rhIL-11+rhG-CSF对中子急性放射病狗的治疗作用

目的　探讨rhIL-11与rhG-CSF联用对中子急性放射病(ARS)的治疗作用。方法　18只雄性成年比格狗,随机分为照 射对照组、对症治疗组和两因子+对症联合治疗组。所有动物均接受90%中子照射,吸收剂量为2.0Gy。联合治疗组动物于照射后 即刻开始皮下注射rhG-CSF10μg/(kg·d)和rhIL-1150μg/(kg·d),给药时间分别为14天和21天,观察照射后动物外周血象及骨髓 有核细胞形成CFU-GM能力的变化。结果　对症治疗组和联合治疗组动物全部存活,而照射对照组动物30天存活率为57.1%。照 射后联合治疗组各检测点外周血白细胞数及恢复期血小板和红细胞数均明显高于照射对照组及对症治疗组。照射后1天,联合治疗 组骨髓CFU-GM数量是两个对照组的6倍(P<0.01),33天分别是照射对照组、对症治疗组的1.75和1.46倍(P<0.01)。结论　 rhIL-11与rhG-CSF联合给药可以升高2.0Gy裂变中子照射狗的外周血白细胞、血小板数的最低值,缩短白细胞最低值持续的时间, 加速骨髓造血功能的恢复,对2.0Gy中子照射狗有明显的治疗作用。     

The effect of irradiation in the therapeutic dose range on vascular-graft material

Samples of Dacron and Teflon tubing that were obtained from unused vascular-graft remnants were irradiated with 1000 to 8000 rad (10 to 80 Gy) and compared in tensile strength and elongation with unirradiated specimens. No significant difference in these parameters was found. These levels of single-dose irradiation may be assumed to be similar to those used in fractionated irradiation of human malignant neoplasms. Therefore, it can be concluded that irradiation at clinical dose ranges does not affect the tensile strength and elongation of vascular graft material. Polyethylene tubing, on the other hand, is strengthened to a minor degree by single dose irradiation with 1000 to 8000 rad (10 to 80 Gy).     

Scintigraphic imaging of the heart in dogs damaged by irradiation

The paper verified literature data assuming that the heart damage caused by irradiation of thorax may be scintigraphically detected by means of 99mTc-pyrophosphate. Three dogs underwent a single irradiation of thorax with a gamma cobalt source by the Dose 40 Gy. The myocardium scan was performed 24 hours, 20 days, 50 days, 80 days and 93 days after the irradiation. The scintigraphic examination proved to be negative at all the intervals observed. A comparison of the scan with morphological findings and with radioactivity of tissue samples after the dogs were sacrificed 93 days after the irradiation proved that the negativity of the pyrophosphate scintigraphy was caused by a minimum damage of the myocardium and not by an inability of 99mTc-pyrophosphate to be incorporated into radiation lesions. The data in literature on myocardium damage by irradiation appear to be considerably exaggerated.     

大剂量全身照射比格狗生物效应观察

目的 :为极重度骨髓型急性放射病实验治疗提供依据 ,观察了不同剂量照射比格狗的生物效应。方法 :60 Coγ辐射源分别照射 6 .5 ,5 .5 ,5 .0 ,4.5 ,3.5 ,2 .5Gy ,照射剂量率为 7.2 2 4× 10 _2 C/(kg·min)。观察照射动物的一般临床表现、外周血细胞计数、骨髓细胞培养。结果 :所有比格狗于照射后 0 .5～ 2h均有呕吐。 6 .5Gy照射组动物于照射后第 2天出现腹泻 ,并伴有白色黏液 ,其中 3只动物出现血水样便或咖啡样便。 5 .5Gy组有个别动物出现水样便 ,而 4.5Gy以下剂量照射组动物出现一般稀便。比格狗除 2 .5Gy组有一只动物活存外 ,其余均死亡 ,各组死亡动物平均活存时间依剂量的大小分别为 5 .0 ,8.0 ,9.3,9.5 ,10 .5和 14.1d。照射后 1d骨髓造血祖细胞集落数随照射剂量的增加而明显减少。照射后外周血白细胞和血小板数最低值出现时间随照射剂量的增大而提前 ,且剂量效应关系显著。结论 :对临床症状、外周血白细胞及活存时间的分析结果表明 ,比格狗的极重度骨髓型急性放射病 (偏轻 )模型的全身照射剂量为 4.5～ 5 .0Gy。     

Chronic radiation sequelae in the rat rectum following intracavitary irradiation with different doses

The dependence of chronic radiation damage of the rectosigmoid on dose, dose rate and irradiated volume after intracavitary irradiation with an oscillating iridium source was studied in rats. The incidence of large bowel stenosis increased with increasing dose, dose rate and volume. The nominal dose leading to 50% incidence of stenosis was 27 Gy at 2 Gy/min, 32.5 Gy at 0.2 Gy/min and 51 Gy at 0.05 Gy/min.