.1%),12例治愈(85.8%),2例死亡.出院前均复查CT示升主动脉、主动脉弓部人工血管,术中支架系统血流通畅,位置良好,降主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大,未闭的降主动脉假腔血栓形成,无不良事件发生.随访1～12个月,死亡1例,无再次手术者.结论 主动脉全弓置换加硬"象鼻"术是治疗DeBakey I型主动脉夹层安全、有效的方法.     

Impending rupture of the descending aorta by enlargement of the false lumen after graft replacement with the elephant trunk technique: Report of a case

We report herein a case of an impending rupture of the descending aorta caused by an enlargement of the false lumen after a graft replacement using the elephant trunk technique. The patient was a 51-year-old woman who had received a graft replacement of the ascending aorta for an acute Stanford type A aortic dissection 6 years previously. An enhanced computed tomographic scan and digital subtraction angiography revealed pseudoaneurysms at the proximal and distal anastmotic site, and a residual dissection of the aortic arch. A graft replacement of the ascending aorta to the aortic arch was performed with the distal site using the elephant trunk technique. Five days after the operation, massive bleeding from the drainage tube occurred. A chest enhanced computed tomographic scan suggested an impending rupture of the descending aorta caused by an enlargement of the false lumen. A graft replacement of the descending aorta was carried out. Postoperatively she had no complications, and digital subtraction angiography showed an excellent reconstruction of the thoracic aorta. One month after the second operation, she was discharged from hospital.     

Extensive primary repair of the thoracic aorta in Stanford type A acute aortic dissection by means of a synthetic vascular graft with a self-expandable stent

OBJECTIVES: To minimize any residual false lumen when operating on patients with an acute type A aortic dissection, we tried to perform extensive primary repair of the thoracic aorta with the modified elephant trunk technique. The early and midterm results of these surgical interventions are reported and evaluated. METHODS: Among the acute type A aortic dissections with extensive false lumen encountered since December 1997, 19 consecutive patients, 15 DeBakey type I with the tear in the ascending, transverse, or both aortas, and 4 DeBakey type III-D with the tear located in the descending aorta, underwent insertion of a synthetic graft with a distally anchored stent in the descending thoracic aorta. The interpolation method was used as an introducer combined with total replacement of the aortic arch by using a synthetic branching graft with only a median sternotomy. RESULTS: One patient died, and 18 were discharged after full recovery. Postoperative computed tomographic scans showed that no residual false lumina were present proximal to the diaphragmatic level, and no false lumina were found in 10 patients. Two patients with acute ischemia of the right kidney caused by narrowing of the true lumen, as demonstrated by radiographic computed tomography, improved significantly after surgical intervention with restoration of blood flow in the true lumen. Paraplegia was not observed in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: In emergency operations for an acute type A aortic dissection, the operation is often limited to replacing the ascending aorta because priority is given to saving the patient's life. However, it is possible to perform extensive primary repair of the thoracic aorta with relative safety by interpolating a synthetic graft with a self-expandable stent.     

Total Arch Replacement with Stented Elephant Trunk Technique: A Proposed Treatment for Complicated Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection

Abstract   Objectives : The treatment of Stanford type B aortic dissections involving the arch or associated with proximal aortic aneurysms remains a surgical challenge. We report our results with total arch replacement with the stented elephant trunk (SET) procedure for these complicated Stanford type B aortic dissections. Methods: Between December 2003 and June 2008, 31 patients were admitted for complicated type B dissection (12 acute, 19 chronic). The mean age at operation was 44.3 ± 10.6 years (range: 22-68 years). The surgeries were performed by using total arch replacement combined with SET implantation. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed before discharge as well as 3 months and annually to evaluate the condition of the graft and the residual false lumen. Results: The procedure was successful in all but two patients; two patients died of multiple organ failure following surgery. No paraplegia was observed after surgery. Follow-up was completed in 27 of 29 patients and the mean follow-up period was 18.4 ± 12.3 months (range: 6-54 months). During follow-up CT scans, thrombus formation was observed in the descending aortic false lumen excluded by the stented graft in most patients. One patient died during follow-up while two patients with Marfan syndrome underwent successful operations for replacement of the remaining descending and abdominal aorta. Conclusion: Total arch replacement with the SET procedure has emerged as a viable option for complicated type B dissections and is associated with low morbidity and mortality. At mid-term follow-up, most patients have either thrombosed or have had no further increase in the false lumen of the descending aorta.     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层弓部病变处理决策

目的 总结急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层弓部处理的临床经验,探讨选择手术时机、确定治疗方案和手术方式的重要性.方法 2005年8月至2010年8月对210例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层行弓部替换手术治疗.手术方式采用深低温停循环及顺行性脑灌注,半弓替换+支架象鼻手术92例;次全弓替换+支架象鼻手术50例;全弓替换+支架象鼻手术68例.术后随访,胸腹主动脉CT观察降主动脉假腔闭合情况.结果 全组体外循环(146±52)min,主动脉阻断(93±25)min,深低温停循环(35±14)min.主动脉弓部手术围手术期死亡10例(4.8%).术后18例(8.6%)发生并发症,主要包括急性肾功能不全、神经系统并发症、纵隔感染及急性呼吸功能衰竭.术后随访2～60个月,平均(27±18)个月.随访过程中无死亡,再次入院行降主动脉替换术1例.增强CT检查结果显示支架远端胸降主动脉假腔闭合率为74%.结论 主动脉弓部处理是急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层治疗的重要手段.正确的决策对于提高手术的疗效有重要意义.

Abstract：

Objective Stanford type A acute aortic dissection is a life-threatening medical condition with high rates of morbidity and mortality that requires surgical repair, on an emergency basis. The extent of aortic arch repair that should be carried out during emergency surgery of this type is controversial. This study was conducted to report clinical experience on aortic arch repair and determine surgical indication, optimal operative procedures and strategy for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection. Methods 210 consecutive patients with acute Stanford A aortic dissection who underwent aortic arch replacement combined with implantation of stented elephant trunk into the descending aorta between August 2005 and August 2010. Surgical procedures included hemi-aortic arch replacement in 92 patients, subtotal aortic arch replacement in 50 patients and total aortic arch replacement in 68 patients. All operations were performed with the aid of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP). Enhanced computed tomography scanning was performed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes, particularly the fate of the false lumen remaining in the descending thoracic aorta by aortic arch replacement combined with implantation of stented elephant trunk during follow up. Results Average cardiopulmonary bypass time was (146 ±52) min. The average cross clamp time was(93 ±25)min and average selective cerebral perfusion and circulatory arrest time was(35 ±14)min. The overall in-hospital mortality was 4. 8% (10/210) and morbidity was 8. 6% ( 18/210). Postoperative complications included acute renal failure, stroke, mediastinitis and respiratory insufficiency. During the follow-up period [mean (27 ± 18) months, ranged 2 to 60 months], 1 patient underwent reoperation due to the descending thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm. There was no late death. Follow-up enhanced CT scanning showed about 74% false lumens obliterated at the level of the distal border of the stent graft post operation. Conclusion Open aortic arch replacement is an effective approach and provides acceptable outcomes for type A acute aortic dissection. Optimal treatment strategy is the key factor to success in emergency surgical intervention.     

Aortic arch repair for Stanford type A aortic dissection with distal anastomosis to the proximal level of the distal aortic arch

BACKGROUND: In acute type A dissection, replacing the ascending aorta with the transverse aortic arch recently has been recommended for event-free long-term survival. Since 1994, we have performed our new transverse aortic arch replacement, in which the distal end of the graft is anastomosed between the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery to reduce the risk by obtaining a good surgical view, resulting in good hemostasis. The "elephant trunk technique" was used in anticipation of a staged descending aortic operation for residual dissecting aorta. We analyzed the surgical survival of patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection undergoing our operative procedure using hypothermic selective antegrade cerebral perfusion. METHODS: We performed our new technique in 27 patients (aged 61 +/- 11 years, 15 male and 12 female patients, 22 patients with acute type A dissection, and 5 patients with chronic dissection). RESULTS: One in-hospital death (3.7% in total: 4.5% in acute dissection, 0% in chronic dissection) occurred in patients undergoing our new technique. Actuarial survival (including early death) was 91% at 5 years after the operation. One late death occurred as the result of a malignant tumor. Four patients underwent a staged reoperation for aneurysmal dilatation of the residual descending aorta or renal and splenic embolism as the result of thrombus from the false lumen 2 to 11 months (mean interval 6 months) after the initial operation. They have been doing well since the reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: Our "distal anastomosis to the proximal level of the distal aortic arch" technique made aortic arch replacement easier and improved the survival of the arch replacement for aortic dissection, especially for acute type A dissection, by securing hemostasis in the suture line. Combining the elephant trunk technique with our new procedure is useful to perform a staged aortic replacement for dilatation and complication of the false lumen in the descending aorta.     

Extended repair of thoracic aorta through left thoracotomy after aortic root replacement

A patent distal false lumen after repair of type A aortic dissection often poses serious late complications. We present a successful repair of dissecting aortic aneurysm through left thoracotomy, extending from the ascending to descending thoracic aorta after composite graft replacement of the aortic root. Although staged operations, including the elephant trunk procedure, are usually chosen for remaining extensive aortic disease after replacement of the aortic root or the ascending aorta, a single-stage repair from the ascending to the descending thoracic aortas through left thoracotomy can be a favorable option to treat a patient with this type of aortic disease.     

Aortic remodelling effect of the frozen elephant trunk technique on Stanford type A acute aortic dissection

Total arch replacement using the frozen elephant trunk procedure is performed for true lumen expansion of the descending aorta in patients with type A acute aortic dissection. However, the remodelling effect of the frozen elephant trunk on the dissected descending aorta is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the frozen elephant trunk on postoperative descending aortic remodelling after surgery. Between December 2012 and January 2020, we retrospectively investigated 24 patients who underwent total arch replacement using the frozen elephant trunk for type A acute aortic dissection. Remodelling of the descending aorta was evaluated using computed tomography. The aortic remodelling effect, based on aortic true lumen ratio, was determined for (i) DeBakey type (type I versus type III retrograde); (ii) thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair reintervention status (reintervention versus no reintervention); and (iii) stent length of the frozen elephant trunk (60 vs 90 mm). Postoperative true lumen ratio significantly increased in the type I dissection group. The true lumen ratio in the no-reintervention group, which had many patients with the type I dissection, significantly increased after the frozen elephant trunk. Aortic remodelling due to the frozen elephant trunk can be expected after type I acute aortic dissections.     

Total arch replacement with elephant trunk procedure for retrograde dissection

BACKGROUND: The surgical management of type A dissection with the intimal tear in the descending aorta--retrograde dissection--has some challenging aspects because the standard approach through a median sternotomy for ascending aortic dissection is difficult in these cases in which the intimal tear is located in the descending aorta. METHODS: From January 1995 to December 2001, 12 (8.6%) consecutive patients aged 40 to 71 years underwent total arch replacement with an elephant trunk procedure through a median sternotomy for retrograde dissection of the ascending aorta (acute: 10, chronic: 2) among 139 patients with type A dissection. The intimal tear was located in the descending aorta in all patients. Dissection extended proximally to the aortic root in 7 patients and to the ascending aorta in 5, and extended distally to the abdominal aorta in 4 and to the common iliac artery in 8. RESULTS: Hospital mortality occurred in 1 patient (8%) owing to multiple organ failure after malperfusion of the renal arteries. Postoperatively the false lumen in the descending aorta was closed in all patients who survived but the false lumen in the abdominal aorta was patent in 9. The thoracic and abdominal aorta had slight dilatation in 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that total arch replacement with an elephant trunk procedure through a median sternomy should be recommended in patients with type A dissection and the intimal tear in the descending aorta. This procedure induces thrombosis of the remaining false lumen in the distal aorta postoperatively.     

Total aortic arch replacement in Stanford type A aortic dissection using a new method of implanting the stented graft

In surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection (SAAD) with intimal tear in the arch or proximal descending aorta, we performed total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk technique for the purpose of achieving complete exclusion of the entry. To reduce the circulatory arrest time, we developed a quick stent graft placement method in the proximal descending aorta. We reported the early results and assessed the efficacy of our new method. Between March 2006 and February 2010, 52 consecutive patients with SAAD were divided into 2 groups:group A consisted of 17 patients who received total arch replacement with our new method;group B consisted of 35 patients who received ascending aorta or partial arch replacement. The duration of operation and cardiopulmonary bypass were significantly longer in group A. However, the duration of circulatory arrest time and postoperative factors including hospital mortality did not differ in both groups. In group A, thrombus obliteration of the residual false lumen in the descending aorta was observed in 75% at 19.2±13.1 months postoperatively. Shrinkage of false lumen in the aortic arch occurred in 15 patients( 93.8%). There was no reoperation for the residual false lumen and late death. Total aortic arch replacement with our new method for SAAD is technically feasible without increasing the operative risk and might reduce the necessity for further operations.     

The frozen elephant trunk technique for the treatment of extensive thoracic aortic aneurysms: operative results and follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: The 'frozen' elephant trunk technique allows for single-stage repair of combined aortic arch and descending aortic aneurysms using a 'hybridprosthesis' with a stented and a non-stented end. This report summarizes the operative- and follow-up data (mean follow-up 14 months) with this new treatment. METHODS: Between 09/01 and 4/04, 22 patients (62+/-9 years; 9 female) with different aortic pathologies (15 aortic dissections, 7 aneurysms) were operated on after approval from the local institutional review board. The stented end of the hybridprosthesis was deployed in the descending aorta through the opened aortic arch during hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion. RESULTS: All patients survived the procedure but one patient died of acute hemorrhage due to rupture of the false lumen in the descending aorta on the second postoperative day. Two patients required reexploration of the chest for bleeding complications. In 2 of 4 patients who developed neurological dysfunction, symptoms resolved completely. In one of them, the descending aorta was perforated intraoperatively due to misplacement of the stented end of the hybridprosthesis. In all follow-up CT-scans thrombus formation in the descending aortic aneurysm excluded by the stented end of the hybridprosthesis has been observed. CONCLUSIONS: This procedure is performed through median sternotomy and combines the concepts of the elephant trunk operation and endovascular stenting of descending aortic aneurysms. Favourable intraoperative and postoperative results during follow-up with regard to thrombus formation around the stented descending aortic segment encourage us to evaluate all patients with thoracic aneurysms extending to proximal and distal of the left subclavian artery for this treatment.     

“改良”次全弓置换加支架象鼻手术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层

目的总结和评价"改良"次全弓置换加支架象鼻手术治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的临床疗效。方法 2009年12月至2011年1月,中国医科大学附属第一医院接收47例Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者行"改良"次全弓置换加支架象鼻手术,其中男35例,女12例;年龄29～86(57.9±16.0)岁。患者均依据术前主动脉计算机断层扫描动脉成像诊断分型,在深低温停循环选择性脑灌注下施行手术;近心端采用升主动脉置换术29例,Bentall手术11例,Wheat手术4例,David手术3例;同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)5例。结果体外循环时间(136±32)min,主动脉阻断时间(97±28)min,深低温停循环选择性脑灌注时间(27±11)min。47例患者中住院期间死亡2例(4.25%,2/47),术后一过性精神障碍2例(4.25%,2/47),术后出现截瘫1例(2.12%,1/47),二次开胸止血4例。生存的45例患者均于出院前及术后6个月行主动脉3维CT血管造影(3D CTA)检查显示,降主动脉内支架血管膨胀良好,气管隆突及腹腔干平面真腔较术前明显扩大(P0.05);术后随访1～13个月,无因夹层进展需二次手术及动脉瘤破裂患者。结论 "改良"次全弓置换术加支架象鼻手术是治疗弓部三分支血管无破口的Stanford A型主动脉夹层安全、有效的方法,改良之处在于简化手术,缩短了手术时间、体外循环和深低温停循环时间,减少了手术相关并发症的发生;近期效果良好。     

Successful Treatment of a Gravida with Acute A Type Aortic Dissection in Late Gestation

Abstract This case report describes a woman at 35 weeks gestation, who presented with an acute type A aortic dissection involving the total aortic arch and descending aorta. She underwent a successful ascending aorta replacement, total arch replacement, and stented elephant trunk implantation at the time of cesarean section with favorable maternal and fetal outcomes . (J Card Surg 2012;27:728‐730)     

术中支架系统在主动脉夹层外科手术中的应用

目的 总结术中支架系统在主动脉夹层外科手术中应用的临床经验.方法 1 17例主动脉夹层病人,在深低温停循环下行含术中支架系统直视下置入的手术.Stanford A型50例中行Bentall+全弓+支架象鼻术(CRONUS术中支架系统直视下置入)28例,Wheat+全弓+支架象鼻术8例,升主动脉及全弓置换+支架象鼻术14例.Stanford B型67例均行支架象鼻术.结果 体外循环(159±31)min,主动脉阻断(95±23)min,脑灌注(27±8)min.住院死亡3例.发生一过性脑功能紊乱11例,脑血管意外6例,血管吻合口出血开胸止血5例,声音嘶哑2例,肾功能衰竭1例.术后CT均显示,术中支架系统位置良好,血流通畅,无内漏,降主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大,未闭的降主动脉假腔血栓形成.结论 术中支架系统在主动脉夹层手术中的应用是安全、有效的.其能准确封闭血管内膜破口,实现血管壁的重建,简化手术,创伤小,并发症少,疗效确切.     

Aortic arch replacement with covered stent-graft as elephant trunk for a type A acute aortic dissection

We report a case of aortic arch replacement with a covered stent-graft as an "elephant trunk". A 54-year-old woman was diagnosed with Stanford type A aortic dissection. The initial intimal tear was located in the distal aortic arch. Under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and retrograde cerebral perfusion, the distal end of the arch graft, which was turned inside out and reinforced with a Z-stent, was inserted into the distal true lumen as an "elephant trunk". Distal anastomosis was performed between the aortic wall and the inverted external graft. Graft replacement of the aortic arch and ascending aorta was followed by proximal arch grafting. Coronary artery bypass grafting to RCA was performed concomitantly. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the distal false lumen became thrombosed. This procedure is effective for reliable distal anastomosis and prevention of blood leakage into the distal false lumen.     

The results of total arch graft implantation with open stent-graft placement for type A aortic dissection

BACKGROUND: One problem that conventional ascending treatment for type A aortic dissection has not satisfactorily resolved is chronic enlargement of residual dissection in the aortic arch and descending aorta. To address this problem, we have developed a new method for type A aortic dissection: total arch graft implantation with open-style stent-graft placement. METHODS: From October 1994 through October 1999, 19 patients with type A aortic dissection (13 acute and 6 chronic dissections) underwent total arch graft implantation with open-style stent-graft placement. After achievement of general anesthesia and hypothermic extracorporeal circulation, we replaced the dissected ascending aorta and neck vessels with a 4-branched graft and repaired the descending aorta with a stent graft to close the entry site completely and to obtain better peripheral perfusion. We then examined the acute-phase and chronic-phase results and the outcomes of the false lumen and dissected aorta. RESULTS: There were 1 (5.3%) hospital death and 2 late deaths. The survivals at 1 and 3 years were 89.5% and 82.6%, respectively. The following complications occurred in the perioperative period: 1 stroke, 2 cases of temporary paraparesis, 2 cases of temporary hemodialysis, and 3 cases of mediastinitis. No pulmonary complications were observed. Six months postoperatively, the targeted entry sites were completely closed in all cases, 80% (8/10) of preoperatively patent false lumina were clotted at the level of the end of the stent graft, and 60% (9/15) of the false lumina and 40% (6/15) of the dissected aorta had shrunk significantly. Two (13.3%) of 15 cases of postoperative dilatation in the dissected aorta were observed, and reoperation related to residual dissected aorta was performed in only 1 (1/17 [5.9%]) patient during the mean follow-up period of 2.4 +/- 1.6 years. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary review of the total arch graft implantation with a stent graft suggests that this new procedure for type A aortic dissection might provide better results in both the acute and the chronic phase, especially with regard to the outcome for the false lumen and dissected aorta.     

Simplified elephant trunk technique promotes thrombo-occlusion of the false lumen in acute type A aortic dissection.

OBJECTIVE: We developed a "simplified elephant trunk (SET) graft technique" as a refinement of the original elephant trunk. A cuff is created in a single 4-branched graft, which is used for the distal anastomosis; the residual distal graft is used as the trunk. We expected the SET would secure the anastomosis and promote the thrombo-occlusion of the false lumen in the down stream of the aorta. In this paper, we highlight the usage of the SET for arch replacement of acute aortic dissection cases in comparison with the same arch replacement without the SET method. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between March 1996 and March 2002, 35 patients underwent arch replacement for acute aortic dissection. Twenty-two of them had a patent false lumen in the downstream aorta at the operation and 17 (SET: 8, non-SET (NSET) : 9) out of 22 underwent enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan 2 weeks after and 1 year after operation. We calculated the ratio of the false lumen in the aorta (F ratio) and the ratio of the patent false lumen in the whole false lumen (E ratio) by CT scan. These values were calculated every 3 cm down to 15 cm below the anastomosis, thus resulting in 5 segments. RESULTS: The false lumen throughout all segments disappeared (F ratio =0) in none of both group 2 weeks after operation. One year thereafter, in 5 (63%) patients in the SET group, no false lumen in any segment existed, while in contrast a false lumen still existed in some of the segments in all NSET patients. Although neither the F and E ratio of the NSET group change during this period in any segments, those of the SET group decreased significantly in all the segments except for the E ratio of segment 5. CONCLUSION: The SET promoted thrombo-occlusion thus leading to the disappearance of the residual false lumen, possibly by avoiding persistent endoleakage at the anastomotic site.     

改良全弓置换加支架象鼻术在DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层术中的应用

目的 总结改良主动脉全弓置换加支架象鼻术治疗DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层的临床经验.方法 2006年1月至2010年10月,101例DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层患者接受改良全弓置换加支架象鼻术,其中急诊手术73例.全组男性76例,女性25例;年龄21～77岁,平均(49±8)岁.手术包括升主动脉置换术31例、Bentall术29例、Wheat术7例、David术34例.支架象鼻术的同时行左锁骨下动脉开窗以重建血运.在深低温停循环时改行双侧顺行脑灌注下完成脑保护.结果 手术改良后平均心肺转流时间(212±40)min,平均心肌阻断时间(95±16)min,平均停循环时间(42±8)min.手术死亡1例,住院死亡5例,分别死于感染败血症、急性肾功能衰竭、偏瘫并发多器官功能衰竭.双侧脑灌注后脑血管意外和短暂脑神经功能障碍的发生率低于选择性脑灌注.76例患者出院前复查主动脉CT血管造影,人工血管无扭曲,血流通畅,胸降主动脉夹层假腔闭合率为78.9%.71例随访5～49个月,其中50例复查CT血管造影,胸降主动脉夹层假腔闭合率为88.0%,无晚期死亡及再次手术者.结论 改良的全弓置换加支架象鼻术治疗DeBakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层安全、有效,可减少术后并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the clinical study of modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment to patients with DeBakey Ⅰ thoracic aortic dissection. Methods From January 2006 to October 2010, 101 cases of DeBakey Ⅰ aortic dissection were treated by modified total arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique, in which emergency surgery for 73 cases. There were 76 male and 25 female patients, aged from 21 to 77 years with a mean of(49 ±8)years. Intraoperative ascending aortic replacement in 31 cases, Bentall procedure in 29 cases, Wheat procedure in 7 cases, David procedure in 34 cases. At the same time stent elephant trunk in the left subclavian artery corresponding position was windowed to rebuild the blood supply. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest cerebral protection was completed by bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion. Results The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was(212 ±40)min, mean myocardial occlusion time was(95 ± 16)min, mean circulatory arrest time was (42 ±8)min. Operative mortality was 1 case and hospital mortality was 5 case, which died of septicemia,acute renal failure and hemiplegia complicated with multiple organ failure. Compared with selective cerebral perfusion, the incidence of postoperative cerebral vascular accident and transient neurological dysfunction decreased. Seventy-six cases received aorta CTA before discharged, the closure rate of descending thoracic aortic dissection false lumen was 78. 9%. Seventy-one patients were followed up for 5 to 49 months, 50cases was reviewed by CTA, of which closure rate of descending thoracic aortic dissection false lumen was 88.0%, no late death and re-surgery. Conclusions The modified total aortic arch replacement and stent elephant trunk technique treatment for patients with DeBakey Ⅰ thoracic aortic dissection was safe and effective, with less postoperative complications.     

改良全主动脉弓置换治疗老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层

目的总结改良全主动脉弓置换治疗老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层的临床经验,并探讨其疗效。方法 39例老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者在深低温停循环、双侧顺行脑灌注下行外科手术。根部处理根据不同病变情况,选择不同术式,包括单纯升主动脉置换、Bentall、Wheat手术。主动脉弓部采用四分支血管行全主动脉弓置换,降主动脉内置入硬象鼻支架,并行支架开窗,完成左锁骨下动脉重建。结果全组平均体外循环时间为(180.49±30.46)min,平均停循环时间(27.22±10.58)min,平均脑灌注时间(32.42±12.36)min,平均心肌阻断时间(94.84±24.83)min。升主动脉置换17例,Wheat手术10例,Bentall手术12例。全组无术中死亡,术后住院死亡2例,脑梗塞1例,短暂性神经功能障碍3例,行肾脏透析治疗3例。全组无出血再次开胸、声音嘶哑、左上肢感觉运动功能障碍等情况。术后复查主动脉CTA弓部分支血管血流通畅,象鼻支架无内漏。无术后死亡及二次手术者。结论选择合适的手术时机及手术方式,老年Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者仍能获得满意的外科手术效果。