微波烘疗对原发性淋巴水肿免疫细胞的影响

目的探明原发性淋巴水肿患者免疫细胞之变化情况。方法采用 ABC 及 APAAP法免疫组织化学技术,分别对10例原发性下肢淋巴水肿患者患肢皮肤及外周血中淋巴细胞等进行分类分析,并观察微波烘疗的影响。结果外周血 CD8 T 淋巴细胞增加、CD4 T 淋巴细胞降低,CD4/CD8降低;局部皮肤真皮层小血管、毛细血管周围可见显著的呈灶性分布的单个核细胞浸润,以 T 淋巴细胞和单核巨噬细胞为主。结论微波烘疗后可提高外周血中 CD4 T 淋巴细胞、降低CD8 T 淋巴细胞,恢复 CD4/CD8比值,因而可调节存在的免疫紊乱状态;对局部组织可显著降低T淋巴细胞浸润,提高巨噬细胞活性,增强其吞噬能力。认为微波烘疗通过其热效应及复杂的生物学效应,纠正原发性淋巴水肿患者全身免疫紊乱状态,促进局部组织炎症反应消褪及增强巨噬细胞吞噬作用,从而达到消除水肿、减轻角质细胞增生及纤维化形成的作用。     

微波热调节肢体慢性淋巴水肿免疫紊乱的实验研究

对２０例肢体慢性淋巴水肿患者，在烘绑治疗前后，取外周血，用直接荧光标记单克隆抗体染色技术和流式细胞仪法检测Ｔ细胞亚群和ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表型变化，并与正常健康人对照，结果表明：肢体慢性淋巴水肿患者外周血ＣＤ４明显下降，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值明显下降（Ｐ（０．０１），ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ水平增高。患者经微波烘疗两疗程后，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值明显提高，ＣＤ４明显增高，ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ和ＣＤ８ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ明显下降。提示微波对肢     

微波烘疗调节肢体慢性淋巴水肿免疫的研究

目的　研究局部及全身免疫反应在淋巴水肿患者中的作用特点及微波烘疗对免疫反应的影响。方法　应用碱性磷酸酶抗碱性磷酸酶聚合物 (APAAP)和亲和素 -生物素 -过氧化物酶 (ABC)免疫组织化学法 ,对2 7例慢性肢体淋巴水肿患者微波烘疗前后全身及局部浸润淋巴细胞表型进行检测。结果　淋巴水肿患者有外周血CD4 T淋巴细胞 ,以及 CD4 / CD8 比例的降低和真皮层血管周围 T淋巴细胞浸润 ;经两个疗程的微波烘疗后 ,CD4 T淋巴细胞上升 ,CD4 / CD8 比例恢复正常 ,真皮层小血管周围 T淋巴细胞浸润明显消退。结论　微波烘疗可调节慢性肢体淋巴水肿患者全身及局部免疫失衡。     

微波原位热疗保肢手术后机体免疫功能的变化

为探讨局部热疗对机体免疫功能的影响，我们检测了１０例骨肉瘤患者在接受局部肿瘤切除加微波热疗保肢手术后Ｔ淋巴细胞免疫功能的变化。结果表明本组患者术前外周血中的ＣＤ３比例比正常值下降了４２％左右，以ＣＤ４减少为主，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值低下，ＰＨＡ皮肤试验为阴性，免疫系统处于抑制状态。术后１周ＣＤ３的比例即已显著增加，接近术前的２倍，以ＣＤ４增加为主，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值从术前的１．０４增加到２．８６～２．９３，至术后第３周Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群仍在正常范围内，ＰＨＡ皮肤试验表现为强阳性。而对照组虽然也将肿瘤组织切除，Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及ＰＨＡ皮肤试验却无明显恢复，且有进一步恶化的表现，可能与手术创伤介导的免疫抑制有关。证明微波原位热疗术可以增强机体的免疫力，这将对骨肿瘤的预后产生积极的影响。     

食管癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群,肿瘤坏死因子的改变及其相 …

目的 探讨食管癌患者外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）改变的规律性及其相关因素。方法 将７５例食管癌患者、５５名健康志愿者纳入本研究。对患者术前，术后３、７、１４天外周血样按ＡＰＡＡＰ及酶联免疫法，检测Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群和血浆ＴＮＦ。将所得结果与正常人组作对比研究。结果 与正常人相比，患者外周血ＣＤ３＾＋、ＣＤ４＾＋明显减少；而ＣＤ８＾＋明显增加；ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋比值明显下降。术后３天     

骨肿瘤,骨转移癌患者免疫功能变化及临床意义

对６２例骨肿瘤、骨转移癌患者外周血中Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群（ＰＴＬＳ）、淋巴细胞转化率（ＬＴＲ）的变化进行研究。结果显示：骨肿瘤患者外周血中全Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＤ３＋）及辅助／诱导性Ｔ细胞（ＣＤ４＋）较对照组明显降低，抑制／细胞毒性Ｔ细胞（ＣＤ８＋）无明显变化，ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋比率显著下降，以恶性骨肿瘤组降低最明显。骨转移癌患者呈类似变化。淋巴细胞转化率，骨肿瘤、骨转移癌组显著低于正常组。证明患者的免疫功能变化与骨肿瘤的存在、发展密切相关。此外，观察了恶性骨肿瘤患者手术前后ＰＴＬＳ变化，术后ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ８＋恢复正常水平，ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋比率升高。随访观察结果亦表明ＬＴＲ、ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋持续降低，ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋比率倒置的患者预后较差。提示动态观察恶性骨肿瘤患者外周血中Ｔ淋巴细胞及其亚群、淋巴细胞转化率的变化有助于判断预后。     

腹腔热化疗对胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者T淋巴细胞亚群及sIL-2R水平的影响

为评估腹腔灌注热化疗（ＩＰＨＣ）对胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响,对３２例胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者施行术后腹腔灌注热化疗,测定其外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群（ＴＬＳ）和血清白细胞介素Ⅱ受体（ｓＩＬ２Ｒ）水平,与２０例健康对照者进行比较。结果：行ＩＰＨＣ前,ＣＤ＋３、ＣＤ＋４、ＣＤ＋８、ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８较对照组降低,ｓＩＬ２Ｒ升高;行ＩＰＨＣ后,ＣＤ＋３、ＣＤ＋４、ＣＤ＋８、ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ｓＩＬ２Ｒ降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：腹腔灌注热化疗能明显提高患者免疫功能。     

狼疮性肾炎淋巴细胞以及粘附分子变化意义探讨

通过观察狼疮性肾炎（ＬＮ）患者淋巴细胞及粘附分子变化，探讨ＬＮ发病机制。方法采用流式细胞术及免疫荧光双染色法，检测３５例ＬＮ患者淋巴细胞及粘附分子表型（ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８、ＣＤ２０、ＣＤ４５ＲＡ、ＣＤ４５ＲＯ、ＣＤ１１ａ、ＣＤ１８、ＣＤ５４）。结果ＬＮ活动期ＣＤ８＋细胞增高；ＣＤ４＋ＣＤ４５ＲＡ＋细胞降低；ＣＤ８＋ＣＤ４５ＲＡ＋及ＣＤ８＋ＣＤ４５ＲＯ＋细胞增高。此外ＣＤ４＋细胞表面ＣＤ１１ａ（ＬＦＡ－１α）和ＣＤ１８（ＬＦＡ－１β）降低；后二者在ＣＤ８＋细胞上增高；作为二者配体的ＣＤ５４（细胞间粘附分子１，ＩＣＡＭ－１）亦在ＣＤ２０＋细胞上增高。ＣＤ８＋细胞上的ＣＤ１８增高与ＣＤ４＋ＣＤ４５ＲＡ＋细胞降低呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）与ＣＤ２０＋细胞上的ＣＤ５４增高呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论Ｔ细胞（ＣＤ８＋）与Ｂ细胞（ＣＤ２０＋）的ＣＤ１１α／ＣＤ１８与ＣＤ５４表达紊乱，提示粘附分子在ＬＮ发病机制中可能具有重要作用     

原发性肝癌患者血清白细胞介素—12与外周血和癌组织中 …

目的 探讨原发性肝癌患者血清白细胞介素－１２（ＩＬ－２）与外周血和癌组织中Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群变化的规律及其相关性。方法 应用ＥＬＩＳＡ技术检测３６例原发性肝癌患者血清ＩＬ－１２水平,采用流式细胞技术检测外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群,免疫组化技术检测肝癌组织中Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群分布。结果 随着肝癌的发展,肿瘤体积增大和癌栓的形成,外周血ＣＤ４＾＋细胞数目减少,ＣＤ８＾＋细胞数产多,Ｔ４／Ｔ８比值进行性下降。血清ＩＬ     

肺鳞癌和腺癌组织与血液中T淋巴细胞亚群的对比观察

采用免疫组化技术检测３４例肺鳞癌和腺癌组织与血液中Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群。结果显示：肺癌组织比肺良性疾病组织中ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋细胞比值降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示肺癌组织局部的免疫机能低下。肺癌组血液比对照组血液中ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋细胞比值降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），但术后比术前明显增加，说明此组肺癌患者全身的免疫机能低下，切除肿瘤后免疫机能明显恢复。肺癌淋巴结转移组、低分化肺癌组比对照组组织中ＣＤ３＋细胞减少，提示肺癌淋巴结转移组癌组织局部的免疫机能更低下，肺癌分化程度越低，组织局部的免疫机能越低下。     

微波烘疗对原发性淋巴水肿免疫细胞的影响

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effects of microwave on the immunological cells in primary lymphedema. METHODS: The immunological cells including lymphocytes in the affected limb skin and peripheral blood of 10 patients with primary lower limb lymphedema were analysed using ABC and APAAP immunohistochemical methods before and after microwave baking and bandaging treatment. RESULTS: It is demonstrated that in the peripheral blood of the patients there was an increase of CD8+ T lymphocytes as well as a decrease of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4/CD8. It was found that there was significant perivascular infiltration of mononuclear cells (most were monocytes and macrophages) in the skin of the affected limb. CONCLUSION: Microwave modulates the systemic immunological imbalance by its heating and complex biological effects on primary lymphedema patients through reversing the ratio of CD4/CD8 to normal level by increasing CD4+ T lymphocytes and decreasing CD8+ T lymphocytes. It can also decrease the perivascular T-lymphocyte infiltration of the affected dermis and enhance the phagocytic capabilities by promoting the proteolytic activities of macrophages, finally resulting in edema resolution.     

The immunological component of the cellular inflammatory infiltrate in bronchiectasis.

Immunohistological analysis of bronchial biopsy specimens from nine patients with bronchiectasis and four control subjects was performed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies selected to show lymphocyte and macrophage subsets and signs of cellular activation. The cells taking part in the inflammatory response in the bronchial wall of patients with bronchiectasis were almost exclusively mononuclear cells, most of them T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes were observed in biopsy specimens from only two out of nine patients. CD8+ T cells outnumbered CD4+ cells in all patients in a ratio ranging from 2:1 to 10:1. Most T lymphocytes also strongly expressed CD7 antigen and a proportion of them expressed HLA-DR. Most of the lymphocytic infiltration occurred just beneath the basement membrane of the epithelium, though intraepithelial and submucosal infiltration was also seen. Non-lymphoid mononuclear cells expressing the phenotype of dendritic cells and macrophages were found dispersed throughout the infiltrate, most of them expressing HLA-DR. These observations support the hypothesis that cell mediated immunological reactions contribute to the inflammation associated with bronchiectasis.     

Phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis

BACKGROUND: The granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis is driven by the interplay between T cells and macrophages. To gain a better understanding of this process the expression by these cells of cell surface activation markers, co-stimulatory molecules, and adhesion molecules was analysed. METHODS: CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes from peripheral blood (PBL) or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, as well as paired peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages from 27 patients with sarcoidosis were analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: CD26, CD54, CD69, CD95, and gp240 were all overexpressed in T cells from BAL fluid compared with those from PBL in both the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, while CD57 was overexpressed only in BAL CD4+ cells. In contrast, CD28 tended to be underexpressed in the BAL T cells. Monocyte/macrophage markers included CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD14, CD16, CD54, CD71, CD80 and CD86 and HLA class II. CD11a expression in alveolar macrophages (and peripheral blood monocytes) was increased in patients with active disease and correlated positively with the percentage of BAL lymphocytes. Expression of CD80 in macrophages correlated with the BAL CD4/CD8 ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate substantial activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ lung T cells in sarcoidosis. There were also increased numbers of BAL lymphocytes whose phenotypic characteristics have earlier been associated with clonally expanded, replicatively senescent cells of the Th1 type.     

Long-term therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin decreases percentage of CD152(+) lymphocytes in primary glomerulonephritis haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) may affect the human immune system. The aim of the study was to examine changes in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subpopulations, the expression of the inhibitory molecule, CD152 on T lymphocytes and the levels of interleukins (IL) 2, 6, 10, 12 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in primary glomerulonephritis chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients before and under rHuEpo treatment. METHODS: Expression of T-cell surface molecules was measured in 14 HD patients ex vivo by flow cytometry of lymphocytes sampled from peripheral blood and in vitro using whole blood cell cultures stimulated either with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or with physiological as well as non-physiological doses of rHuEpo. The concentrations of the cytokines were measured in the supernatants from non- or PHA-stimulated cultures using bioassays (IL2, IL6, TNF alpha) or ELISA tests (IL10, IL12). RESULTS: Compared with findings before the start of rHuEpo therapy the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio increased after 1 year of follow-up, whereas the percentage of CD152(+) peripheral blood lymphocytes decreased. The increase of the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio was dependent on a decrease of the percentage of CD8(+) cells. The decrease of CD152(+) population affected mainly CD8(+)CD152(+) cells. All these effects became apparent after 6 months of rHuEpo treatment. In vitro stimulation of whole blood cultures revealed that the addition of PHA up-regulated the percentage of CD152(+) lymphocytes, while physiological concentrations of rHuEpo decreased the percentage of CD8(+)152(+) T cells. None of the stimuli used affected the percentage of CD8(+) T cells. The pattern of the cytokines shifted toward TH1 phenotype (increase of IL2 and 12 levels) with a decreased level of proinflammatory cytokines (decrease of IL6 and TNFalpha levels). CONCLUSIONS: The observed decrease of CD152(+) lymphocytes together with the decrease of CD8(+) cells may reflect the improved immune response observed in HD patients under rHuEpo treatment.     

Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on circulating lymphocyte function.

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been associated with a wide variety of immunological derangements, including a transient postoperative impairment of lymphocyte function. We examined changes in phenotypic and nonspecific cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells after extracorporeal CPB. The peripheral blood samples obtained from 10 patients were subjected to natural killer and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity assay before and at intervals after CPB. Phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed in 5 patients before and immediately after CPB. We observed a significant increase in peripheral blood CD8+ cells (cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes) (16.1% +/- 2.5% versus 22.5% +/- 2.1%; p less than .005) and a decrease in CD4+ cells (helper/inducer T lymphocytes) (46.1% +/- 3.5% versus 36.1% +/- 3.5%; p less than 0.02) immediately after extracorporeal circulation. The CD8/CD4 ratio in peripheral blood was significantly increased immediately after bypass (0.53 versus 0.80; p less than 0.001). No significant changes in percentages of other leukocyte subsets in peripheral blood were noted. The activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in peripheral blood was impaired on postoperative days 1 and 3 but was restored to preoperative values by removal of mononuclear phagocytes from these cells. The decrease in natural killer cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity in peripheral blood may signify a temporary impairment of the effector arm of the cell-mediated immunity in the post-operative period. The observed changes in peripheral blood phenotype and function may be involved in early organ injury and infectious complications after CPB.     

异种或同种异体脱细胞真皮基质移植后免疫细胞分型的研究

目的　比较异种脱细胞真皮基质 (Xeno ADM)与同种异体脱细胞真皮基质 (Allo ADM)移植物免疫学反应的差异。　方法　选用健康小猪和健康自愿者的中厚皮 ,分别制成Xeno ADM和Aoll ADM后 ,与深度烧伤患者的断层超薄自体皮 (UTS)重叠 ,即时覆盖其切痂创面 ,相应设为Xeno组(2 6例 )和Aoll组 (10例 )。于另 8例深度烧伤患者切痂创面上移植单纯断层自体中厚皮 (TTS) ,设为对照组。采用免疫组化方法 ,于移植术后进行组织学观察 ,并检测外周血和移植物内免疫细胞分型情况。　结果　与对照组比较 :(1)移植术后 ,Xeno组和Allo组外周血免疫细胞分型情况无明显改变(P >0 .0 5 )。 (2 )Xeno组移植物局部长期存在炎症 免疫反应 ,其中 80 %以上为CD3+ CD4 + 和CD4 5RO+ 细胞 ,CD8+ 细胞、Vs8C+ 浆细胞、CD5 7+ 的自然杀伤细胞 (NK)相对较少 ;另可见嗜酸性粒细胞和CD6 8+ CD4 + 异物巨细胞反应 ,在发生排异反应前的Xeno ADM中尤为明显 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1)。Allo组仅在移植早期 (术后 8周以内 )有中度炎症 免疫反应。　结论　人体对脱细胞真皮基质的特异性免疫反应 ,可能是在单核 巨噬细胞参与下、以CD4 + T淋巴细胞介导的细胞免疫为主要表现 ;辅助性T细胞和巨噬细胞构成的异物巨细胞可能在其中起重要作用     

Local immune inflammatory response to infected total hip and knee replacements

We studied the tissue response for periprosthetic pseudosynovial tissue in seven patients with a purulent endoprosthetic infection and six patients with common prosthesis loosening, using specific monoclonal antibodies in avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex staining. In infected cases, proline 4-hydroxylase positive fibroblasts dominated the stroma of the vascularized periprosthetic connective tissue, whereas ;diffuse local infiltrations of mononuclear cells characterized the cellular histological overview. Local cellular response consisted of CD11b and MHC locus II antigen-positive immunoreactive monocytes/macrophages and of T lymphocytes, mostly of the CD4 subset. Only a few CD25-positive cells could be detected. The local cellular response in six patients with prosthesis loosening of nonbacterial origin was mild, showing a sparse perivascular infiltration of CD11b- and Ia-positive monocytes/macrophages and CD4/CD8-positive T lymphocytes in a proportion of 2:1. Only occasional CD15- or lactoferrin-positive neutrophils and CD25-positive lymphocytes could be detected. Our results from chronically infected joint replacements suggest that neutrophils, being virtually absent in the tissue compartment, do not contribute to pathological events in the pseudojoint cavity, whereas local tissue response consists of a mononuclear inflammatory cell reaction of a macrophage-dependent foreign-body type.